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Organocatalytic Synthesis of α-Aminonitriles: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Aminonitriles, which have anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, have played an important role in pharmacology. Furthermore, they can also be used to synthesize natural and unnatural amino acids. The main bottleneck in the commercialization of these products is their large-scale production with controlled chirality. A variety of methods have been used to synthesize α-aminonitriles. Among other reported methods for preparing α-aminonitriles, the Strecker reaction is considered appropriate. Recent developments, however, have enabled the α-cyanation of tertiary and secondary amines by functionalizing the carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bond as an attractive alternative procedure for the preparation of α-aminonitriles in the presence of an oxidant and a cyanide source. In most cases, these reactions are catalyzed by transition metal catalysts, such as Fe, Cu, Rh, V, Au, Ru, Mo, Pt, Re, and Co, or by photocatalysts. As an alternative, organocatalysts can also be used to produce aminonitriles. Although there have been numerous reviews on the preparation of α-aminonitriles, no such reviews have been published specifically on the organocatalyzed synthesis of α-aminonitriles. Organocatalysis plays a significant role in synthesizing α-aminonitriles via Strecker-type reactions and cross dehydrogenative coupling reactions (CDC). In this mini review, we discuss the organocatalyzed synthesis of these molecules. A review of new organocatalysts for the synthesis of aminonitriles is expected to provide insight into the development of new industrial catalysts.
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Rahman I, Deka B, Thakuria R, Deb ML, Baruah PK. L-Proline-catalyzed regioselective C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines through a multicomponent reaction under solvent-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6514-6518. [PMID: 32804185 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01363c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we disclose the C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQ) through regioselective C(sp3)-H functionalization using a multicomponent reaction. The reaction was performed by reacting THIQ, aldehydes and aminopyrazoles or indoles under neat conditions with l-proline as a catalyst. The regioselectivity of the products was confirmed by X-ray analysis and spectroscopic data. The formation of an azomethine ylide intermediate is crucial for obtaining the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftakur Rahman
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
| | - Bhaskar Deka
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Mohit L Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
| | - Pranjal K Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
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Recent advances in reactions promoted by amino acids and oligopeptides. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
During the last 20 years, Organocatalysis has become one of the major fields of Catalysis. Herein, we provide a recent overview on reactions where the use of amino acids and peptides as the organocatalysts was employed. All aspects regarding aldol reactions, Michael reactions, epoxidation, Henry reactions and many others that are crucial for the reaction conditions and reaction mechanisms are discussed.
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Kaur G, Shamim M, Bhardwaj V, Gupta VK, Banerjee B. Mandelic acid catalyzed one-pot three-component synthesis of α-aminonitriles and α-aminophosphonates under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1745844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mussarat Shamim
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishali Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Post-Graduate Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Maleki A, Azadegan S, Rahimi J. Gallic acid grafted to amine‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a proficient catalyst for environmentally friendly synthesis of α‐aminonitriles. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistryIran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846‐13114 Iran
| | - Sepide Azadegan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistryIran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846‐13114 Iran
| | - Jamal Rahimi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistryIran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846‐13114 Iran
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Chai J, Zhang P, Shi X, Sun J, Wang L, Fan Y. Three helical chain-based 3D coordination polymers: solvent-induced syntheses, tunable structures and catalytic properties for the Strecker reaction. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three 3D Sc-CPs with different helical chains have been synthesized from isophthalic acid derivatives by solvent induced methods. Among them, 3 is optically active. Furthermore, 1 exhibits good catalytic activity for the Strecker reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chai
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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Kouznetsov VV, Galvis CEP. Strecker reaction and α-amino nitriles: Recent advances in their chemistry, synthesis, and biological properties. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Seo HA, Cheon CH. Synthesis of 2-Vinylindole-3-Acetic Acid Derivatives via Cyanide-Catalyzed Imino-Stetter Reaction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7917-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ahn Seo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Wen F, Yang J. Hydrocyanation of Unsaturated Imines Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as a Cyanide Source. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Khalafi-Nezhad A, Divar M, Panahi F. Synthesis of α-aminonitriles with benzimidazolic and theophyllinic backbones using the Strecker reaction. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10902-8. [PMID: 24090186 DOI: 10.1021/jo401890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An example of the application of the Strecker reaction in the synthesis of a new class of α-aminonitriles with benzimidazole and theophylline backbones has been developed. For the synthesis of these compounds, first 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde was reacted with 1,3- and 1,5-dibromides/epibromohydrin to produce the corresponding bromo-substituted aldehydes. Then, benzimidazole/theophylline was reacted with the latter to generate the related benzimidazolic/theophyllinic aldehydes. Finally, the Strecker reactions of the synthetic benzimidazolic and theophyllinic aldehydes with different amines afforded the target products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalafi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz 71454, Iran
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Copper-catalyzed three- five- or seven-component coupling reactions: the selective synthesis of cyanomethylamines, N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)amines and N,N'-bis(cyanomethyl)methylenediamines based on a Strecker-type synthesis. Molecules 2013; 18:12488-99. [PMID: 24152671 PMCID: PMC6270086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that a cooperative catalytic system comprised of CuCl and Cu(OTf)2 could be used to effectively catalyse the three-, five- and seven-component coupling reactions of aliphatic or aromatic amines, formaldehyde, and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN), and selectively produce in good yields the corresponding cyanomethylamines, N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)amines and N,N'-bis(cyanomethyl)methylenediamines.
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