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Mathur C, Gupta R, Bansal RK. Organic Donor-Acceptor Complexes As Potential Semiconducting Materials. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304139. [PMID: 38265160 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In this review article, the synthesis, characterization and physico-chemical properties of the organic donor-acceptor complexes are highlighted and a special emphasis has been placed on developing them as semiconducting materials. The electron-rich molecules, i. e., donors have been broadly grouped in three categories, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen heterocycles and sulphur containing aromatic donors. The reactions of these classes of the donors with the acceptors, namely tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), tetracyanobenzene (TCNB), benzoquinone, pyromellitic dianhydride and pyromellitic diimides, fullerenes, phenazine, benzothiadiazole, naphthalimide, DMAD, maleic anhydride, viologens and naphthalene diimide are described. The potential applications of the resulting DA complexes for physico-electronic purposes are also included. The theoretical investigation of many of these products with a view to rationalise their observed physico-chemical properties is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302020
| | - Raakhi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302020
| | - Raj K Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302020
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2
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Pathak DK, Moon HC. Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2949-2975. [PMID: 36239257 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integration of several functionalities into one isolated electrochemical body is necessary to realize compact and tiny smart electronics. Recently, two different technologies, electrochromic (EC) materials and energy storage, were combined to create a single system that supports and drives both functions simultaneously. In EC energy storage devices, the characteristic feature of EC materials, their optical modulation depending on the applied voltage, is used to visually identify the stored energy level in real time. Moreover, combining energy-harvesting and EC storage systems by sharing one electrode facilitates the realization of further compact multifunction systems. In this minireview, we highlight recent groundbreaking achievements in EC multifunction systems where the stored energy levels can be visualized using the color of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh K Pathak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Madasamy K, Shanmugam VM, Velayutham D, Kathiresan M. Reversible 2D Supramolecular Organic Frameworks encompassing Viologen Cation Radicals and CB[8]. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1354. [PMID: 29358634 PMCID: PMC5778010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible 2D supramolecular organic frameworks encompassing branched viologen architectures and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) were constructed and investigated. UV-vis investigation clearly indicates the formation and intermolecular dimerization of monocation radicals and their encapsulation into the hydrophobic CB[8] cavity which is further complemented by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Particle size measurements by dynamic light scattering method showed particle sizes in the range of several µm indicating larger aggregates. Zeta potential measurements suggested the instability of these particles and their tendency to form aggregates. TEM (transmission electron microscope) analysis further revealed the formation of supramolecular polymer (monocation radical with cucurbit[8]uril) whose diameter were in the range of several µm as indicated by DLS measurements; however the oxidized form, i.e., the viologen dication with cucurbit[8]uril showed dotted spots in the range of sub nanometer level. The internal periodicities of the supramolecular polymers were analyzed by SAXs (small angle X-ray scattering) measurements. Additionally, we have demonstrated that these supramolecular organic frameworks can be depolymerized by oxidation in air and again can be polymerized (intermolecular radical dimerization) by reduction under inert atmosphere demonstrating that these systems will be of broad interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Madasamy
- Electroorganic Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - David Velayutham
- Electroorganic Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugavel Kathiresan
- Electroorganic Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Kathiresan M, Steinhoff HJ, Walder L. TEMPO-Labeled Viologen Dendrimers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Distance Measurements. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Kathiresan
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials; University of Osnabrück; Barbarastrasse 7 49069 Osnabrück Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Walder
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials; University of Osnabrück; Barbarastrasse 7 49069 Osnabrück Germany
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5
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Bongard D, Degefa TH, Schön P, Giese M, Brandt R, Walder L. Evaluation and Elucidation of DNA-Containing Viologen Dendrimer Complex Formation. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Madasamy K, Kathiresan M. Dimeric and Star-Shaped Viologens: Synthesis and Capping interactions with β-cyclodextrin. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Madasamy
- Electro Organic Division; CSIR-Central ElectroChemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630003 TamilNadu INDIA
| | - Murugavel Kathiresan
- Electro Organic Division; CSIR-Central ElectroChemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630003 TamilNadu INDIA
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7
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Copper(II) complexes of three isomeric bis(tacn) ligands: Syntheses, structures and properties. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Machacek M, Kollár J, Miletin M, Kučera R, Kubát P, Simunek T, Novakova V, Zimcik P. Anionic hexadeca-carboxylate tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine: synthesis and in vitro photodynamic studies of a water-soluble, non-aggregating photosensitizer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic activity of hexadeca-carboxylate tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine is largely influenced by intracellular pH and its interaction with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Machacek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove
- Charles University in Prague
- Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kollár
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove
- Charles University in Prague
- Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Miletin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove
- Charles University in Prague
- Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove
- Charles University in Prague
- Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 182 23 Praha 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Simunek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove
- Charles University in Prague
- Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove
- Charles University in Prague
- Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove
- Charles University in Prague
- Hradec Kralove
- Czech Republic
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9
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Chen L, Willcock H, Wedge CJ, Hartl F, Colquhoun HM, Greenland BW. Efficient access to conjugated 4,4'-bipyridinium oligomers using the Zincke reaction: synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:980-8. [PMID: 26626110 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyclocondensation reaction between rigid, electron-rich aromatic diamines and 1,1'-bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (Zincke) salts has been harnessed to produce a series of conjugated oligomers containing up to twelve aromatic/heterocyclic residues. These oligomers exhibit discrete, multiple redox processes accompanied by dramatic changes in electronic absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
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10
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Kawauchi T, Oguchi Y, Sawayama J, Nagai K, Iyoda T. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Dendritic Viologen-Arranged Molecules with an ω-Mercaptoalkyl Group and Their Self-Assembled Monolayers Complexed with Various Anions. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kawauchi
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Oguchi
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Sawayama
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagai
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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11
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Özdemir E, Thirion D, Yavuz CT. Covalent organic polymer framework with C–C bonds as a fluorescent probe for selective iron detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10697d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron detection has just gone heterogeneous, thanks to the selective quenching of fluorescence by the nanoporous polymers that are tuned for optimal processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Özdemir
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, Sustainability (EEWS)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Korea
| | - D. Thirion
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, Sustainability (EEWS)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Korea
| | - C. T. Yavuz
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, Sustainability (EEWS)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Korea
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12
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Bongard D, Bohr W, Swierczek M, Degefa TH, Walder L, Brandt R. Alkylene-bridged viologen dendrimers: versatile cell delivery tools with biosensing properties. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9583-91. [PMID: 25335762 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two types of viologen dendrimers with peripheral carboxyl groups is described. Their interaction with plasmid DNA and CT-DNA and the influence of time evolution and electrolyte on dendriplex formation have been electrochemically investigated. A negative potential shift appearing in the cyclic voltammograms of the dendrimers indicates dendriplex formation on the time scale of 15 to 19 minutes, i.e. similar to those determined empirically for other dendrimer types. The presence or absence of the negative potential shift can be used to check the stability towards sodium chloride and different cell growth media directing to sucrose for cell incubation experiments. The electrolyte content of commercially available cell growth media inhibits the dendriplex formation in solution prior to plasmid addition. Furthermore, a low salt stability of 20 mM sodium chloride for viologen dendriplexes has been confirmed, also recommending the use of lysosomotropic sucrose. The two types of viologen dendrimers have been combined with two plasmids differing in the number of base pairs. Four immortal cell lines have been tested to check the suitability of viologen dendriplexes as gene delivery systems. Probably due to the absence of terminal amino groups and endosomolytic substances only a small transfection efficiency of dendriplexes was achieved at low pH, generally excluding in vivo applications. With the larger pHSV-eGFP plasmid (5743 bp) no transfected cells were observed indicating a preference for shorter plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bongard
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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13
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Redox behaviour of some asymmetrically substituted viologens and an alkyl bridged bis-viologen in non-aqueous solvents: a voltammetric and spectroscopic investigation. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Synthesis of C 3 -symmetric tri(alkylamino) guests and their interaction with cyclodextrins. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-014-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Szulc A, Zablocka M, Coppel Y, Bijani C, Dabkowski W, Bryszewska M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Majoral JP. A viologen phosphorus dendritic molecule as a carrier of ATP and Mant-ATP: spectrofluorimetric and NMR studies. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A viologen phosphorus dendritic molecule is able to create non-covalent interactions with model molecules of drugs belonging to the group of nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szulc
- Department of General Biophysics
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Zablocka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yannick Coppel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC)
- F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC)
- F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Wojciech Dabkowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC)
- F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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16
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Murugavel K. Benzylic viologen dendrimers: a review of their synthesis, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers containing benzylic viologen branching units, their guest complexation, photophysical and biological applications has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Murugavel
- ElectroOrganic Division
- CSIR-CECRI Central Electro Chemical Research Institute
- Karaikkudi-630006, India
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17
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Passon M, Ruff A, Schuler P, Speiser B, Dreiling I. Stepwise Solid-Phase Synthesis and Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Viologen Core/Shell-Structured Modified Silica Materials. ChemElectroChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Furer VL, Vandukov AE, Katir N, Majoral JP, El Kadib A, Caminade AM, Bousmina M, Kovalenko VI. Structural and spectroscopic properties of the second generation phosphorus-viologen "molecular asterisk". SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:183-190. [PMID: 23832225 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of the second generation phosphorus-viologen "molecular asterisk" G2 built from cyclotriphosphazene core with 12 viologen units and 6 terminal phosphonate groups have been recorded and analyzed. The experimental X-ray data of 1,1-bis(4-formylbenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium bis(hexaflurophosphate) was used in molecular modeling studies. The optimization of isolated 1,1-bis(4-formylbenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (BFBP) molecule without counter ions PF6(-) does not lead to significant changes of dihedral angles, thus the molecular conformation does not depend on interactions with the counter ions. The structural optimization and normal mode analysis were performed for G2 on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated geometrical parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies are predicted in a good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that G2 has a kind of "egg timer" structure with planar OC6H4CHNN(CH3) fragments and slightly non-planar cyclotriphosphazene core. The experimental IR and Raman spectra of G2 were interpreted by means of potential energy distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, 1 Zelenaya, 420043 Kazan, Russia.
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19
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Hierold J, Lupton DW. C–C bond fragmentation by Grob/Eschenmoser reactions, applications in dendrimer synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6150-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40800k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Synthesis of symmetrical, single-chain, phenylene/biphenylene-modified bolaamphiphiles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Kathiresan M, Walder L. Shell-by-Shell Inside-Out Complexation of Organic Anions in Flexible and Rigid Pyridinium Dendrimers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201615w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Kathiresan
- Institute of Chemistry OCII, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 7, Osnabrueck, D 49069, Germany
| | - Lorenz Walder
- Institute of Chemistry OCII, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 7, Osnabrueck, D 49069, Germany
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22
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Kathiresan M, Walder L. Trimethylenedipyridinium Dendrimers: Synthesis and Sequential Complexation of Anthraquinone Disulfonate in Molecular Shells. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101925x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Kathiresan
- Institute of Chemistry OCII, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 7, Osnabrueck, D 49069, Germany
| | - Lorenz Walder
- Institute of Chemistry OCII, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrasse 7, Osnabrueck, D 49069, Germany
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