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An overview of quinoxaline synthesis by green methods: recent reports. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Quinoxalines and their derivatives belong to an important class of bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic system, also known as benzopyrazines, containing a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring. They have attracted considerable attention over the years due to their potential biological and pharmaceutical properties. A wide range of synthetic strategies is reported in this significant area of research. The present review showcases recent research advances in the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives following environmentally benign approaches.
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2,7(3,6)-Diaryl(arylamino)-substituted Carbazoles as Components of OLEDs: A Review of the Last Decade. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226754. [PMID: 34832156 PMCID: PMC8620482 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a new, promising technology in the field of lighting and display applications due to the advantages offered by its organic electroactive derivatives over inorganic materials. OLEDs have prompted a great deal of investigations within academia as well as in industry because of their potential applications. The electroactive layers of OLEDs can be fabricated from low molecular weight derivatives by vapor deposition or from polymers by spin coating from their solution. Among the low-molar-mass compounds under investigation in this field, carbazole-based materials have been studied at length for their useful chemical and electronic characteristics. The carbazole is an electron-rich heterocyclic compound, whose structure can be easily modified by rather simple reactions in order to obtain 2,7(3,6)-diaryl(arylamino)-substituted carbazoles. The substituted derivatives are widely used for the formation of OLEDs due to their good charge carrier injection and transfer characteristics, electroluminescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, improved thermal and morphological stability as well as their thin film forming characteristics. On the other hand, relatively high triplet energies of some substituted carbazole-based compounds make them useful components as host materials even for wide bandgap triplet emitters. The present review focuses on 2,7(3,6)-diaryl(arylamino)-substituted carbazoles, which were described in the last decade and were applied as charge-transporting layers, fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters as well as host materials for OLED devices.
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Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, López AM. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Molecular Heteroleptic Osmium and Iridium Phosphorescent Emitters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María L. Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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Rajalakshmi AV, Palanisami N. Investigation on Y-shaped tri-fluoromethyl substituted quinoxalines: synthesis, optical and morphological studies. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bijesh
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Indore; Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Indore; Indore 453552 India
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Boxi S, Jana D, Parui PP, Ghorai BK. Dibenzo[ a, c]phenazine-Based Donor-Acceptor (D-A) Tetra Branched Molecules: Fine Tuning of Optical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shatabdi Boxi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur; Howrah 711 103 India
| | - Debabrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur; Howrah 711 103 India
| | - Partha P. Parui
- Department of Chemistry; Jadavpur University; Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Binay K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur; Howrah 711 103 India
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Esteruelas MA, Gómez-Bautista D, López AM, Oñate E, Tsai JY, Xia C. η1
-Arene Complexes as Intermediates in the Preparation of Molecular Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:15729-15737. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Daniel Gómez-Bautista
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation; 375 Phillips Boulevard Ewing New Jersey 08618 USA
| | - Chuanjun Xia
- Universal Display Corporation; 375 Phillips Boulevard Ewing New Jersey 08618 USA
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8
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Hou X, Cheng XF, Xiao X, He JH, Xu QF, Li H, Li NJ, Chen DY, Lu JM. Surface Engineering of ITO Substrates to Improve the Memory Performance of an Asymmetric Conjugated Molecule with a Side Chain. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2278-2283. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hou
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xue-Feng Cheng
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xin Xiao
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jing-Hui He
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qing-Feng Xu
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Na-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Dong-Yun Chen
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Institution; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
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Mishra AK, Mukhopadhyay A, Moorthy JN. One-pot multistep synthesis of bipolar carbazolo-phenazines: Hydrogen bond control of Diels-Alder cycloaddition and application for fluoride sensing. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Taouali W, Casida ME, Chemek M, Haj Said A, Alimi K. Theoretical investigation of oligomer structure and optoelectronic properties for [4-(methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile]n (n=1-5). J Mol Model 2017; 23:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shaikh AM, Sharma BK, Chacko S, Kamble RM. Novel electroluminescent donor–acceptors based on dibenzo[a,c]phenazine as hole-transporting materials for organic electronics. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel yellow-green fluorescent 3,6,11-trisubstitued-dibenzo[a,c]phenazine derivatives were synthesized via a Buchwald–Hartwig palladium-catalyzed C–N amination reaction for the hole-transporting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam M. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai–400 098
- India
| | | | - Sajeev Chacko
- Department of Physics
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai–400 098
- India
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12
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Kim H, Lee KY, Kim JY, Noh H, Yoon DW, Yang JH, Kim J, Kang I, Lee SJ. Preparation of Acridine-modified Benzofuropyridine and Benzothienopyridine Derivatives and Their Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Properties. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yun Kim
- LG Display R&D Center; Paju-si 413-811 Republic of Korea
| | - HyoJin Noh
- LG Display R&D Center; Paju-si 413-811 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Wi Yoon
- LG Display R&D Center; Paju-si 413-811 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jinook Kim
- LG Display R&D Center; Paju-si 413-811 Republic of Korea
| | - InByeong Kang
- LG Display R&D Center; Paju-si 413-811 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Joong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
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13
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Ates M, Uludag N. Carbazole derivative synthesis and their electropolymerization. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Shaikh AM, Sharma BK, Chacko S, Kamble RM. Synthesis and opto-electrochemical properties of tribenzo[a,c,i]phenazine derivatives for hole transport materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20964e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, five novel 3,6-disubstituted-tribenzo[a,c,i]phenazine (2–6) derivatives were synthesized in good yield by employing a palladium catalyzed C–N bond forming amination reaction and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam M. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai-400 098
- India
| | | | - Sajeev Chacko
- Department of Physics
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai-400 098
- India
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15
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Shaikh AM, Sharma BK, Chacko S, Kamble RM. Synthesis and optoelectronic investigations of triarylamines based on naphtho[2,3-f]quinoxaline-7,12-dione core as donor–acceptors for n-type materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized a new series of fully characterized donor–acceptor systems (2–7) involving electron donor triarylamines and electron acceptor naphtho[2,3-f]quinoxaline-7,12-dione by employing palladium catalyzed C–N bond forming amination reactions in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam M. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai – 400 098
- India
| | - Bharat K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai – 400 098
- India
| | - Sajeev Chacko
- Department of Physics
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai – 400 098
- India
| | - Rajesh M. Kamble
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai – 400 098
- India
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16
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Abstract
A highly site-selective, one-pot, sequential C–N and C–C bond forming process was developed, affording a carbazole-based skeleton that contains biphenyl and diarylacetylene cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
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17
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SHAIKH AZAMM, SHARMA BHARATK, KAMBLE RAJESHM. Synthesis, Photophysical, Electrochemical and Thermal Studies of Triarylamines based on benzo[g]quinoxalines. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Mallesham G, Balaiah S, Ananth Reddy M, Sridhar B, Singh P, Srivastava R, Bhanuprakash K, Jayathirtha Rao V. Design and synthesis of novel anthracene derivatives as n-type emitters for electroluminescent devices: a combined experimental and DFT study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:342-57. [PMID: 24352257 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50284h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Six novel anthracene-oxadiazole derivatives, 4a (2-(4-(anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-5-p-tolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole), 4b (2-(4-(anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), 4c (2-(4-(anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), 8a (2-(4-(anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-5-m-tolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole), 8b (2-(3-(anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) and 8c (2-(3-(anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) have been synthesized and characterized for use as emitters in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). They show good thermal stability (T(d), 297-364 °C) and glass transition temperatures (T(g)) in the range of 82-98 °C, as seen from the thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric studies. The solvatochromism phenomenon and electrochemical properties have been studied in detail using UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. TD-DFT calculations have been carried out to understand the electrochemical and photophysical properties. The spatial structures of 4b and 8c are further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Un-optimized non-doped electroluminescent devices were fabricated using these anthracene derivatives as emitters with the following device configuration: ITO (120 nm)/α-NPD (30 nm)/4a-4c or 8a-8c(35 nm)/BCP (6 nm)/Alq3 (28 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (150 nm). Among all the six compounds, 8a displays the maximum brightness of 1728 cd m(-2) and current efficiency 0.89 cd A(-1). Furthermore, as an electron transporter, 8a exhibited superior performance (current efficiency is 11.7 cd A(-1)) than the device using standard Alq3 (current efficiency is 8.69 cd A(-1)), demonstrating its high potential for employment in OLEDs. These results indicate that the new anthracene-oxadiazole derivatives could play an important role in the development of OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mallesham
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Present status of quinoxaline motifs: Excellent pathfinders in therapeutic medicine. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:688-715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Jung ME, Deng G. Synthesis of α-diketones from alkylaryl- and diarylalkynes using mercuric salts. Org Lett 2014; 16:2142-5. [PMID: 24684513 PMCID: PMC4316994 DOI: 10.1021/ol500592m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both alkylarylalkynes and diarylalkynes 1 are converted into the α-diketones 2 in good yield by the use of mercuric salts, e.g., mercuric nitrate hydrate or mercuric triflate, in the presence of water. Other mercuric salts, e.g., sulfate, chloride, acetate, or trifluoroacetate, do not provide the diketone product. A possible mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Jung
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard
Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gang Deng
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard
Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Nguyen NT, Hofkens J, Scheblykin IG, Kruk M, Dehaen W. Click Reaction Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Dendritic Metalloporphyrins. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reaction of 3-Alkynylquinoxaline-2-carbonitriles with Sodium Azide: an Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Tyaglivy AS, Gulevskaya AV, Pozharskii AF, Askalepova OI. Nucleophilic cyclization of 3-alkynylquinoxaline-2-carbonitriles into pyrido[3,4-b]quinoxalines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang KY, Chen C, Liu JF, Wang Q, Chang J, Zhu HJ, Li C. Novel multifunctional organic semiconductor materials based on 4,8-substituted 1,5-naphthyridine: synthesis, single crystal structures, opto-electrical properties and quantum chemistry calculation. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6693-704. [PMID: 22790292 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4,8-substituted 1,5-naphthyridines (1a-1h) have been successfully synthesised by a Suzuki cross-coupling between 4,8-dibromo-1,5-naphthyridine (4) and the corresponding boronic acids (2a-2h) in the presence of catalytic palladium acetate in yields of 41.4-75.8% and have ben well characterized. They are thermally robust with high phase transition temperatures (above 186 °C). Compounds 1b, 1e and 1f crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with the space groups P2(1)/c, P2(1)/c and P2(1)/n, respectively. All of them show the lowest energy absorption bands (λ(max)(Abs): 294-320 nm), revealing low optical band gaps (2.77-3.79 eV). These materials emit blue fluorescence with λ(max)(Em) ranging from 434-521 nm in dilute solution in dichloromethane and 400-501 nm in the solid state. 4,8-Substituted 1,5-naphthyridines 1a-1h have estimated electron affinities (EA) of (2.38-2.72 eV) suitable for electron-transport materials and ionization potentials (IP) of 4.85-5.04 eV facilitate excellent hole-injecting/hole-transport materials properties. Quantum chemical calculations using DFT B3LYP/6-31G* showed nearly identical the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of -2.39 to -2.19 eV and the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) of -5.33 to -6.84 eV. These results demonstrate the 4,8-substituted 1,5-naphthyridines 1a-1h with a simple architecture might be promising blue-emitting (or blue-green-emitting) materials, electron-transport materials and hole-injecting/hole-transport materials for applications for developing high-efficiency OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing University of Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, China
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