Pterin-based highly selective, ratiometric, and sensitive ‘naked-eye’ sensor for acetate

Synthesis, Redox and Spectroscopic Properties of Pterin of Molybdenum Cofactors

Pterins are bicyclic heterocycles that are found widely across Nature and are involved in a variety of biological functions. Notably, pterins are found at the core of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) containing enzymes in the molybdopterin (MPT) ligand that coordinates molybdenum and facilitates cofactor activity. Pterins are diverse and can be widely functionalized to tune their properties. Herein, the general methods of synthesis, redox and spectroscopic properties of pterin are discussed to provide more insight into pterin chemistry and their importance to biological systems.

Exploring the scope of DBU-promoted amidations of 7-methoxycarbonylpterin

The synthetic utility of pterins is often hampered by the notorious insolubility of this heterocycle, slowing the development of medicinally relevant pteridine derivatives. Reactions which expedite the development of new pterins are thus of great importance. Through a dual role of diazabicycloundecene (DBU), 7-carboxymethylpterin is converted to the soluble DBU salt, with additional DBU promoting an ester-to-amide transformation. We have explored this reaction to assess its scope and identify structural features in the amines which significantly affect success, monitored the reaction kinetics using a pseudo-first order kinetics model, and further adapted the reaction conditions to allow for product formation in as little as 5 min, with yields often >80%.

A concise treatment of pterins: some recent synthetic and methodology aspects and their applications in molecular sensors

A concise account of pterins in chemistry and biology and their applications in molecular sensors including their optical spectroscopic properties are described. Different natural, synthetic, biological and photophysical aspects are also discussed. Synthetic access to direct functionalised pterins and a recently reported new thiophene annulation technique are described for the synthesis of Form B of molybdenum cofactor. The receptor properties of fluorescent pterin molecules including selenopyrimidines which are rarely reported for their binding of anions and neutral molecules are also of major importance in this review. For such an old and still so young, unexplored pterin system on its power to be sensitive for physical studies especially the interaction with cations, anions and neutral molecules are fascinating and research in this area is relatively new and expected to increase fast. Pterin based receptors are for the first time put into a useful review for the advantage of those who want to explore pterin and modified pterin as chromogenic and fluorogenic sensors.

A novel colorimetric and fluorescent iminocoumarin-based chemosensor for acetate ion and its application to living cell imaging

A novel colorimetric and fluorescent iminocoumarin-based turn-off chemosensor for acetate ion was designed and synthesized. The chemosensor could fast detect acetate ion in a 1:1 ratio within 150 ms, which could not be affected by various coexisting anions, even F(-). Futher studies showed that the detect limit was as low as 2.05×10(-7) M, and the binding constant was determined to be 1.02×10(8) M(-1). Due to these unique properties, the chemosensor showed potential application in intracellular imaging.

Amido-Schiff base derivatives as colorimetric fluoride sensor: Effect of nitro substitution on the sensitivity and color change

A series of Schiff bases synthesized by the condensation of benzohydrazide and -NO2 substituted benzaldehyde have been used as selective fluoride ion sensor. Test paper coated with these synthetic Schiff bases (test kits) can detect fluoride ion selectively with a drastic color change and detection can be achieved by just using the naked-eye without the help of any optical instrument. Interestingly, the position of -NO2 group in the amido Schiff bases has an effect on the sensitivity as well as on the change of color of species.

A single probe for sensing both acetate and aluminum(iii): visible region detection, red fluorescence and human breast cancer cell imaging

A single probe (L) can recognise both AcO⁻ and Al³⁺ as prepared by coupling 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with hydrazine. The probe allows both colorimetric and fluorescence detection of both the ions.