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Regier J, Bolshan Y. Synthesis of C,N-Glycosides via Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Azidation of exo-Glycals. J Org Chem 2024; 89:141-151. [PMID: 38110245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of exo-glycals with azidotrimethylsilane in the presence of a Brønsted acid leads to the generation of the corresponding C,N-glycosyl azides. The majority of these glycosylation reactions proceed at room temperature with short reaction times. In addition, the targeted products were obtained in high yields with exclusive diastereoselectivity to the α-anomer in pyranose-based derivatives. Carbohydrate units based on mannose, galactose, arabinose, and ribose were also shown to proceed in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Regier
- TLC Pharmaceutical Standards, Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 7B6, Canada
| | - Yuri Bolshan
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
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La Ferla B, D’Orazio G. Pyranoid Spirosugars as Enzyme Inhibitors. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:3-22. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200924152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pyranoid spirofused sugar derivatives represent a class of compounds with a significant
impact in the literature. From the structural point of view, the rigidity inferred by the spirofused entity has made
these compounds object of interest mainly as enzymatic inhibitors, in particular, carbohydrate processing enzymes.
Among them glycogen phosphorylase and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 are important target enzymes
for diverse pathological states. Most of the developed compounds present the spirofused entity at the C1 position
of the sugar moiety; nevertheless, spirofused entities can also be found at other sugar ring positions. The main
spirofused entities encountered are spiroacetals/thioacetals, spiro-hydantoin and derivatives, spiro-isoxazolines,
spiro-aminals, spiro-lactams, spiro-oxathiazole and spiro-oxazinanone, but also others are present.
Objectives:
The present review focuses on the most explored synthetic strategies for the preparation of this class
of compounds, classified according to the position and structure of the spirofused moiety on the pyranoid scaffold.
Moreover, the structures are correlated to their main biological activities or to their role as chiral auxiliaries.
Conclusion:
It is clear from the review that, among the different derivatives, the spirofused structures at position
C1 of the pyranoid scaffold are the most represented and possess the most relevant enzymatic inhibitor activities.
Nevertheless, great efforts have been devoted to the introduction of the spirofused entity also in the other positions,
mainly for the preparation of biologically active compounds but also for the synthesis of chiral auxiliaries
useful in asymmetric reactions; examples of such auxiliaries are the spirofused chiral 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and
1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Orazio
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Rajput J, Hotha S, Vangala M. AuBr 3-catalyzed azidation of per- O-acetylated and per- O-benzoylated sugars. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:682-687. [PMID: 29623131 PMCID: PMC5870170 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report, for the first time, the successful anomeric azidation of per-O-acetylated and per-O-benzoylated sugars by catalytic amounts of oxophilic AuBr3 in good to excellent yields. The method is applicable to a wide range of easily accessible per-O-acetylated and per-O-benzoylated sugars. While reaction with per-O-acetylated and per-O-benzoylated monosaccharides was complete within 1-3 h at room temperature, the per-O-benzoylated disaccharides needed 2-3 h of heating at 55 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Madhuri Vangala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
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Rungta P, Mangla P, Khatri V, Maity J, Prasad AK. Biocatalytic route to C-4′-spiro-oxetano-xylofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2018.1438416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Rungta
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Mangla
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Laboratory, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Synthesis of Spironucleosides: Past and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112028. [PMID: 29165398 PMCID: PMC6150341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spironucleosides are a type of conformationally restricted nucleoside analogs in which the anomeric carbon belongs simultaneously to the sugar moiety and to the base unit. This locks the nucleic base in a specific orientation around the N-glycosidic bond, imposing restrictions on the flexibility of the sugar moiety. Anomeric spiro-functionalized nucleosides have gained considerable importance with the discovery of hydantocidin, a natural spironucleoside isolated from fermentation broths of Streptomyces hygroscopicus which exhibits potent herbicidal activity. The biological activity of hydantocidin has prompted considerable synthetic interest in this nucleoside and also in a variety of analogues, since important pharmaceutical leads can be found among modified nucleoside analogues. We present here an overview of the most important advances in the synthesis of spironucleosides.
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Sharma VK, Kumar M, Sharma D, Olsen CE, Prasad AK. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of C-4′-Spiro-oxetanoribonucleosides. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8516-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501655j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Sharma
- Bioorganic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Bioorganic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Bioorganic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Carl E. Olsen
- Faculty
of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK- 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Bioorganic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Ansari AA, Rajasekaran P, Khan MM, Vankar YD. Bicyclic Hybrid Sugars as Glycosidase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Comparative Study of Inhibitory Activities of Fused Oxa-Oxa, Oxa-Aza, and Oxa-Carbasugar Hybrid Molecules. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1690-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402574h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alafia A. Ansari
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Parasuraman Rajasekaran
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - M. Musawwer Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Reddy YS, Lahiri R, Vankar YD. Palladium-Catalyzed Improved Regio- and Stereoselective O-Glycosylation of D-Glucal-Derived β- and α-Vinyl Oxiranes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Awan SI, Werz DB. Syntheses of 1,2-annulated and 1-spiroannulated carbohydrate derivatives: Recent developments. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1846-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Reddy YS, Kancharla PK, Roy R, Vankar YD. Aza-Claisen rearrangement of 2-C-hydroxymethyl glycals as a versatile strategy towards synthesis of isofagomine and related biologically important azasugars. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2760-73. [PMID: 22371151 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06851f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of isofagomine has been achieved by implementation of aza-Claisen rearrangement of 2-C-hydroxymethyl glycals as a key step. The above rearrangement has also been utilized in the synthesis of biologically important polyhydroxylated piperidine frameworks such as isogalactofagomine, ent-isogalactofagomine and their analogues and some other azasugars as glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suman Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Reddy YS, Kadigachalam P, Basak RK, John Pal A, Vankar YD. Total synthesis of (+)-pericosine B and (+)-pericosine C and their enantiomers by using the Baylis–Hillman reaction and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Reddy YS, John Pal AP, Gupta P, Ansari AA, Vankar YD. Ceric Ammonium Nitrate-Catalyzed Azidation of 1,2-Anhydro Sugars: Application in the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Sugar-Derived Morpholine 1,2,3-Triazoles and 1,4-Oxazin-2-ones. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5972-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200260w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Suman Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur −208 016, India
| | - A. P. John Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur −208 016, India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur −208 016, India
| | - Alafia A. Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur −208 016, India
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur −208 016, India
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John Pal AP, Kadigachalam P, Mallick A, Doddi VR, Vankar YD. Synthesis of sugar-derived spiroaminals via lactamization and metathesis reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:809-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bisol TB, Bortoluzzi AJ, Sá MM. Nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxide and aziridine acetates for the stereodivergent synthesis of β-hydroxy and β-amino γ-lactams. J Org Chem 2010; 76:948-62. [PMID: 21194209 DOI: 10.1021/jo102267h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of novel β,γ-disubstituted γ-lactams with either an anti or syn relative configuration was developed from readily available epoxide and aziridine acetates. The key steps include the regio- and diastereocontrolled nucleophilic ring-opening of these three-membered heterocycles followed by mild reductive cyclization of the γ-azido ester intermediate. The method was also extended to an asymmetric synthesis of (4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one from a chiral epoxide acetate. The main features of this versatile synthesis of functionalized γ-lactams include the involvement of inexpensive reagents and mild conditions together with high chemical efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tula B Bisol
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Pal AJ, Mallick A, Reddy YS, Vankar YD. Molecular iodine-promoted N- and C-glycosylation of 1-C-alkyl (or phenyl)-glycopyranoses. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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John Pal AP, Gupta P, Suman Reddy Y, Vankar YD. Synthesis of Fused Oxa-Aza Spiro Sugars from D-Glucose-Derived δ-Lactone as Glycosidase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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