The influence of wavelength of light on cyanobacterial asymmetric reduction of ketone

Cyanobacteria-Mediated Light-Driven Biotransformation: The Current Status and Perspectives

Most chemicals are manufactured by traditional chemical processes but at the expense of toxic catalyst use, high energy consumption, and waste generation. Biotransformation is a green, sustainable, and cost-effective process. As cyanobacteria can use light as the energy source to power the synthesis of NADPH and ATP, using cyanobacteria as the chassis organisms to design and develop light-driven biotransformation platforms for chemical synthesis has been gaining attention, since it can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable and green production of chemicals. Meanwhile, metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques have tremendous prospects for further engineering and optimizing chassis cells to achieve efficient light-driven systems for synthesizing various chemicals. Here, we display the potential of cyanobacteria as a promising light-driven biotransformation platform for the efficient synthesis of green chemicals and current achievements of light-driven biotransformation processes in wild-type or genetically modified cyanobacteria. Meanwhile, future perspectives of one-pot enzymatic cascade biotransformation from biobased materials in cyanobacteria have been proposed, which could provide additional research insights for green biotransformation and accelerate the advancement of biomanufacturing industries.

Light emitting diodes applied in Synechococcus nidulans cultures: Effect on growth, pigments production and lipid profiles

Researches about light emitting diodes (LEDs) as energy source in microalgae cultivations has been growing in recent years due to its spectral quality, durability and reduced energy consumption. In this study, green, red and yellow LEDs were evaluated as energy source in Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 cultures. Productivities and specific growth rates were up to 2.5 times greater than in cultures using fluorescent light. The different LED colors evaluated did not influence the chlorophyll, carotenoid or lipid productions. Biomass cultivated with LEDs showed high amounts of saturated fatty acids (above 48%), which is desirable for biodiesel production. In addition to the Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 growth stimulation, the application of green, red and yellow LEDs in the cultivations produces potential biomass for biodiesel synthesis and other industrial interest biomolecules utilization.

Metabolic relation of cyanobacteria to aromatic compounds

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green (micro)algae, are able to sustain many types of chemical stress because of metabolic adaptations that allow them to survive and successfully compete in a variety of ecosystems, including polluted ones. As photoautotrophic bacteria, these microorganisms synthesize aromatic amino acids, which are precursors for a large variety of substances that contain aromatic ring(s) and that are naturally formed in the cells of these organisms. Hence, the transformation of aromatic secondary metabolites by cyanobacteria is the result of the possession of a suitable "enzymatic apparatus" to carry out the biosynthesis of these compounds according to cellular requirements. Another crucial aspect that should be evaluated using varied criteria is the response of cyanobacteria to the presence of extracellular aromatic compounds. Some aspects of the relationship between aromatic compounds and cyanobacteria such as the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds, the influence of aromatic compounds on these organisms and the fate of aromatic substances inside microalgal cells are presented in this paper. The search for this information has suggested that there is a lack of knowledge about the regulation of the biosynthesis of aromatic substances and about the transport of these compounds into cyanobacterial cells. These aspects are of pivotal importance with regard to the biotransformation of aromatic compounds and understanding them may be the goals of future research.

Metabolic relation of cyanobacteria to aromatic compounds

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green (micro)algae, are able to sustain many types of chemical stress because of metabolic adaptations that allow them to survive and successfully compete in a variety of ecosystems, including polluted ones. As photoautotrophic bacteria, these microorganisms synthesize aromatic amino acids, which are precursors for a large variety of substances that contain aromatic ring(s) and that are naturally formed in the cells of these organisms. Hence, the transformation of aromatic secondary metabolites by cyanobacteria is the result of the possession of a suitable "enzymatic apparatus" to carry out the biosynthesis of these compounds according to cellular requirements. Another crucial aspect that should be evaluated using varied criteria is the response of cyanobacteria to the presence of extracellular aromatic compounds. Some aspects of the relationship between aromatic compounds and cyanobacteria such as the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds, the influence of aromatic compounds on these organisms and the fate of aromatic substances inside microalgal cells are presented in this paper. The search for this information has suggested that there is a lack of knowledge about the regulation of the biosynthesis of aromatic substances and about the transport of these compounds into cyanobacterial cells. These aspects are of pivotal importance with regard to the biotransformation of aromatic compounds and understanding them may be the goals of future research.

Performance of the mixed LED light quality on the growth and energy efficiency of Arthrospira platensis

The effect of mixed light quality with red, blue, and green LED lamps on the growth of Arthrospira platensis was studied, so as to lay the theoretical and technical basis for establishing a photo-bioreactor lighting system for application in space. Meanwhile, indexes, like morphology, growth rate, photosynthetic pigment compositions, energy efficiency, and main nutritional components, were measured respectively. The results showed that the blue light combined with red light could decrease the tightness of filament, and the effect of green light was opposite. The combination of blue light or green light with red light induced the filaments to get shorter in length. The 8R2B treatment could promote the growth of Arthrospira platensis significantly, and its dry weight reached 1.36 g L^-1, which was 25.93% higher than the control. What's more, 8R2B treatment had the highest contents of carbohydrate and lipid, while 8R2G was rich in protein. 8R0.5G1.5B had the highest efficiency of biomass production, which was 161.53 mg L^-1 kW^-1 h^-1. Therefore, the combination of red and blue light is more conducive to the growth of Arthrospira platensis, and a higher biomass production and energy utilization efficiency can be achieved simultaneously under the mixed light quality with the ratio of 8R0.5G1.5B.

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) applied to microalgal production

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will become one of the world's most important light sources and their integration in microalgal production systems (photobioreactors) needs to be considered. LEDs can improve the quality and quantity of microalgal biomass when applied during specific growth phases. However, microalgae need a balanced mix of wavelengths for normal growth, and respond to light differently according to the pigments acquired or lost during their evolutionary history. This review highlights recently published results on the effect of LEDs on microalgal physiology and biochemistry and how this knowledge can be applied in selecting different LEDs with specific technical properties for regulating biomass production by microalgae belonging to diverse taxonomic groups.