1
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Vorobyeva DV, Bubnova AS, Buyanovskaya AG, Osipov SN. Synthesis of CF3-substituted isoindolones via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed carbenoid C–H functionalization of aryl hydroxamates. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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2
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Zhu C, Zhang J, Hoye TR. De novo Assembly of the Benzenoid Ring as a Core Strategy for Synthesis of the Isoindolinone Natural Products Isohericerin, Erinacerin A, and Sterenin A. Org Lett 2021; 23:7550-7554. [PMID: 34543031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the use of the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction for the de novo construction of the isoindolinone scaffold and its application to the synthesis of the title natural products. The key isoindolinone-forming HDDA reaction involved an unprecedented substrate motif in which an amide carbonyl group was conjugated to the 4π 1,3-diyne component. In addition, a dimethylsilyl (-SiMe2H) substituent was exploited to trigger a Fleming-Tamao-Kumada oxidation for the installation of an essential phenolic hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Juntian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Othmanm MO, Abdallahi SM, Ewies EF, El-Shazly M, Elemine BO, Hadou A, Moncol J, Lawson AM, Daich A, Othman M. Autotandem Catalysis: Inexpensive and Green Access to Functionalized Ketones by Intermolecular Iron-Catalyzed Amidoalkynylation/Hydration Cascade Reaction via N-Acyliminium Ion Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:15440-15449. [PMID: 34346129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Iron-based catalysts were applied in cascade-type reactions for the synthesis of different carbonyl compounds. The reactions proceeded by a new iron-catalyzed cascade of alkynylation/hydration by using both the σ- and π-Lewis acid properties of iron salts. The alkynylation reactions of several endo and exocyclic acetoxylactams were achieved with three different catalysts including FeCl 3 .6H 2 O, FeCl 3 , and Fe(OTf) 3 showing the efficiency of σ-Lewis acidity of iron (III) salts in catalyzing the alkynylation reaction. We also demonstrated that the reaction sequence could be shortened by the direct use of hydroxylactams, leading to an environmentally friendly protocol, avoiding the need to perform unnecessary lengthy steps. A combination of the hard/soft iron Lewis acid properties was then used to implement an unprecedented tandem intermolecular alkynylation/intramolecular hydration sequence allowing expedient access to a new carbonyl structures from trivial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Othman Othmanm
- University of le Havre, Unit� de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromol�culaire URCOM, 25, Rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058, Le Havre, FRANCE
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ján Moncol
- Slovak University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology: Slovenska Technicka Univerzita v Bratislave Fakulta chemickej a potravinarskej technologie, Chemistry, SLOVAKIA
| | | | | | - Mohamed Othman
- Universite du Havre, URCOM, 25, Rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058, Le Havre, FRANCE
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4
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Fraňová P, Marchalín Š, Šafář P, Cvečko M, Moncol J, Žídeková I, Othman M, Daïch A. Smart and concise entry to chiral spiro[cyclopentane-indolizidine]-tetraol diastereomers as a new aza-spirocyclic framework. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of chiral oxacarba-spiroindolizidine tetraols was achieved by alkene cis-dihydroxylation, diol protection, and lactam carbonyl reduction followed ultimately by acetonide deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fraňová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Marchalín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université Le Havre Normandie, BP: 1123, 25 rue Philipe Lebon, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Peter Šafář
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Cvečko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Moncol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Žídeková
- Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, SK – 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université Le Havre Normandie, BP: 1123, 25 rue Philipe Lebon, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université Le Havre Normandie, BP: 1123, 25 rue Philipe Lebon, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France
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5
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Chortani S, Othman M, Lawson AM, Romdhane A, Ben Jannet H, Knorr M, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Daïch A. Aza-heterocyclic frameworks through intramolecular π-system trapping of spiro- N-acyliminiums generated from isoindolinone. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiro-acetoxylactams, obtained easily by the tandem carbonyl reduction/O-acylation, were submitted to acids giving through π-cationic cyclization aza-heterocyclic systems including amino-acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anis Romdhane
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry
- LR11ES39
- Faculty of Science of Monastir
- University of Monastir
- Avenue of Environment
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry
- LR11ES39
- Faculty of Science of Monastir
- University of Monastir
- Avenue of Environment
| | - Michael Knorr
- Institut UTINAM-UMR CNRS 6213
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 25030 Besançon
- France
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Anorganische Chemie
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ
- UNILEHAVRE
- FR 3038 CNRS
- URCOM
- 76600 Le Havre
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6
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Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Kumar RS, Mohammad Ali Al-Aizari AJ, Alaqeel SI, Kansız S, Krishna VS, Sriram D, Dege N. Regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of spiropyrroloquinoxaline grafted indole heterocyclic hybrids and evaluation of their anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23522-23531. [PMID: 35517328 PMCID: PMC9054781 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and eco compatible approach for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of structurally diverse novel spiropyrrolidine tethered indole hybrids in excellent yields employing a one-pot multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shatha Ibrahim Alaqeel
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University (034)
- Riyadh 11495
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Sevgi Kansız
- Department of Fundamental Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering
- Samsun University
- Samsun
- Turkey
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Medicinal Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory
- Pharmacy Group
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500078
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory
- Pharmacy Group
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500078
| | - Necmi Dege
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Ondokuz Mayıs University
- Samsun
- Turkey
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7
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Pesquet A, Marzag H, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Lawson AM, Ghinet A, Dubois J, Amaury F, Daïch A, Othman M. Access to 3-spiroindolizines containing an isoindole ring through intra-molecular arylation of spiro-N-acyliminium species: a new family of potent farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2798-2808. [PMID: 30793727 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02612b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Based on N-acyliminium species, two efficient and rapid approaches to diversify spirocyclic systems connected by two different carbon centers to the isoindole ring have been developed. The imide reduction and the tandem oxidative cleavage of olefin/formyl-amide equilibration were at first selected as the key steps for these strategies. Ultimately the intramolecular α-amidoalkylation reaction was achieved through the arylation of α-acetoxy lactams or α-hydroxy lactams using, respectively, a Lewis acid or a Brønsted acid depending on the nature of N-acyliminium precursors. The latter led, in addition to the spiro-6-membered aza-heterocycles, to the formation of scarce spiro-5-membered analogues which show promising inhibitory activities on human farnesyltransferase in the nanomolar range demonstrating improved IC50 values of up to 1.5 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pesquet
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France.
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8
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El Bouakher A, Martel A, Comesse S. α-Halogenoacetamides: versatile and efficient tools for the synthesis of complex aza-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8467-8485. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01683j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the use of α-alkyl- and α-alkoxy-halogenoacetamides as powerful partners for domino and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions resulting in a ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Martel
- IMMM
- UMR 6283 CNRS
- Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans
- France
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9
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Kayet A, Ajarul S, Paul S, Maiti DK. 5-Annulation of Ketoimines: TFA-Catalyzed Construction of Isoindolinone-3-carboxylates and Development of Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8401-8409. [PMID: 29979590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we have demonstrated the first report on 5-annulation of ketoimines to valuable isoindolinone-3-carboxylates. Instead of commonly used aldimine substrates, relatively less reactive ketoimines are employed for developing a TFA catalyzed organoreductive cyclization to furnish a variety of isoindolinones in excellent yield and reaction rate under mild reaction conditions. This is a metal-free event, which proceeds through a one pot ketoimine formation, hydride transfer from an organic reductant 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[ d]thiazole, and followed by five member cyclization sequences through TFA-activation of imine and ester groups. Studies on ESI-MS kinetics, leaving group aptitude, and control experiments led us to propose the mechanistic pathway of the new ketoimine-lactamization reaction. We have shown the synthetic utility of the emerging synthons through easy transformation of isoindolinones to different synthetic analogues. We investigated photophysical properties of the small molecules for their futuristic application as a pharmaceutical and materials, and the heterocycles displayed brilliant fluorescence activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Kayet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Sk Ajarul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Sima Paul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road , Kolkata 700009 , India
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10
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Mendoza-Pérez E, Vázquez A. Microwave-assisted synthesis of isoindolinones via Pd-mediated tandem coupling reactions. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPalladium (Pd) coupling reactions have become an indispensable tool in modern synthetic organic chemistry. A simple procedure to obtain isoindolinones 7 bearing a quaternary C-atom, featuring a Pd-mediated tandem process, is presented. Readily available iodoamidoacrylate 3 and boronic acids 6 are used as the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mendoza-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
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11
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Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Suresh Kumar R, Govindasami P, Al-Thamili DM, Krishnamoorthy R, Periasamy VS, Alshatwi AA, Mahalingam SM, Thangamani S, Menéndez JC. Multicomponent Domino Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Modeling Simulation of Complex Dispirooxindolopyrrolidines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051094. [PMID: 29734741 PMCID: PMC6100567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of spirooxindolopyrrolidine fused N-styrylpiperidone heterocyclic hybrids has been synthesized in excellent yield via a domino multicomponent protocol that involves one-pot three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and concomitant enamine reactions performed in an inexpensive ionic liquid, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br). Compounds thus synthesized were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against U-937 tumor cells. Interestingly; compounds 5i and 5m exhibited a better cytotoxicity than the anticancer drug bleomycin. In addition; the effect of the synthesized compounds on the nuclear morphology of U937 FaDu cells revealed that treatment with compounds 5a–m led to their apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Periyasami Govindasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dhaifallah M Al-Thamili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rajapandian Krishnamoorthy
- Nanobiotecnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotecnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S M Mahalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Synthesis of 3-acyl, methylene and epoxy substituted isoindolinone derivatives via the ortho-lithiation/cyclization procedures of aromatic imines with carbon monoxide. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Renal
Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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14
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Aliyenne A, Pin F, Nimbarte VD, Lawson AM, Comesse S, Sanselme M, Tognetti V, Joubert L, Daïch A. Bi(OTf)3
-Catalysed Access to 2,3-Substituted Isoindolinones and Tricyclic N,O-Acetals by Trapping of Bis-N
-Acyliminium Species in a Tandem Process. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aliyenne
- Normandie Univ.; UNIHAVRE; CNRS; URCOM 76600 Le Havre France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Nouakchott; Département des Sciences Exactes; B.P. 990 Ksar Nouakchott Mauritania
| | - Frédéric Pin
- Normandie Univ.; UNIHAVRE; CNRS; URCOM 76600 Le Havre France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ.; UNIHAVRE; CNRS; URCOM 76600 Le Havre France
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15
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Li HJ, Zhang YQ, Tang LF. A simple and efficient synthesis of isoindolinone derivatives based on reaction of ortho-lithiated aromatic imines with CO. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Kanchithalaivan S, Sumesh RV, Kumar RR. Ultrasound-assisted sequential multicomponent strategy for the combinatorial synthesis of novel coumarin hybrids. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:566-72. [PMID: 25133700 DOI: 10.1021/co500092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation reports an easy access to a library of novel spiro-oxindole-pyrrolizine or pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazole fused coumarin hybrid heterocycles through a one-pot sequential four-component reactions of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, salicylaldehydes, isatins, and cyclic α-amino acids under ultrasound irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kanchithalaivan
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Remani Vasudevan Sumesh
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu India
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