One-pot synthesis of aryl alkyl thioethers and diaryl disulfides using carbon disulfide as a sulfur surrogate in the presence of diethylamine catalyzed by copper(I) iodide in polyethylene glycol (PEG200)

Silver Natural Asphalt Sulfonate (NA-SO3Ag): Fabrication and Utilization as a New Heterogeneous, Carbonaceous, and Retrievable Nanocatalyst for C(sp2)-X (X = C, S, and Se) Bond Formation

Silver-based catalysts are valuable catalysts in various areas of the chemical industry, organic syntheses, and transformations, and from a chemical and industrial point of view, their recycling is very important. Herein, silver natural asphalt sulfonate (NA-SO3Ag) was fabricated via the grafting of Ag(I) on the surface of the solid natural asphalt sulfonate as a novel and efficient recoverable sliver nanocatalyst. Natural asphalt is one of the hydrocarbons that are found in mineral veins. The structure of NA-SO3Ag was characterized by diverse microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) techniques. The NA-SO3Ag nanocatalyst was utilized for C-Se and C-S bond formation via coupling reactions of aryl halides and organic disulfides/diselenides to afford a wide variety of diaryl sulfides/selenides in good to excellent yields. Additionally, the utilization of NA-SO3Ag in C-C bond formation was examined in Suzuki coupling reactions successfully. For at least 6 trials, this heterogeneous catalyst can be separated and reused without any activity reduction.

Magnetic mesocellular foams with nickel complexes: as efficient and reusable nanocatalysts for the synthesis of symmetrical and asymmetrical diaryl chalcogenides

In this work, magnetic mesocellular foam (M-MCF) silica nanoparticles were prepared via inserting magnetic nanoparticles into the pores of mesocellular foams, the inner surface of which was functionalized with a methionine-nickel complex (M-MCF@Met-Ni). The structure of the as-prepared nanocatalysts was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, BET, TGA, VSM, SEM, HR-TEM, EDS, WDX, XRD, and ICP-OES techniques. Thereafter, this nanocatalyst was used as a new, effective, and magnetically reusable catalyst for C-S and C-Se bond formation under mild conditions. All corresponding products were prepared with good yields and appropriate turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF), which reveals the high activity of this magnetic nanocatalyst in both reactions. In addition, the recovery and hot filtration tests indicated that this catalyst could be simply separated from the reaction mixture using an outside magnet and reused five consecutive times without any significant loss of its catalyst activity or metal leaching.

Copper-Catalyzed C–S Formation for the Synthesis of Benzyl Phenyl Sulfides from Dithiocarbamates

An odorless and efficient protocol for the synthesis of benzyl phenyl sulfides is reported. Starting from environmentally friendly phenyl dithiocarbamates and commercially available benzyl halides as starting materials, the target compounds (benzyl phenyl sulfides) could be obtained smoothly and easily by using copper salt as catalyst and Cs2CO3 as base. This method features ligand/additive-free, the use of readily available starting materials, inexpensive catalysts, and good substrate suitability, illustrating its potentially synthetic value for the convenient preparation of some biologically active molecules.

Supported Cu(II)-Schiff base: novel heterogeneous catalyst with extremely high activity for eco-friendly, one-pot and multi-component C-S bond-forming reaction toward a wide range of thioethers as biologically active cores

An effective and proficient process for the synthesis of a variety of thioethers via the one-step reaction of benzyl halides, aryl halides, and thiourea is presented. This strategy is a one-pot procedure to achieve a variety of thioethers without the requirement to thiols as starting compounds. A range of thioethers containing electron donating/electron-withdrawing functional groups were obtained with good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Moreover, the nanocatalyst exhibited excellent recyclability for the reaction, making it more sustainable. One-pot and multi-component synthesis, high yields of final products, green reaction media, high activity of nanocatalyst, simple separation of the products and catalyst, and high regioselectivity are several highlights of this method.

Microwave Assisted Surfactant-Thermal Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework Materials

This research explores the application of surfactants as green solvents for the rapid microwave synthesis of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials. Lead, copper, and iron metal-organic framework materials were synthesized using surfactant-thermal microwave synthesis. The MOF materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. With the exception of the iron MOF, which was expected to be amorphous, the MOF materials are crystalline, though generally exhibiting smaller crystals than those achieved with traditional solvothermal synthesis. This green synthetic method reduced synthesis time and reduced the use of traditional organic solvents as the reaction media.

Pd (II) Immobilized on Clinoptilolite as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Ullmann Coupling-type S-arylation of Thiols with Aryl Halides

BACKGROUND

There are a number of protocols for Ullmann coupling-type S-arylation reactions, many of them suffer from the use of homogenous and often corrosive catalyst, cumbersome workup procedures, and long reaction times. Besides, many of these reagents are expensive and non-recoverable, leading to the generation of a large amount of toxic waste particularly when large-scale applications are considered.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to prepare a new Pd catalyst bonded on the surface of zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst.

METHODS

A heterogeneous palladium catalyst has been prepared by immobilizing Pd ions on Clinoptilolite. This novel developed heterogeneous catalyst was thoroughly examined for Ullmann coupling-type S-arylation reaction using different bases, solvents and 0.003 mg of the catalyst. The structural and morphological characterizations of the catalyst were carried out using XRD, TGA, BET and TEM techniques.

RESULTS

Highly efficient heterogeneous palladium catalyst has been developed by immobilizing Pd ions on Clinoptilolite, as one of the most abundant naturally occurring zeolites for Ullmann Sarylation. By using this method, we provide an efficient way to a wide variety of substituted thiolic compounds. Moreover, the catalyst is easily recovered using simple filtration and reused for 5 consecutive runs.

CONCLUSION

In this effort, we developed a new Pd catalyst bonded on the surface of zeolite as a substrate to prepare the heterogeneous catalyst. We demonstrate that this novel catalyst offers reliable and convincing data that may offer a valuable application in further developing the science and technology of Ullmann reaction protocols and allied industries. Additionally, the catalyst was reusable and kept its high activities over a number of cycles.

Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Arylthioindoles Employing a 1-Aryltriazene/CS2 Combination as a New Sulfenylation Source

A practical approach for the regioselective synthesis of 3-arylthioindoles has been accomplished using a combination of 1-aryltriazene/CS₂ as a new sulfenylation source. The methodology employs molecular iodine as a catalyst and is compatible with a variety of structurally diverse reactants.

CuI promoted sulfenylation of organozinc reagents with arylsulfonyl chlorides

A CuI promoted sulfenylation of organozinc reagents with arylsulfonyl chlorides/PPh₃ has been explored.

Visible light catalyzed methylsulfoxidation of (het)aryl diazonium salts using DMSO

The visible light catalyzed methylsulfoxidation of (het)aryl diazonium salts using DMSO is illustrated.

The synthesis of symmetrical disulfides by reacting organic halides with Na2S2O3·5H2O in DMSO

Symmetrical disulfides were prepared by heating organic halides with Na₂S₂O₃ in DMSO in high yields and good purities.

Fe–Cu catalyzed synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryl thioethers using 1,3-benzoxazole-2-thiol as a sulfur surrogate

An efficient Fe–Cu catalyzed approach is herein developed using 1,3-benzoxazole-2-thiol as a thiol surrogate for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryl thioethers.

CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticle catalyzed odorless synthesis of sulfides using phenylboronic acid and aryl halides in the presence of S8

The ligand-free synthesis of sulfides is reported in the presence of CuFe₂O₄ as a magnetically reusable nanocatalyst in PEG.

One-pot odorless thia-Michael reaction by copper ferrite nanoparticle-catalyzed reaction of elemental sulfur, aryl halides and electron-deficient alkenes

One-pot CuFe₂O₄ catalyzed reaction of aryl halides or boronic acids with sulfur and electron-deficient alkenes for generation of sulfides.

Ligand-free Cu-catalyzed odorless synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides through cross-coupling reaction of aryl/benzyl/alkyl halides with an aryl boronic acid/S8 system as a thiolating agent in PEG

Efficient one-pot, one-step synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides has been reported under mild reaction conditions with good yields in green solvent.