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Ramiro JL, Martínez-Caballero S, Neo AG, Díaz J, Marcos CF. The Castagnoli–Cushman Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062654. [PMID: 36985626 PMCID: PMC10058692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first reports of the reaction of imines and cyclic anhydrides by Castagnoli and Cushman, this procedure has been applied to the synthesis of a variety of lactams, some of them with important synthetic or biological interest. The scope of the reaction has been extended to the use of various Schiff bases and anhydrides as well as to different types of precursors for these reagents. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the mechanism of the reaction, which has historically been quite controversial. This has helped to develop reaction conditions that lead to pure diastereomers and even homochiral products. In addition, these mechanistic studies have also led to the development of new multicomponent versions of the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction that allow products with more diverse and complex molecular structures to be easily obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ramiro
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Caballero
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y las Matemáticas, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana G. Neo
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos F. Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
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2
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Trifluoroethanol Promoted Castagnoli-Cushman Cycloadditions of Imines with Homophthalic Anhydride. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030844. [PMID: 35164109 PMCID: PMC8839191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactams are essential compounds in medicinal chemistry and key intermediates in the synthesis of natural products. The Castagnoli–Cushman reaction (CCR) of homophthalic anhydride with imines is an exciting method for accessing cyclic densely substituted lactam products. Most CCRs need to be catalyzed or heated. Herein, we report a new, efficient, metal and catalyst-free CCR for the synthesis of poly-substituted 3,4-lactams utilizing the unique properties of trifluoroethanol (TFE). This procedure provides high-speed and smooth access to a broad range of densely substituted 3,4-lactams in good yields and a 100% atom-economical fashion.
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Howard SY, Di Maso MJ, Shimabukuro K, Burlow NP, Tan DQ, Fettinger JC, Malig TC, Hein JE, Shaw JT. Mechanistic Investigation of Castagnoli-Cushman Multicomponent Reactions Leading to a Three-Component Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11599-11607. [PMID: 34351161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the three- and four-component variants of the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction (CCR) have been investigated. A series of crossover experiments were conducted to probe the structure and reactivity of known amide-acid intermediates for the three- and four-component variants of the CCR (3CR and 4CR, respectively). Control experiments paired with in situ reaction monitoring with infrared spectroscopy for the 4CR align with a mechanism in which amide-acids derived from maleic anhydride can reversibly form free amine and cyclic anhydride. Although this equilibrium is unfavorable, the aldehyde present can trap the primary amine through imine formation and react with the enol form of the anhydride through a Mannich-like mechanism. This detailed mechanistic investigation coupled with additional crossover experiments supports an analogous mechanism for the 3CR and has led to the elucidation of new 3CR conditions with homophthalic anhydride, amines, and aldehydes for the formation of dihydroisoquinolones in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. This work represents the culmination of more than a decade of mechanistic speculation for the 3- and 4CR, enabling the design of new multicomponent reactions that exploit this novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael J Di Maso
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kristin Shimabukuro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Noah P Burlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darlene Q Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas C Malig
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Kamanna K. Amino Acids and Peptides Organocatalysts: A Brief Overview on Its Evolution and Applications in Organic Asymmetric Synthesis. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337207999201117093848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the application of biopolymers of natural α-amino acids and its
derived wild-type peptides employed as organocatalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of various important
compounds published by researchers across the globe. The α-amino acid with L-configuration
is available commercially in the pure form and plays a crucial role in enantioselective chiral
molecule synthesis. Out of twenty natural amino acids, only one secondary amine-containing proline
amino acid exhibited revolution in the field of organocatalysis because of its rigid structure
and the formation of an imine like transition state during the reaction, which leads to more stereoselectivity.
Hence, it is referred to as a simple enzyme in organocatalyst. Chiral enantioselective organic
molecule synthesis has been further discussed by employing oligopeptides derived from the
natural amino acids as a robust biocatalyst that replaced enzyme catalysts. The di-, tri, tetra-,
penta- and oligopeptide derived from the natural amino acids are demonstrated as a potential
organocatalyst, whose catalytic activity and mechanistic pathways are reviewed in the present paper.
Several choices of organocatalyst are developed to achieve a facile and efficient stereoselective
synthesis of many complex natural products with optically pure isomer. Subsequently, the researcher
developed green and sustainable heterogeneous catalytic system containing organocatalyst
immobilized onto solid inorganic support or porous material for accelerating reaction rate with
asymmetric one isomer product through the heterogeneous phase. Further, researchers developed
heterogeneous organocatalysts-Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) that emerged as alternative
simple and facile heterogeneous catalysts for the bulk production and flow reactor for enantioselective
synthesis. This review compiled many outstanding discoveries in organocatalysts derivative of
amino acids, peptides and heterogenized-MOFs employed for many organic transformations in research
and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantharaju Kamanna
- Department of Chemistry, Peptide and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Rani Channamma University, Vidyasangama, P-B, NH-4, Belagavi -591156, Karnataka, India
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Density functional study of spectroscopy, electronic structure, linear and nonlinear optical properties of l-proline lithium chloride and l-proline lithium bromide monohydrate: For laser applications. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Chupakhin E, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. The Castagnoli-Cushman reaction in a three-component format. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rai P, Sagir H, Kumar A, B. Yadav V, R. Siddiqui I. Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Medicinally Important Chromeno[2, 3-d]pyrimidine-triones in Biodegradable Reaction Medium. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Rai
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis; Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - Hozeyfa Sagir
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis; Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis; Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - Vijay B. Yadav
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis; Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - I. R. Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis; Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
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Bakulina O, Ivanov A, Suslonov V, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. A speedy route to sterically encumbered, benzene-fused derivatives of privileged, naturally occurring hexahydropyrrolo[1,2- b]isoquinoline. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1413-1424. [PMID: 28781707 PMCID: PMC5530605 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 15 benzene-fused hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolonic acids with substantial degree of steric encumbrance has been prepared via a novel variant of the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction of homophthalic anhydride (HPA) and various indolenines. The employment of a special kind of a cyclic imine component reaction allowed, for the first time, isolating a Mannich-type adduct between HPA and an imine component which has been postulated but never obtained in similar reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Vitalii Suslonov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
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Pirhayati M, Kakanejadifard A, Veisi H. A new nano-Fe3O4-supported organocatalyst based on 3,4-dihydroxypyridine: an efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Pirhayati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Lorestan University; Khoramabad Iran
| | - Ali Kakanejadifard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Lorestan University; Khoramabad Iran
| | - Hojat Veisi
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; Tehran Iran
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Hajipour AR, Khorsandi Z. Immobilized Pd on (S)-methyl histidinate-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes: a powerful and recyclable catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross-coupling reactions in green solvents and under mild conditions. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdol R. Hajipour
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156 IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Wisconsin, Medical School; 1300 University Avenue Madison WI 53706-1532 USA
| | - Zahra Khorsandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156 IR Iran
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Hajipour AR, Boostani E, Mohammadsaleh F. Proline-functionalized chitosan–palladium(ii) complex, a novel nanocatalyst for C–C bond formation in water. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An environmentally friendly palladium-based catalyst supported on proline-functionalized chitosan was successfully prepared and evaluated as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of various aryl halides with phenylboronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Hajipour
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - E. Boostani
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - F. Mohammadsaleh
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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Sarnpitak P, Krasavin M. Convenient access to novel functionalized pyrazino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-6-one and diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-7-one scaffolds via the Cushman multicomponent reaction followed by post-condensation. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ryabukhin SV, Panov DM, Granat DS, Ostapchuk EN, Kryvoruchko DV, Grygorenko OO. Toward lead-oriented synthesis: one-pot version of Castagnoli condensation with nonactivated alicyclic anhydrides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:146-53. [PMID: 24479637 DOI: 10.1021/co4001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One-pot variation of Castagnoli condensation, that is, reaction of cyclic anhydrides, amines, and aldehydes, has been developed as a combinatorial approach to 1,2-disubstituted 5-oxopyrrolidine- and 6-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acids, as well as their benzo-analogues. Utility of the method to multigram preparation of building blocks and synthetic intermediates was also demonstrated. The final products are obtained in high yields and diastereoselectivity. The method fits well in the concept of lead-oriented synthesis; in particular, it can be used for the design of lead-like compound libraries, even if the strictest cut-offs are applied to the physicochemical properties of their members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkov Street 4, Kyiv 03187, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Panov
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine, Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry S. Granat
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine, Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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A new silica-supported organocatalyst based on L-proline: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of spiroindolones in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen F, Lei M, Hu L. Thiamine hydrochloride (VB1)-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of (E)-N-benzylidene-2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazol-3-amine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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