Glycerol ingrained copper: an efficient recyclable catalyst for the N-arylation of amines with aryl halides

Recent Advances in Synthetic Routes to Azacycles

A heterocycle is an important structural scaffold of many organic compounds found in pharmaceuticals, materials, agrochemicals, and biological processes. Azacycles are one of the most common motifs of a heterocycle and have a variety of applications, including in pharmaceuticals. Therefore, azacycles have received significant attention from scientists and a variety of methods of synthesizing azacycles have been developed because their efficient synthesis plays a vital role in the production of many useful compounds. In this review, we summarize recent approaches to preparing azacycles via different methods as well as describe plausible reaction mechanisms.

Copper-Catalyzed Reactions of Aryl Halides with N-nucleophiles and Their Possible Application for Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Contaminants

This review summarizes recent applications of copper or copper-based compounds as a nonprecious metal catalyst in N-nucleophiles-based dehalogenation (DH) reactions of halogenated aromatic compounds (Ar-Xs). Cu-catalyzed DH enables the production of corresponding nonhalogenated aromatic products (Ar-Nu), which are much more biodegradable and can be mineralized during aerobic wastewater treatment or which are principally further applicable. Based on available knowledge, the developed Cu-based DH methods enable the utilization of amines for effective cleavage of aryl-halogen bonds in organic solvents or even in an aqueous solution.

Click synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles using copper iodide nanoparticles anchored poly(sulfonamide-thiazole) modified layered double hydroxides/chitosan nanocomposite

Click synthesis is a class of biocompatible small molecule reactions commonly used in bioconjugation. This research presents a recyclable environmentally-friendly catalyst for 1,2,3-triazoles. To this end, we immobilized poly sulfonamide-thiazole (PST), a new group of sulfonamides, on the surface of layered double hydroxides/chitosan (LDH@CS). Afterward, it was decorated using copper iodide nanoparticles (CuI NPs). LDH@CS@PST/Cu was characterized various techniques, including HNMR, ¹³CNMR, FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, ICP-OES, and TGA/DTA. Overall, the results revealed that LDH@CS@PST/Cu is a promising green efficient for the domino reaction of phenacyl bromides with phenylacetylene and sodium azide.

Facile tin(II)-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles from dicarboxylic acids and arylamines

A novel efficient transformation reaction of dicarboxylic acids into N-aryl-substituted azacycles is described. In this synthetic procedure, both catalytic SnCl₂ and phenylsilane were used as crucial reagents for reaction of arylamines with dicarboxylic acids to produce the desired azacycles. Using this SnCl₂-catalyzed synthetic method, various N-aryl-substituted azacycles were successfully prepared from arylamines with dicarboxylic acids in high yield. This practical synthetic method using catalytic SnCl₂ can provide a useful approach for preparation of the desired azacycle products from many available dicarboxylic acid starting materials.

I2/NaH2PO2-mediated deoxyamination of cyclic ethers for the synthesis of N-aryl-substituted azacycles

We have developed a protocol for efficient synthesis of N-aryl-substituted azacycles from aryl amines and cyclic ethers using I2/NaH2PO2 as the mediator.

Glycerol as suitable solvent for the synthesis of metallic species and catalysis

This Minireview considers the foremost reported works involving glycerol as a solvent in the synthesis of organometallic complexes and metallic nanoparticles. This analysis highlights their catalytic applications. A special emphasis is devoted to the ability of glycerol to immobilize nanometric species, which, in turn, enables an efficient recycling of the catalytic phase to give metal-free organic products.