Safe and highly efficient syntheses of triazole drugs using Cu2O nanoparticle in aqueous solutions

Applications of Click Chemistry in the Development of HIV Protease Inhibitors

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been devastating for millions of people around the world. Inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease is among the most important approaches for the therapeutic intervention in HIV infection. Since the discovery of the HIV-1 protease, this enzyme has been considered as a key target for the inhibition of viral replication. A large body of research has been done to develop an effective HIV-1 protease inhibitor. There are to date 10 HIV-1 protease inhibitor drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that have improved the survival and quality of life of HIV infected people. These drugs are prescribed in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which is referred to as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The HIV-1 protease inhibitors play a vital role in HAART. The applications of click chemistry are dispersing in the field of drug discovery. Recently, click chemistry has captured a lot of attention and has become a powerful tool for the synthesis of medicinal skeletons in the discovery of anti-HIV drugs. Click reaction is a well-known method for making carbon-heteroatom-carbon bonds. Click reactions are popular because they are wide in scope, of high yielding, quick to perform, and easy to purify. In this review, we outlined current approaches towards the development of HIV-1 protease inhibitors employing click chemistry.

Copper(I) oxide nanoparticles catalyzed click chemistry based synthesis of melampomagnolide B-triazole conjugates and their anti-cancer activities

A series of thirty one melampomagnolide B-triazole conjugates was synthesized via Copper(I) oxide nanoparticles catalyzed click chemistry. These conjugates were evaluated for their anti-cancer activities against a panel of five human cancer cell lines. The most active compound 6e showed high activity against HCT116 cell line with IC₅₀ value of 0.43 μM, which demonstrated 11.5-fold improvement compared to that of the parent compound melampomagnolide B (IC₅₀ = 4.93 μM). Compound 6e showed significant efficacy of inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation and migration of HCT116 cells. The preliminary molecular mechanism of 6e was also investigated. On the base of these results, compound 6e might be considered as a promising candidate for further evaluation as a potential anti-cancer drug.

CuO nanostructures of variable shapes as an efficient catalyst for [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkyne

CuO nanowires exhibited highest catalytic efficiency for the cycloaddition reaction between azide and terminal alkyne, featuring short reaction time, soft reaction conditions and complete regioselectivity.