1
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Zhu W, Han C, Yang G, Huo X, Zhang W. Pd/Cu-Cocatalyzed Enantio- and Diastereodivergent Wacker-Type Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39099165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The Wacker and Wacker-type reactions are some of the most fundamental and powerful transformations in organic chemistry for their ability to efficiently produce valuable chemicals. Remarkable progress has been achieved in asymmetric oxy/aza-Wacker-type reactions; however, asymmetric Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization remains underdeveloped, especially for the concurrent construction of two stereocenters. Herein, we report a Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed enantio- and diastereodivergent Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization of alkene-tethered aryl triflates with imino esters. A series of 2-indanyl motifs bearing adjacent carbon stereocenters could be easily synthesized in moderate to excellent yields and with good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the origin of diastereoselectivity in this Pd/Cu synergistic catalytic system is jointly determined by both the intermolecular anti-carbopalladation of alkenes and the reductive elimination processes, in accordance with the Curtin-Hammett principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongyu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Fernandes RA, Gangani AJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidant Dependent Switchable Aza-Wacker Cyclization and Oxidative Dimerization of Benzimidates. Org Lett 2022; 24:7400-7404. [PMID: 36197317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An oxidant dependent switchable palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 1,3-oxazines and benzohydrazonates (azines) from O-homoallyl benzimidates has been developed. The reaction involved aza-Wacker-type intramolecular cyclization of O-homoallyl benzimidates with Cu(OAc)2 as oxidant under Pd-catalysis to deliver 4-methylene-1,3-oxazines, whereas dimerization of O-homoallyl benzimidates with K2S2O8 as oxidant resulted remarkably in benzohydrazonates (azines). The reaction is atom economic with an easily operational procedure for divergent synthesis of important scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashvin J Gangani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Liu H, Li Y, Yang Z, Ge Q, Wu Z, Zhang W. Pd‐Catalyzed Aerobic Intermolecular 1,2‐Diamination of Conjugated Dienes: Regio‐ and Chemoselective Synthesis of Piperazines and 2‐Piperazinones. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201808. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huikang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yunyi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 P. R. China
| | - Qianyi Ge
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 P. R. China
| | - Zhengxing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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4
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Ge Q, Meng J, Liu H, Yang Z, Wu Z, Zhang W. Palladium‐catalyzed long‐range isomerization of aryl olefins. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Ge
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Jingjie Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Huikang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Zhengxing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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5
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Yang X, Chen P, Liu G. Asymmetric Palladium-Catalyzed Aza-Wacker Reaction of Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of Chiral 1,3-Oxazinan-2-ones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202208021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Zhai L, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Huang SH, Zhu L, Hong R. A Bridge to Alkaloid Synthesis. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100197. [PMID: 34473401 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a structurally rigid architecture with chiral complexity, necessary to enhance the interaction with binding sites of drug targets, has been adapted as an intriguing approach in drug development. In the past few years, we have been interested in the synthesis of biologically significant and bridged alkaloids via novel synthetic methods and strategies based on recognition of the privileged pattern. Therefore, nitroso-ene and aza-Wacker cyclizations were elevated for the first time to construct bridged alkaloids, such as hosieine A, kopsone, melinonine-E and strychnoxanthine. Mechanistic investigations, including computational calculations for nitroso-ene reaction and deuterated experiments for aza-Wacker reaction, enable us to gain more insights into the chemical reactivity and selectivity of specific functional groups in developing viable synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhai
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 101419, PR China, CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ye Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 101419, PR China, CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 101419, PR China, CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Sha-Hua Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Lili Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 101419, PR China, CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ran Hong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 101419, PR China, CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
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7
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Sen A, Zhu L, Takizawa S, Takenaka K, Sasai H. Synthesis of Allylamine Derivatives
via
Intermolecular Aza‐Wacker‐Type Reaction Promoted by Palladium‐SPRIX Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Present Address: RIKENCenter for Sustainable Resource Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Linpeng Zhu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takenaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Present Address: National Institute of TechnologyKagawa College 551 Kohda, Takuma-cho, Mitoyo-shi Kagawa 769-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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8
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Thomas AA, Nagamalla S, Sathyamoorthi S. Salient features of the aza-Wacker cyclization reaction. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8073-8088. [PMID: 34123081 PMCID: PMC8163389 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramolecular aza-Wacker reaction has unparalleled potential for the site-selective amination of olefins, but it is perhaps underappreciated relative to other alkene oxidations. The first part of this review makes the distinction between classical and tethered aza-Wacker cyclization reactions and summarizes examples of the latter. The second portion focuses on developments in asymmetric aza-Wacker cyclization technology. The final part of the review summarizes applications of all classes of aza-Wacker cyclization reactions to natural product assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Anna Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
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9
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Guo Y, Zhao J, Zhang Q. Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridazines
via
Pd‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Alkenyl Hydrazones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin ProvinceNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 345 Lingling Rd Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
This communication discloses the first examples of aza-Wacker cyclizations of sulfamate esters. Within the realm of related cyclization reactions, this protocol is differential in that it forms six-membered rings in good yield and uses catalytic amounts of palladium(0) rather than palladium(II) salts. These reactions scale well, and their products are demonstrated to be valuable synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand H. Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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11
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Fernandes RA, Jha AK, Kumar P. Recent advances in Wacker oxidation: from conventional to modern variants and applications. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the well-known Wacker oxidation process from conventional to modern variants and applications to natural products' synthesis are compiled in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Amit K. Jha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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12
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Xu F, Korch KM, Watson DA. Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza-Heck Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13448-13451. [PMID: 31310448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an aza-Heck cyclization that allows the preparation of indoline scaffolds is described. Using N-hydroxy anilines as electrophiles, which can be easily accessed from the corresponding nitroarenes, this method provides indolines bearing pendant functionality and complex ring topologies. Synthesis of challenging indolines, such as those bearing fully substituted carbon atoms at C2, is also possible using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Katerina M Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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13
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Xu F, Korch KM, Watson DA. Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza‐Heck Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Katerina M. Korch
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Donald A. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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14
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Abstract
At the advent of cross-coupling chemistry, carbon electrophiles based on halides or pseudohalides were the only suitable electrophilic coupling partners. Almost two decades passed before the first cross-coupling reaction of heteroatom-based electrophiles was reported. Early work by Murai and Tanaka initiated investigations into silicon electrophiles. Narasaka and Johnson pioneered the way in the use of nitrogen electrophiles, while Suginome began the exploration of boron electrophiles. The chemistry reviewed within provides perspective on the use of heteroatomic electrophiles, specifically silicon-, nitrogen-, boron-, oxygen-, and phosphorus-based electrophiles in transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling. For the purposes of this review, a loose definition of cross-coupling is utilized; all reactions minimally proceed via an oxidative addition event. Although not cross-coupling in a traditional sense, we have also included catalyzed reactions that join a heteroatomic electrophile with an in situ generated nucleophile. However, for brevity, those involving hydroamination or C-H activation as a key step are largely excluded. This work includes primary references published up to and including October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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15
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Tian Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang X, He W. Pd II
/Novel Chiral Cinchona Alkaloid Oxazoline-Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative Cyclization of Aromatic Alkenyl Amides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Tian
- Department of Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; The Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; The Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; The Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Wang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; The Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; The Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an People's Republic of China
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16
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Ye C, Kou X, Yang G, Shen J, Zhang W. PhI(OAc)2-mediated alkoxyoxygenation of β,γ-unsaturated ketoximes: Preparation of isoxazolines bearing two contiguous tetrasubstituted carbons. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Sen A, Takenaka K, Sasai H. Enantioselective Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization Promoted by Pd-SPRIX Catalyst. Org Lett 2018; 20:6827-6831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takenaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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18
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Luo J, Xie C, Zhang Y, Huang SH, Zhu L, Hong R. Total syntheses of melinonine-E and strychnoxanthine: Evolution of the synthetic strategy enabled by novel method development. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Kou X, Shao Q, Ye C, Yang G, Zhang W. Asymmetric Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization of N-Ts Hydrazine-Tethered Tetrasubstituted Olefins: Synthesis of Pyrazolines Bearing One Quaternary or Two Vicinal Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7587-7597. [PMID: 29804449 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an asymmetric aza-Wacker-type cyclization of N-Ts hydrazine-tethered tetrasubstituted olefins, affording optically active pyrazolines bearing chiral tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. This reaction is tolerant to a broad range of substrates under mild reaction conditions, giving the desired chiral products with high enantioselectivities. Generation of two vicinal stereocenters on the C═C double bonds was also achieved with high selectivities, a process which has been rarely studied for Wacker-type reactions. A mechanistic study revealed that this aza-Wacker-type cyclization undergoes a syn-aminopalladation process. It was also found that for substrates bearing two linear alkyl substituents on the outer carbon atom of the olefin, both of which are larger than a methyl group, the alkyl substituent that is cis to the intranucleophilic group participates more readily in β-hydride elimination. When one of the two alkyl substituents on the outer carbon atom of the olefin is a methyl group, β-hydride elimination proceeds selectively at the methylene side, thus both diastereomers can be prepared via switching the configuration of the olefin. Furthermore, the product can be converted to a pharmaceutical compound in high yields over three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Kou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Qihang Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Chenghao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
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20
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Ye C, Kou X, Xia J, Yang G, Kong L, Wei Q, Zhang W. Pd II -Catalyzed Oxidative Tandem aza-Wacker/Heck Cyclization for the Construction of Fused 5,6-Bicyclic N,O-Heterocycles. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1897-1901. [PMID: 29851272 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A PdII -catalyzed oxidative tandem cyclization was developed for the construction of fused 5,6-bicyclic N, O-heterocycles. This reaction was enabled by the combined use of a 3-methylpyridine ligand and pentafluorobenzoic acid additive. A range of heterocyclic products with different substituents could be prepared in moderate to good yields via this methodology. Several transformations, including a scaled-up preparation of product 2 a, were also carried out showing the good applicability of our methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuezhen Kou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingzhao Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Kong
- 6th People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 6600 Nanfeng Hwy, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Quhao Wei
- 6th People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 6600 Nanfeng Hwy, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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21
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Qi X, Chen C, Hou C, Fu L, Chen P, Liu G. Enantioselective Pd(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative 6-endo Aminoacetoxylation of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7415-7419. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chaohuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Catalytic Aza-Wacker Annulation: Tuning Mechanism by the Activation Mode of Amide and Enantioselective Syntheses of Melinonine-E and Strychnoxanthine. Org Lett 2018; 20:2386-2390. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Yang G, Zhang W. Renaissance of pyridine-oxazolines as chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1783-1810. [PMID: 29469141 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxazoline-containing ligands have been widely employed in numerous asymmetric catalytic reactions. Pyridine-oxazoline-type ligands, a class of hybrid ligands, were designed earlier than bisoxazoline and phosphine-oxazoline ligands; however, their unique properties have only been discovered recently. Pyridine-oxazoline-type chiral ligands are rapidly becoming popular for use in asymmetric catalysis, especially for several new and efficient asymmetric methodologies. Several types of challenging asymmetric reactions have been discovered recently using pyridine-oxazoline-type ligands showing their special properties and potential for future application in a wide range of new catalytic methodologies. This review provides an overview of this field, with the aim of highlighting both ligand design and synthetic methodology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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24
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Bao X, Wang Q, Zhu J. Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Aza-Wacker Reaction: Development and Application to the Total Synthesis of (−)-Mesembrane and (+)-Crinane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bao
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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25
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Bao X, Wang Q, Zhu J. Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Aza-Wacker Reaction: Development and Application to the Total Synthesis of (-)-Mesembrane and (+)-Crinane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1995-1999. [PMID: 29314546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported is an unprecedented catalytic enantioselective desymmetrizing aza-Wacker reaction. In the presence of a catalytic amount of a newly developed Pd(CPA)2 (MeCN)2 catalyst (CPA=chiral phosphoric acid), a pyrox ligand, and molecular oxygen, cyclization of properly functionalized prochiral 3,3-disubstituted cyclohexa-1,4-dienes afforded enantioenriched cis-3a-substituted tetrahydroindoles in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. A cooperative effect between the phosphoric acid and the pyrox ligand ensured efficient transformation. This reaction was tailor-made for Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium alkaloids as illustrated by its application in the development of the concise and divergent total synthesis of (-)-mesembrane and (+)-crinane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bao
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Wang D, Weinstein AB, White PB, Stahl SS. Ligand-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2636-2679. [PMID: 28975795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions have been the focus of industrial application and extensive research efforts for nearly 60 years. A significant transition occurred in this field approximately 20 years ago, with the introduction of catalysts supported by ancillary ligands. The ligands play crucial roles in the reactions, including promotion of direct oxidation of palladium(0) by O2, bypassing the typical requirement for Cu salts or related redox cocatalysts to facilitate oxidation of the reduced Pd catalyst; facilitation of key bond-breaking and bond-forming steps during substrate oxidation; and modulation of chemo-, regio-, or stereoselectivity of a reaction. The use of ligands has contributed to significant expansion of the scope of accessible aerobic oxidation reactions. Increased understanding of the role of ancillary ligands should promote the development of new synthetic transformations, enable improved control over the reaction selectivity, and improve catalyst activity and stability. This review surveys the different ligands that have been used to support palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions and, where possible, describes mechanistic insights into the role played by the ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Adam B Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Paul B White
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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27
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Aebly AH, Rainey TJ. Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular oxidative amination utilizing (+)-camphorsulfonic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Pd(II)-catalyzed aerobic intermolecular 1,4-diamination of conjugated dienes: A regioselective [4+4] annulation for the construction of medium-ring 1,6-benzodiazocine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Guo JY, Minko Y, Santiago CB, Sigman MS. Developing Comprehensive Computational Parameter Sets To Describe the Performance of Pyridine-Oxazoline and Related Ligands. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yury Minko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Celine B. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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30
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Zhang W, Chen P, Liu G. Enantioselective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminoarylation of Alkenes by Dual N−H and Aryl C−H Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5336-5340. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules; Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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31
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Zhang W, Chen P, Liu G. Enantioselective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminoarylation of Alkenes by Dual N−H and Aryl C−H Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules; Ministry of Education; Jiangxi Normal University; 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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32
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Xu C, Wu Z, Chen J, Xie F, Zhang W. Palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic intramolecular allylic C H activation for the synthesis of indolines. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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34
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Shuler SA, Yin G, Krause SB, Vesper CM, Watson DA. Synthesis of Secondary Unsaturated Lactams via an Aza-Heck Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13830-13833. [PMID: 27754648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of unsaturated secondary lactams via the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of O-phenyl hydroxamates onto a pendent alkene is reported. This method provides rapid access to a broad range of lactams that are widely useful building blocks in alkaloid synthesis. Mechanistic studies support an aza-Heck-type pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Shuler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Guoyin Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sarah B Krause
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caroline M Vesper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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35
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Vellakkaran M, Andappan MMS, Nagaiah K, Nanubolu JB. Direct Synthesis of γ-Keto Sulfones from Allylic Alcohols: One-Pot Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Generation of Enones Followed by Water-Mediated 1,4-Addition of Organosulfinates. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Vellakkaran
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | | | - Kommu Nagaiah
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Lab of X-ray Crystallography; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500 007 Hyderabad India
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36
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Holder JC, Shockley SE, Wiesenfeldt MP, Shimizu H, Stoltz BM. Preparation of ( S)- tert-ButylPyOx and Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids. ORGANIC SYNTHESES; AN ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF SATISFACTORY METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2016; 92:10.1002/0471264229.os092.19. [PMID: 31057190 PMCID: PMC6499391 DOI: 10.1002/0471264229.os092.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Holder
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Samantha E Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Mario P Wiesenfeldt
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Hideki Shimizu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
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37
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Kou X, Li Y, Wu L, Zhang X, Yang G, Zhang W. Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Aminooxygenation of Alkenes for Preparation of Isoindolinones. Org Lett 2015; 17:5566-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Kou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Li
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Liang Wu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- School
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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38
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Hu H, Tian J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Shi F, Wang X, Kan Y, Wang C. Aza-Wacker-type reaction between electron-deficient olefins and N-alkylsulfonamides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2842-7. [PMID: 25679544 DOI: 10.1021/jo502823m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed oxidative amination protocol of electron-deficient olefins by aza-Wacker-type reaction with N-alkylsulfonamides was developed. The presence of the stoichiometric amount of methanesulfonic acid was crucial for the success of this transformation. The reactions were conducted in green solvent under mild conditions and scalable with excellent E-type stereoselectivity. In addition, a Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalytic cycle with the existence of a very strong oxidant (Selectfluor) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayou Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, P. R. China
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39
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Kaur N. Palladium Catalysts: Synthesis of Five-MemberedN-Heterocycles Fused with Other Heterocycles. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2014.976118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Holder JC, Zou L, Marziale AN, Liu P, Lan Y, Gatti M, Kikushima K, Houk KN, Stoltz BM. Mechanism and enantioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to β-substituted cyclic enones: insights from computation and experiment. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14996-5007. [PMID: 24028424 DOI: 10.1021/ja401713g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective conjugate additions of arylboronic acids to β-substituted cyclic enones have been previously reported from our laboratories. Air- and moisture-tolerant conditions were achieved with a catalyst derived in situ from palladium(II) trifluoroacetate and the chiral ligand (S)-t-BuPyOx. We now report a combined experimental and computational investigation on the mechanism, the nature of the active catalyst, the origins of the enantioselectivity, and the stereoelectronic effects of the ligand and the substrates of this transformation. Enantioselectivity is controlled primarily by steric repulsions between the t-Bu group of the chiral ligand and the α-methylene hydrogens of the enone substrate in the enantiodetermining carbopalladation step. Computations indicate that the reaction occurs via formation of a cationic arylpalladium(II) species, and subsequent carbopalladation of the enone olefin forms the key carbon-carbon bond. Studies of nonlinear effects and stoichiometric and catalytic reactions of isolated (PyOx)Pd(Ph)I complexes show that a monomeric arylpalladium-ligand complex is the active species in the selectivity-determining step. The addition of water and ammonium hexafluorophosphate synergistically increases the rate of the reaction, corroborating the hypothesis that a cationic palladium species is involved in the reaction pathway. These additives also allow the reaction to be performed at 40 °C and facilitate an expanded substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Holder
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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41
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Engle KM, Yu JQ. Developing ligands for palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H functionalization: intimate dialogue between ligand and substrate. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8927-55. [PMID: 23565982 PMCID: PMC3779523 DOI: 10.1021/jo400159y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous transition-metal-catalyzed reactions are indispensable to all facets of modern chemical synthesis. It is thus difficult to imagine that for much of the early 20th century, the reactivity and selectivity of all known homogeneous metal catalysts paled in comparison to their heterogeneous and biological counterparts. In the intervening decades, advances in ligand design bridged this divide, such that today some of the most demanding bond-forming events are mediated by ligand-supported homogeneous metal species. While ligand design has propelled many areas of homogeneous catalysis, in the field of Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H functionalization, suitable ligand scaffolds are lacking, which has hampered the development of broadly practical transformations based on C-H functionalization logic. In this Perspective, we offer an account of our research employing three ligand scaffolds, mono-N-protected amino acids, 2,6-disubstituted pyridines, and 2,2'-bipyridines, to address challenges posed by several synthetically versatile substrate classes. Drawing on this work, we discuss principles of ligand design, such as the need to match a ligand to a particular substrate class, and how ligand traits such as tunability and modularity can be advantageous in reaction discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037
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42
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Shimizu H, Holder JC, Stoltz BM. A scalable synthesis of the (S)-4-(tert-butyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole ((S)-t-BuPyOx) ligand. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1637-42. [PMID: 24062823 PMCID: PMC3778391 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of the (S)-4-(tert-butyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole ((S)-t-BuPyOx) ligand has been developed. Inconsistent yields and tedious purification in known routes to (S)-t-BuPyOx suggested the need for an efficient, dependable, and scalable synthetic route. Furthermore, a route suitable for the synthesis of PyOx derivatives is desirable. Herein, we describe the development of a three-step route from inexpensive and commercially available picolinic acid. This short procedure is amenable to multi-gram scale synthesis and provides the target ligand in 64% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Shimizu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA ; Shionogi & Co., Ltd. 1-3, Kuise Terajima 2-chome Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
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43
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Miyaji R, Asano K, Matsubara S. Asymmetric Indoline Synthesis via Intramolecular Aza-Michael Addition Mediated by Bifunctional Organocatalysts. Org Lett 2013; 15:3658-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Miyaji
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Asano
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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44
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Asymmetric palladium-catalysed intramolecular Wacker-type cyclisations of unsaturated alcohols and amino alcohols. Molecules 2013; 18:6173-92. [PMID: 23708231 PMCID: PMC6270647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium (II)-catalysed reactions of alkenols and aminoalkenols such as oxycarbonylations or bicyclisations are powerful methods for the construction of oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. This review highlights recent progress in the development of the asymmetric palladium(II)-catalysed Wacker-type cyclisations of unsaturated polyols and aminoalcohols. The scope, limitations, and applications of these reactions are presented.
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45
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De Crisci AG, Chung K, Oliver AG, Solis-Ibarra D, Waymouth RM. Chemoselective Oxidation of Polyols with Chiral Palladium Catalysts. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G. De Crisci
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
94305, United States
| | - Kevin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
94305, United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Molecular
Structure Facility, Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame,
Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
94305, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
94305, United States
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46
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Ye X, White PB, Stahl SS. Mechanistic studies of Wacker-type amidocyclization of alkenes catalyzed by (IMes)Pd(TFA)2(H2O): kinetic and stereochemical implications of proton transfer. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2083-90. [PMID: 23157332 PMCID: PMC3586306 DOI: 10.1021/jo302266t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemical course of the amidopalladation of alkenes has important implications for the development of enantioselective Pd-catalyzed "Wacker-type" oxidative amidation of alkenes. We have recently shown that the addition of base (Na2CO3) can alter the stereochemical course of amidopalladation in the (IMes)Pd(TFA)2(H2O)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amidation of alkene. In this study, the mechanism of (IMes)Pd(TFA)2(H2O)-catalyzed oxidative heterocyclization of (Z)-4-hexenyltosylamide was investigated in the presence and absence of exogenous base Na2CO3. The results reveal two parallel pathways in the absence of base: a cis-amidopalladation pathway with turnover-limiting deprotonation of the sulfonamide nucleophile and a trans-amidopalladation pathway with turnover-limiting nucleophilic attack of sulfonamide on the coordinated alkene. The addition of base (Na2CO3) lowers the energy barrier associated with the proton transfer, leading to an overall faster turnover rate and exclusive cis-amidopalladation of alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul B. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Wang X, Wu Z, Zhu X, Ye C, Jiang F, Zhang W. A Pd(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization for the Preparation of Aryl-Fused Six-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles with 2-Acetoxy Functionality. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Weinstein AB, Stahl SS. Reconciling the stereochemical course of nucleopalladation with the development of enantioselective wacker-type cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11505-9. [PMID: 23074039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Weinstein AB, Stahl SS. Reconciling the Stereochemical Course of Nucleopalladation with the Development of Enantioselective Wacker-Type Cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Yang G, Shen C, Zhang W. An Asymmetric Aerobic Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization: Synthesis of Isoindolinones Bearing Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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