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Sankara CS, Namboothiri INN. Hauser-Kraus Annulation Initiated Multi-Cascade Reactions for Facile Access to Functionalized and Fused Oxazepines, Carbazoles and Phenanthridinediones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303517. [PMID: 37946675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hauser-Kraus (H-K) annulation of N-unsubstituted 3-olefinic oxindoles with 3-nucleophilic phthalides triggers a cascade of ring expansion and ring contraction reactions through several regioselective steps in one pot. While oxazepines were isolated in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of base at room temperature, carbazoles and phenanthridinediones were the products in the presence of excess base and microwave irradiation. Mechanistic studies guided by stepwise reactions and control experiments revealed that the isolable oxazepine intermediate, formed via ring expansion of the H-K adduct, is the key precursor to carbazole and phenanthridinedione via decarboxylative regioselective cyclizations.
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Bai YB, Zhang M, Li D, Zhao Y, Huang LZ, Gao JM. Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Derivatives of the Natural Product Griseofulvin against Phytopathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6236-6248. [PMID: 37061927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are important sources for the discovery of new pesticides. Chemical synthesis and structural modification can lead to pesticides. Despite abundant research in fungicide discovery for crop protection, there is an emerging need for the development of novel antifungal agrochemicals. Herein, 39 diversified griseofulvin derivatives were effectively synthesized from the natural product griseofulvin by diversity-oriented synthesis through the reactions of demethylation, ammonolysis, methylation, nitration, acylation, reduction, and chlorination. Among them, 31 derivatives were novel. All structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and the antifungal activity was investigated against five phytopathogenic fungi. Compounds 5h and 5l had excellent activity against Botrytis cinerea (5h, IC50 = 17.29 ± 0.64 μg/mL) and Alternaria solani (5l, IC50 = 22.52 ± 0.79 μg/mL), respectively. Compound 9 exhibited the more promising activities against three target fungi, especially against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (IC50 = 7.24 ± 0.66 μg/mL), which is obviously better than positive control hymexazol, thifluzamide, and parent compound griseofulvin. In addition, compound 10 showed significant and extensive activities against four target fungi Cytospora sp. (IC50 = 18.72 ± 0.35 μg/mL), C. gloeosporioides (IC50 = 31.39 ± 1.48 μg/mL), A. solani (IC50 = 40.82 ± 1.04 μg/mL), and Fusarium solani (IC50 = 36.81 ± 0.82 μg/mL). Unexpectedly, 11 and 12, the chlorinated products of compound 9, exhibited the most promising activity against C. gloeosporioides (IC50 = 4.48 ± 0.54 μg/mL for 11, 2.24 ± 0.76 μg/mL for 12). Furthermore, 12 showed remarkable activity against Cytospora sp. (IC50 = 5.85 ± 0.72 μg/mL). Additionally, in vivo antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides, homology modeling, and docking analysis of 11, 12, and griseofulvin were conducted. All results indicated that 11 and 12 had potency as antifungal agents against C. gloeosporioides, and the modifications of the 2' and 4' positions of griseofulvin should be further explored for higher-activity lead compounds or potential agricultural fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Zhu Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Chen C, Ren Z, Sun Z, Sun Z, Shu X, Wang Y, Hu X. Construction of Tetracyclic Core Skeleton of
Cephalotaxus
Diterpenoids through Diastereoselective Pauson‐Khand Reaction. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong‐Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Zhongliu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Zezhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
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Ren Z, Sun Z, Li Y, Fan X, Dai M, Wang Y, Hu X. Total Synthesis of (+)-3-Deoxyfortalpinoid F, (+)-Fortalpinoid A, and (+)-Cephinoid H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18572-18576. [PMID: 34164892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Deoxyfortalpinoid F, fortalpinoid A, and cephinoid H are members of the Cephalotaxus diterpenoids class of natural products, which feature diverse chemical structures and valuable biological activities. We report herein the development of a diastereoselective Pauson-Khand reaction as an effective pathway to access the core tetracyclic skeleton, which is found widely in Cephalotaxus diterpenoids. Furthermore, we enabled the construction of the tropone moiety through a ring-closing metathesis/elimination protocol. Based on the developed strategy, asymmetric synthesis of the title compounds has been achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhongliu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Mingda Dai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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Ren Z, Sun Z, Li Y, Fan X, Dai M, Wang Y, Hu X. Total Synthesis of (+)‐3‐Deoxyfortalpinoid F, (+)‐Fortalpinoid A, and (+)‐Cephinoid H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Zhongliu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Mingda Dai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
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Sharma D, Kumar M, Das P. Synthetic approaches for cyclohexane-1,3-diones: A versatile precursor for bioactive molecules. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1946824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharminder Sharma
- PG Department of Chemistry, JCDAV College Dasuya, Dasuya, Punjab, India
- Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Seraj at Lambathach, Thunag, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pralay Das
- Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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(-)-Shikimic Acid as a Chiral Building Block for the Synthesis of New Cytotoxic 6-Aza-Analogues of Angucyclinones. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061422. [PMID: 29895756 PMCID: PMC6099682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the syntheses of nine new angucyclinone 6-aza-analogues, achieved through a hetero Diels-Alder reaction between the shikimic acid derivative-azadiene 13, with different naphthoquinones. The cytotoxic activity of the new synthesized compounds and five angucyclinones, previously reported, was evaluated in vitro against three cancer cell lines: PC-3 (prostate cancer), HT-29 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and one non-tumoral cell line, human colon epithelial cells (CCD841 CoN). Our results showed that most 6-azadiene derivatives exhibited significant cytotoxic activities, which was demonstrated by their IC50 values (less than 10 μM), especially for the most sensitive cells, PC-3 and HT-29. From a chemical point of view, depending on the protected group of ring A and the pattern of substitution on ring D, cytotoxicity elicited these compounds, in terms of their potency and selectivity. Therefore, according to these chemical features, the most promising agents for every cancer cell line were 7a, 17, and 19c for PC-3 cells; 7a, 17, and 20 for HT-29 cells, and 19a for MCF-7 cells.
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Riss B, Garreau M, Fricero P, Podsiadly P, Berton N, Buchter S. Total synthesis of TMS- ent -bisabolangelone. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Karmakar R, Mal D. Total Synthesis of Chlorocyclinone A, a PPAR-γ Antagonist. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10235-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Dipakranjan Mal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Kharel MK, Pahari P, Shepherd MD, Tibrewal N, Nybo SE, Shaaban KA, Rohr J. Angucyclines: Biosynthesis, mode-of-action, new natural products, and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 29:264-325. [PMID: 22186970 DOI: 10.1039/c1np00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2010. The angucycline group is the largest group of type II PKS-engineered natural products, rich in biological activities and chemical scaffolds. This stimulated synthetic creativity and biosynthetic inquisitiveness. The synthetic studies used five different strategies, involving Diels-Alder reactions, nucleophilic additions, electrophilic additions, transition-metal mediated cross-couplings and intramolecular cyclizations to generate the angucycline frames. Biosynthetic studies were particularly intriguing when unusual framework rearrangements by post-PKS tailoring oxidoreductases occurred, or when unusual glycosylation reactions were involved in decorating the benz[a]anthracene-derived cores. This review follows our previous reviews, which were published in 1992 and 1997, and covers new angucycline group antibiotics published between 1997 and 2010. However, in contrast to the previous reviews, the main focus of this article is on new synthetic approaches and biosynthetic investigations, most of which were published between 1997 and 2010, but go beyond, e.g. for some biosyntheses all the way back to the 1980s, to provide the necessary context of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
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