Condensation of propargylic alcohols with indoles and carbazole in [bmim][PF6]/Bi(NO3)3·5H2O: a simple high yielding propargylation method with recycling and reuse of the ionic liquid

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Propargyl Derivatives, and Their Application as Synthetic Intermediates and Building Blocks

The propargyl group is a highly versatile moiety whose introduction into small-molecule building blocks opens up new synthetic pathways for further elaboration. The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in both the synthesis of propargylation agents and their application in the synthesis and functionalization of more elaborate/complex building blocks and intermediates. The goal of this review is to highlight these exciting advances and to underscore their impact.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diverse Libraries of Small-Molecule Building Blocks in Ionic Liquids (ILs)

The Account describes recent advances, from the authors’ laboratories, in the synthesis of diverse libraries of small-molecule building blocks employing ionic liquids (ILs). The ability of ILs to act as catalysts/promoters/solvents for electrophilic and onium ion chemistry, as well as in metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, and the potential to sequence/hyphenate these methods, have opened up new opportunities for facile assembly of functional small molecules with increased complexity from readily available precursors. While Brønsted acidic IL/IL solvent mixtures are suitable media for carbocation and onium ion chemistry, piperidine-appended IL/IL solvent mixtures can successfully catalyze a variety of base-catalyzed reactions. Several widely practiced transformations including ‘name reactions’ were adapted and performed efficiently in ILs.

1 Introduction

2 Aryldiazonium Salts and Aryltriazenes as Coupling Partners in Metal-Mediated C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions in ILs

3 Expanding the Scope of Metal-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions in ILs

4 Application of ILs in Synthesis and Functionalization of Hetero­cycles

5 Expanding the Scope of Amide Synthesis in ILs

6 Generation and Chemistry of ‘Tamed’ Propargylic Cations in ILs

7 Newer Nitration Methods for Arenes and Heteroarenes in ILs

8 Halofunctionalization in ILs

9 ‘Name Reactions’and Other Widely Practiced Synthetic Transformations in ILs

9.1 The Biginelli Reaction

9.2 Nitrile Synthesis by the Schmidt Reaction

9.3 Rupe Rearrangement

9.4 Synthesis of 1,3-Dioxanes via Prins Reaction in [BMIM(SO3H)][OTf]

9.5 Synthesis of Cyclopropanes and Oxiranes by the Corey–Chaykovsky (CC) Reaction

10 Conclusions and Closing Remarks

A Sustainable Approach to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Diazaheptacyclic Cage Systems Based on a Multicomponent Strategy in an Ionic Liquid

The microwave-assisted three-component reactions of 3,5-bis(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones, acenaphthenequinone and cyclic α-amino acids in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, occurred through a domino sequence affording structurally intriguing diazaheptacyclic cage-like compounds in excellent yields.

Cationic palladium(ii)-catalyzed dehydrative nucleophilic substitutions of benzhydryl alcohols with electron-deficient benzenethiols in water

An efficient direct nucleophilic substitution of benzhydryl alcohols with electron-deficient benzenethiols using cationic Pd(ii) catalysts as Lewis acids in water is reported.

A facile ionic liquid promoted synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular modeling study of novel highly functionalized spiropyrrolidines

A series of novel dimethoxyindanone embedded spiropyrrolidines were synthesized in ionic liquid, [bmim]Br and were evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards cholinesterases. Among the spiropyrrolidines, compound 4f exhibited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 1.57 µM against acethylcholinesterase (AChE). Molecular docking simulation for the most active compound was employed with the aim of disclosing its binding mechanism to the active site of AChE receptor.

A novel one-pot green synthesis of dispirooxindolo-pyrrolidines via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides

A facile synthesis of dispirooxindolopyrrolidines has been accomplished via a one-pot three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The reaction of azomethine ylides generated in situ from L-phenylalanine and substituted isatins with a series of unusual (E)-2-oxoindolino-3-ylidene acetophenone dipolarophiles in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [bmim]BF4, furnished the cycloadducts in good yields, with the regioisomers 5a-f being obtained with high selectivity. Furthermore, the recyclability of [bmim]BF4, up to five times, was also investigated.