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Abstract
Metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of alkynes, i.e., the addition of Y–H units (Y = heteroatom or carbon) across the carbon–carbon triple bond, have attracted enormous attention for decades since they allow the straightforward and atom-economic access to a wide variety of functionalized olefins and, in its intramolecular version, to relevant heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds. Despite conjugated 1,3-diynes being considered key building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry, this particular class of alkynes has been much less employed in hydrofunctionalization reactions when compared to terminal or internal monoynes. The presence of two C≡C bonds in conjugated 1,3-diynes adds to the classical regio- and stereocontrol issues associated with the alkyne hydrofunctionalization processes’ other problems, such as the possibility to undergo 1,2-, 3,4-, or 1,4-monoadditions as well as double addition reactions, thus increasing the number of potential products that can be formed. In this review article, metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of these challenging substrates are comprehensively discussed.
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Abstract
This review highlights the hydroelementation reactions of conjugated and separated diynes, which depending on the process conditions, catalytic system, as well as the type of reagents, leads to the formation of various products: enynes, dienes, allenes, polymers, or cyclic compounds. The presence of two triple bonds in the diyne structure makes these compounds important reagents but selective product formation is often difficult owing to problems associated with maintaining appropriate reaction regio- and stereoselectivity. Herein we review this topic to gain knowledge on the reactivity of diynes and to systematise the range of information relating to their use in hydroelementation reactions. The review is divided according to the addition of the E-H (E = Mg, B, Al, Si, Ge, Sn, N, P, O, S, Se, Te) bond to the triple bond(s) in the diyne, as well as to the type of the reagent used, and the product formed. Not only are the hydroelementation reactions comprehensively discussed, but the synthetic potential of the obtained products is also presented. The majority of published research is included within this review, illustrating the potential as well as limitations of these processes, with the intent to showcase the power of these transformations and the obtained products in synthesis and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Walkowiak
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan.
| | - Jakub Szyling
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan. .,Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrian Franczyk
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan.
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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Cao C, Zhang L, Zhou G, Dan W, Wang X, Zhao X. Application of DMSO in the Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted (But-1-en-3-ynyl)methylthioethers. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Siping Road 1239 Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Siping Road 1239 Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Siping Road 1239 Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Siping Road 1239 Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Siping Road 1239 Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Siping Road 1239 Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
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Glycerol as Precursor of Organoselanyl and Organotellanyl Alkynes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030391. [PMID: 28257120 PMCID: PMC6155406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the synthesis of organoselanyl and organotellanyl alkynes by the addition of lithium alkynylchalcogenolate (Se and Te) to tosyl solketal, easily obtained from glycerol. The alkynylchalcogenolate anions were generated in situ and added to tosyl solketal in short reaction times, furnishing in all cases the respective products of substitution in good yields. Some of the prepared compounds were deprotected using an acidic resin to afford new water-soluble 3-organotellanylpropane-1,2-diols. The synthetic versatility of the new chalcogenyl alkynes was demonstrated in the iodocyclization of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolanylmethyl(2-methoxyphenylethynyl)selane 3f, which afforded 3-iodo-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolanylmethyl) selenanylbenzo[b]furan in 85% yield, opening a new way to access water-soluble Se-functionalized benzo[b]furanes.
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Lumpi D, Steindl J, Steiner S, Carl V, Kautny P, Schön M, Glöcklhofer F, Holzer B, Stöger B, Horkel E, Hametner C, Reider G, Mihovilovic MD, Fröhlich J. Thiophene ring-fragmentation reactions: Principles and scale-up towards NLO materials. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Selective synthesis of 4-thiomethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones under microwave irradiation using an environmentally benign KF/Al2O3/PEG-400 system. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Perin G, Alves D, Jacob RG, Barcellos AM, Soares LK, Lenardão EJ. Synthesis of Organochalcogen Compounds using Non-Conventional Reaction Media. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201500031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL -; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel -; P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS - Brazil, Tel: +55 (53) 3275-7533
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL -; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel -; P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS - Brazil, Tel: +55 (53) 3275-7533
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL -; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel -; P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS - Brazil, Tel: +55 (53) 3275-7533
| | - Angelita M. Barcellos
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL -; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel -; P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS - Brazil, Tel: +55 (53) 3275-7533
| | - Liane K. Soares
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL -; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel -; P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS - Brazil, Tel: +55 (53) 3275-7533
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL -; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel -; P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS - Brazil, Tel: +55 (53) 3275-7533
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Bassaco MM, Fortes MP, Kaufman TS, Silveira CC. Metal-free synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1H- and 1-aryl-1H-pyrazoles from 1,3-diyne-indole derivatives employing two successive hydroaminations. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncatalyzed synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1H- and 1-aryl-1H-pyrazoles derived from 1,3-diyne indoles was successfully carried out in PEG 400. The scope and limitations of the reaction were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M. Bassaco
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Margiani P. Fortes
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
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Pal S, Khan MN, Choudhury LH. KF/Al2O3Mediated Multicomponent Reactions for the Efficient Synthesis of Highly Substituted Dihydropyridines. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patliputra Colony Patna 800 013 India
| | - Md. Nasim Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patliputra Colony Patna 800 013 India
| | - Lokman H. Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patliputra Colony Patna 800 013 India
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Wolfson A, Dlugy C, Mordechaiev I, Sliman T, Tavor D. Glycerol − glycerol triacetate mixtures as green reaction mediums. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three representative organic reactions were performed in various glycerol−triacetin mixtures to tune the polarity of the reaction mixture and thus to increase both the solubility of reactants and the product yields. In all reactions, it was found that reaction performance was affected by the glycerol to triacetin ratio as the solubility of the substrates in the solvent determined product yield. Thereby, employing optimal glycerol to triacetin ratio will result in maximum product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wolfson
- Green Processes Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, 36 Bialik Sts., Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - C. Dlugy
- Green Processes Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, 36 Bialik Sts., Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - I. Mordechaiev
- Green Processes Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, 36 Bialik Sts., Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - T. Sliman
- Green Processes Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, 36 Bialik Sts., Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - D. Tavor
- Green Processes Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, 36 Bialik Sts., Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
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Glycerol/CuI/Zn as a recyclable catalytic system for synthesis of vinyl sulfides and tellurides. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Thurow S, Webber R, Perin G, Lenardão EJ, Alves D. Glycerol/hypophosphorous acid: an efficient system solvent-reducing agent for the synthesis of 2-organylselanyl pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Improvement in the synthesis of (Z)-organylthioenynes via hydrothiolation of buta-1,3-diynes: a comparative study using NaOH or TBAOH as base. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mei H, Xiong Y, Qian Y, Han J, Li G, Pan Y. Na3PO4-catalyzed aminochlorination reaction of β-nitrostyrenes in water. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gupta S, Agarwal PK, Saifuddin M, Kundu B. Hydro-amination/-amidation of 1,3-diynes with indoles/azoles/amides under modified Ullmann conditions: stereo- and regio-selective synthesis of N-alkenynes via N–H bond activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Radatz CS, Silva RB, Perin G, Lenardão EJ, Jacob RG, Alves D. Catalyst-free synthesis of benzodiazepines and benzimidazoles using glycerol as recyclable solvent. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Díaz-Álvarez AE, Francos J, Lastra-Barreira B, Crochet P, Cadierno V. Glycerol and derived solvents: new sustainable reaction media for organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6208-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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