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Mohammed Elgadi GS, Elsegood MRJ, Patel M, Netz PA, de Oliveira TE, Kimber MC. A Family of Bisnaphthyl C 2-Symmetric and Asymmetric Clefts: Synthesis, Solid-State Structure, and Calculation of the Interplanar Angle. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3965-3969. [PMID: 36854174 PMCID: PMC10028689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new family of naphthalenoid C2-symmetric clefts has been realized through a four-step synthetic sequence giving three C2-symmetric clefts and a rare nonsymmetric example. Subsequently, stereoselective reduction of the carbonyl groups at C-8 and C-16 then provides cleft molecules with hydrogen bonding potential. Using single-crystal X-ray and computational analysis, the cleft angle of the dione has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- The Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, U.K
| | - Miheal Patel
- The Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, U.K
| | - Paulo A Netz
- Grupo de Química Teórica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago E de Oliveira
- Departmento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências de Saúde Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marc C Kimber
- The Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, U.K
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2
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Zullo V, Iuliano A, Guazzelli L. Sugar-Based Ionic Liquids: Multifaceted Challenges and Intriguing Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:2052. [PMID: 33916695 PMCID: PMC8038380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates represent a promising option in transitioning from oil-based chemical resources to renewable ones, with the goal of developing chemistries for a sustainable future. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and largely available monosaccharides already provide useful chemical building blocks, so-called platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as solvents like cyrene or gamma-valerolactone. Therefore, there is great anticipation for novel applications involving materials and chemicals derived from sugars. In the field of ionic liquids (ILs), sugar-based ILs have been overlooked for a long time, mainly on account of their multistep demanding preparation. However, exploring new strategies for accessing sugar-based ILs, their study, and their exploitation, are attracting increasing interest. This is due to the growing concerns about the negative (eco)toxicity profile of most ILs in conjunction with their non-sustainable nature. In the present review, a literature survey concerning the development of sugar-based ILs since 2011 is presented. Their preparation strategies and thermal behavior analyses, sorted by sugar type, make up the first two sections with the intention to provide the reader with a useful guide. A final overview of the potential applications of sugar-based ILs and their future perspectives complement the present analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Zullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Miron CE, Fleischel O, Petitjean A. To Loop or Not to Loop: Influence of Hinge Flexibility on Self-Assembly Outcomes for Acridine-Based Triazolylpyridine Chelates with Zinc(II), Iron(II), and Copper(II). Chemistry 2018; 24:17318-17326. [PMID: 30252967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly has been established as an effective strategy for the efficient construction of intricate architectures in both natural and artificial systems, for applications ranging from gene regulation to metal-organic frameworks. Central to these systems is the need for carefully designed organic ligands, generally with rigid components, that can undergo self-assembly with metal ions in a predictable manner. Herein, we report the synthesis and study of three novel organic ligands that feature 3,6-disubstituted acridine as a rigid spacer connected to two 2-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine "click" chelates through hinges of the same length but differing flexibility. The flexibility of these "three-atom" hinges was modulated by i) moving from secondary to tertiary amide functional groups and ii) replacing an sp2 amide carbon with an sp3 methylene carbon. In an effort to understand the role of hinge flexibility in directing self-assembly into mononuclear loops or dinuclear cylinders, the impact of these changes on self-assembly outcomes with zinc(II), iron(II), and copper(II) ions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Miron
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | | | - Anne Petitjean
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
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Kohrt S, Santschi N, Cvengroš J. Accessing N-Stereogenicity through a Double Aza-Michael Reaction: Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2016; 22:390-403. [PMID: 26767587 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Further development of the chemistry and applications of chiral compounds that possess configurationally stable stereogenic nitrogen atoms is hampered by the lack of efficient strategies to access such compounds in an enantiomerically pure form. Esters of propiolic acid and chiral alcohols were evaluated as cheap and readily available Michael acceptors in a diastereoselective synthesis of N-stereogenic compounds by means of a double aza-Michael conjugate addition. Diastereomeric ratios of up to 74:26 and high yields were achieved with (-)-menthyl propiolate as a substrate. Furthermore, a detailed mechanistic investigation was undertaken to shed some light on the course of this domino transformation. Kinetic studies revealed that the protic-solvent additive acts as a Brønsted acid and activates the ester toward the initial attack of the tetrahydrodiazocine partner. Conversely, acidic conditions proved unfavorable during the final cyclization step that provides the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kohrt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Nico Santschi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Ján Cvengroš
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).
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Li PF, Han Y, Chen CF. Synthesis and structures of triptycene-derived Tröger's base molecular clips. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Morohashi N, Nanbu K, Tonosaki A, Noji S, Hattori T. Comparison of inclusion properties between p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene towards primary alcohols in crystals. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1) and p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (2) exhibit distinct differences in inclusion properties toward primary alcohols, which originates from the difference in the crystal packing of the inclusion crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Morohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nanbu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ayano Tonosaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shintaro Noji
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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7
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Banerjee S, Bright SA, Smith JA, Burgeat J, Martinez-Calvo M, Williams DC, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Supramolecular Approach to Enantioselective DNA Recognition Using Enantiomerically Resolved Cationic 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide-Based Tröger’s Bases. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9272-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501711g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Banerjee
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School
of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeremy Burgeat
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Miguel Martinez-Calvo
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School
of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John M. Kelly
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Carta M, Malpass-Evans R, Croad M, Rogan Y, Lee M, Rose I, McKeown NB. The synthesis of microporous polymers using Tröger's base formation. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00609g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Havlík M, Dolenský B, Jakubek M, Král V. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tröger's Bases Bearing Groups Sensitive to Reduction. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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