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Dong X, Tang Z, Ye L, Shi Z, Zhao Z, Li X. Stereoselective Synthesis of Dihydrofuranoindoles via the Friedel-Crafts Alkylation/Annulation Cascade Process. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11607-11617. [PMID: 32830980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective annulation protocol was developed to construct dihydrofuranoindoles from readily available starting materials. In the presence of a bifunctional squaramide, the Friedel-Crafts alkylation/annulation cascade process occurred smoothly to provide dihydrofuranoindoles in 26-95% isolated yields exclusively as trans-diastereomers (38-99% ee). This catalytic protocol was compatible with a range of structurally distinct hydroxyindoles bearing the hydroxyl group at different positions, providing four kinds of dihydrofuranoindoles. Moreover, gram-scale synthesis and further synthetic manipulation of the product were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhishun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhichuan Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Kiakos K, Englinger B, Yanow SK, Wernitznig D, Jakupec MA, Berger W, Keppler BK, Hartley JA, Lee M, Patil PC. Design, synthesis, nuclear localization, and biological activity of a fluorescent duocarmycin analog, HxTfA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1342-1347. [PMID: 29548574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
HxTfA 4 is a fluorescent analog of a potent cytotoxic and antimalarial agent, TfA 3, which is currently being investigated for the development of an antimalarial vaccine, PlasProtect®. HxTfA contains a p-anisylbenzimidazole or Hx moiety, which is endowed with a blue emission upon excitation at 318 nm; thus enabling it to be used as a surrogate for probing the cellular fate of TfA using confocal microscopy, and addressing the question of nuclear localization. HxTfA exhibits similar selectivity to TfA for A-tract sequences of DNA, alkylating adenine-N3, albeit at 10-fold higher concentrations. It also possesses in vitro cytotoxicity against A549 human lung carcinoma cells and Plasmodium falciparum. Confocal microscopy studies showed for the first time that HxTfA, and by inference TfA, entered A549 cells and localized in the nucleus to exert its biological activity. At biologically relevant concentrations, HxTfA elicits DNA damage response as evidenced by a marked increase in the levels of γH2AX observed by confocal microscopy and immunoblotting studies, and ultimately induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kiakos
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - John A Hartley
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Pravin C Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
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Chanda PB, Boyle KE, Brody DM, Shukla V, Boger DL. Synthesis and evaluation of duocarmycin SA analogs incorporating the methyl 1,2,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]imidazolo[4,5-e]indol-4-one-6-carboxylate (CImI) alkylation subunit. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4779-4786. [PMID: 27221071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and evaluation of methyl 1,2,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]imidazolo[4,5-e]indol-4-one-6-carboxylate (CImI) derivatives are detailed representing analogs of duocarmycin SA and yatakemycin containing an imidazole replacement for the fused pyrrole found in the DNA alkylation subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem B Chanda
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristopher E Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel M Brody
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vyom Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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One-Pot Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Studies of Quinoline Based Blue Emitting Donor-Acceptor Chromophores with Their Biological Application. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1203-13. [PMID: 26303053 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Blue emitting cyano substituted isoquinoline dyes were synthesized by one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of aldehydes, malononitrile, 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalin-1-one and ammonium acetate. Results obtained from spectroscopic (FT-IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, EI-MS) and elemental analysis of synthesized compounds was in good agreement with their chemical structures. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements proved that all compounds are good absorbent and fluorescent. Fluorescence polarity study demonstrated that these compounds were sensitive to the polarity of the microenvironment provided by different solvents. In addition, spectroscopic and physicochemical parameters, including electronic absorption, excitation coefficient, stokes shift, oscillator strength, transition dipole moment and fluorescence quantum yield were investigated in order to explore the analytical potential of synthesized compounds. The anti-bacterial activity of these compounds were first studied in vitro by the disk diffusion assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined with the reference of standard drug chloramphenicol. The results displayed that compound 3 was better inhibitors of both types of the bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) than chloramphenicol. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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