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Chrenko D, Pospíšil J. Latest Developments of the Julia-Kocienski Olefination Reaction: Mechanistic Considerations. Molecules 2024; 29:2719. [PMID: 38930785 PMCID: PMC11206144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, the Julia-Kocienski olefination reaction has over past 30 years become one of the key C-C connective methods that is used in late-stage natural product synthesis. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions, with a wide substrate scope and functional group tolerance range and with high (E) selectivity. In this focused review, we discuss the reaction from a mechanistic point of view and disclose key features that play an important role in reaction selectivity. Finally, the mechanistic aspects of the newly developed modification of the Julia-Kocienski reaction, which allows the formation of both (E) and (Z) olefins from the same reaction partners, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chrenko
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Gwinn JK, Uhlig S, Ivanova L, Fæste CK, Kryuchkov F, Robertson A. In Vitro Glucuronidation of Caribbean Ciguatoxins in Fish: First Report of Conjugative Ciguatoxin Metabolites. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1910-1925. [PMID: 34319092 PMCID: PMC9215509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTX) are potent marine neurotoxins, which can bioaccumulate in seafood, causing a severe and prevalent human illness known as ciguatera poisoning (CP). Despite the worldwide impact of ciguatera, effective disease management is hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding the movement and biotransformation of CTX congeners in marine food webs, particularly in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic. In this study we investigated the hepatic biotransformation of C-CTX across several fish and mammalian species through a series of in vitro metabolism assays focused on phase I (CYP P450; functionalization) and phase II (UGT; conjugation) reactions. Using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry to explore potential C-CTX metabolites, we observed two glucuronide products of C-CTX-1/-2 and provided additional evidence from high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to support their identification. Chemical reduction experiments confirmed that the metabolites were comprised of four distinct glucuronide products with the sugar attached at two separate sites on C-CTX-1/-2 and excluded the C-56 hydroxyl group as the conjugation site. Glucuronidation is a novel biotransformation pathway not yet reported for CTX or other related polyether phycotoxins, yet its occurrence across all fish species tested suggests that it could be a prevalent and important detoxification mechanism in marine organisms. The absence of glucuronidation observed in this study for both rat and human microsomes suggests that alternate biotransformation pathways may be dominant in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kay Gwinn
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, United States
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås NO-1431, Norway
| | - Lada Ivanova
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås NO-1431, Norway
| | | | - Fedor Kryuchkov
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås NO-1431, Norway
| | - Alison Robertson
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, United States
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, United States
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Lindner F, Friedrich S, Hahn F. Total Synthesis of Complex Biosynthetic Late-Stage Intermediates and Bioconversion by a Tailoring Enzyme from Jerangolid Biosynthesis. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14091-14101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Lindner
- Professur für Organische Chemie (Lebensmittelchemie), Department of Chemistry, Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Steffen Friedrich
- Professur für Organische Chemie (Lebensmittelchemie), Department of Chemistry, Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frank Hahn
- Professur für Organische Chemie (Lebensmittelchemie), Department of Chemistry, Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Soliño L, Costa PR. Differential toxin profiles of ciguatoxins in marine organisms: Chemistry, fate and global distribution. Toxicon 2018; 150:124-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Fuwa H, Sasaki M. Exploiting Ruthenium Carbene-Catalyzed Reactions in Total Synthesis of Marine Oxacyclic Natural Products. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fuwa H, Fukazawa R, Sasaki M. Concise synthesis of the A/BCD-ring fragment of gambieric acid A. Front Chem 2015; 2:116. [PMID: 25629027 PMCID: PMC4292782 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambieric acid A (GAA) and its congeners belong to the family of marine polycyclic ether natural products. Their highly complex molecular architecture and unique biological activities have been of intense interest within the synthetic community. We have previously reported the first total synthesis, stereochemical reassignment, and preliminary structure–activity relationships of GAA. Here we disclose a concise synthesis of the A/BCD-ring fragment of GAA. The synthesis started from our previously reported synthetic intermediate that represents the A/B-ring. The C-ring was synthesized via an oxiranyl anion coupling and a 6-endo cyclization, and the D-ring was forged by means of an oxidative lactonization and subsequent palladium-catalyzed functionalization of the lactone ring. In this manner, the number of linear synthetic steps required for the construction of the C- and D-rings was reduced from 22 to 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fuwa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
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Sasaki M, Fuwa H. Total synthesis and complete structural assignment of gambieric acid A, a large polycyclic ether marine natural product. CHEM REC 2014; 14:678-703. [PMID: 25092231 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
More than thirty years after the discovery of polycyclic ether marine natural products, they continue to receive intense attention from the chemical, biological, and pharmacological communities because of their potent biological activities and highly complex molecular architectures. Gambieric acids are intriguing polycyclic ethers that exhibit potent antifungal activity with minimal toxicity against mammals. Despite the recent advances in the synthesis of this class of natural products, gambieric acids remain unconquered due to their daunting structural complexity, which poses a formidable synthetic challenge to organic chemists. This paper reviews our long-term studies on the total synthesis, complete configurational reassignment, and structure-activity relationships of gambieric acid A over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun He
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jesse Ling
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Ishigai K, Fuwa H, Hashizume K, Fukazawa R, Cho Y, Yotsu-Yamashita M, Sasaki M. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of (+)-gambieric acid A and its analogues. Chemistry 2013; 19:5276-88. [PMID: 23554126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the first total synthesis and complete stereostructure of gambieric acid A, a potent antifungal polycyclic ether metabolite, in detail. The A/B-ring exocyclic enol ether 32 was prepared through a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of the B-ring vinyl iodide 18 and the alkylborate 33 and subsequent closure of the A-ring by using diastereoselective bromoetherification as the key transformation. Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 32 with acetate-derived enol phosphate 49, followed by ring-closing metathesis of the derived diene, produced the D-ring. Subsequent closure of the C-ring through a mixed thioacetalization completed the synthesis of the A/BCD-ring fragment 8. The A/BCD- and F'GHIJ-ring fragments (i.e., 8 and 9) were assembled through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. The C25 stereogenic center was elaborated by exploiting the intrinsic conformational property of the seven-membered F'-ring. After the oxidative cleavage of the F'-ring, the E-ring was formed as a cyclic mixed thioacetal (i.e., 70) and then stereoselectively allylated by using glycosylation chemistry. Ring-closing metathesis of the diene 3 thus obtained closed the F-ring and completed the polycyclic ether skeleton. Finally, the J-ring side chain was introduced by using a Julia-Kocienski olefination in the presence of CeCl3 to complete the total synthesis of gambieric acid A (1), thereby unambiguously establishing its complete stereostructure. The present total synthesis enabled us to evaluate the antifungal and antiproliferative activities of 1 and several synthetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ishigai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Fuwa H, Ishigai K, Hashizume K, Sasaki M. Total synthesis and complete stereostructure of gambieric acid A. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11984-7. [PMID: 22779404 DOI: 10.1021/ja305864z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis of gambieric acid A, a potent antifungal polycyclic ether metabolite, has been accomplished for the first time, which firmly established the complete stereostructure of this natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fuwa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Bartlett SL, Beaudry CM. High-yielding oxidation of β-hydroxyketones to β-diketones using o-iodoxybenzoic acid. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9852-5. [PMID: 22023037 DOI: 10.1021/jo201810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of β-hydroxyketones to β-diketones was systematically investigated. o-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) was found to be efficient, operationally easy, and superior to other common oxidants. The reaction is suitable for milligram- to gram-scale oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Tsubone K, Hashizume K, Fuwa H, Sasaki M. Studies toward the total synthesis of gambieric acids, potent antifungal polycyclic ethers: convergent synthesis of a fully elaborated GHIJ-ring fragment. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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