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Sarkar SK, Pegu M, Behera SK, Narra SK, Thilagar P. Aggregation‐Induced and Polymorphism‐Dependent Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Characteristics of an Oligothiophene: Applications in Time‐Dependent Live Cell Multicolour Imaging. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4588-4593. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Meenakshi Pegu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Siva Krishna Narra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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O'Hara C, Yang CH, Francis AJ, Newell BS, Wang H, Resendiz MJE. Photocycloaddition of S, S-Dioxo-benzothiophene-2-methanol, Reactivity in the Solid State and in Solution: Mechanistic Studies and Diastereoselective Formation of Cyclobutyl Rings. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9714-9725. [PMID: 31298854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of cyclobutane rings is a promising strategy in the development of potential drugs and/or synthetic intermediates, typically challenging to obtain due to their constrained nature. In this work, the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction of S,S-dioxobenzothiophene-2-methanol was explored in microcrystalline powders and its outcome was compared to that observed in solution. It was found that the molecular constraints inherited within the crystal lattice provide an optimal environment that leads to photodimer 4 as the major product in ca. 9.6:0.4 diastereomeric ratios with conversions >95%. The photoreaction was analyzed via X-ray, displaying a crystalline-to-amorphous transformation and showing that units of monomer 2 align to generate the corresponding dimer with a syn-head-to-tail regio- and diastereoselectivity. This result contrasted with that obtained in solution, where the diastereomeric ratio varied as a function of the excited state that is generated, to yield mixtures of dimers 4 and 5 (anti-head-to-tail), or exclusively 5 in the triplet-sensitized photoreaction, in the presence of benzophenone. Density functional theory was used to elucidate a plausible detailed mechanism for the phototransformation, which aided in justifying the results that led to the corresponding dimers. X-ray crystallography allowed us to establish the stereochemical assignment of the obtained cyclobutyl rings. Thus, the use of solid-state or solution photochemistry can be used to gain control of diastereo- and regioselectivities in the formation of this important moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea O'Hara
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Chou-Hsun Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Andrew J Francis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Brian S Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Central Instrument Facility , Colorado State University , C1D Chemistry Building 1872, Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523-1872 , United States
| | - Haobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Marino J E Resendiz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
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Leyva E, de Loera D, Espinosa-González CG, Noriega S. Physicochemical Properties and Photochemical Reactions in Organic Crystals. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666190313152105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Molecular organic photochemistry is concerned with the description of physical and chemical processes generated upon the absorption of photons by organic molecules. Recently, it has become an important part of many areas of science: chemistry, biology, biochemistry, medicine, biophysics, material science, analytical chemistry, among others. Many synthetic chemists are using photochemical reactions in crystals to generate different types of organic compounds since this methodology represents a green chemistry approach.Objective & Method:Chemical reactions in crystals are quite different from reactions in solution. The range of organic solid state reactions and the degree of control which could be achieved under these conditions are quite wider and subtle. Therefore, for a large number of molecular crystals, the photochemical outcome is not the expected product based on topochemical principles. To explain these experimental results, several physicochemical factors in crystal structure have been proposed such as defects, reaction cavity, dynamic preformation or photoinduced lattice instability and steric compression control. In addition, several crystal engineering strategies have been developed to bring molecules into adequate orientations with reactive groups in good proximity to synthesize complex molecules that in many cases are not available by conventional methods. Some strategies involve structural modifications like intramolecular substitution with different functional groups to modify intermolecular interactions. Other strategies involve chemical techniques such as mixed crystal formation, charge transfer complexes, ionic and organometallic interactions. Furthermore, some examples of the single crystal to single crystal transformations have also been developed showing an elegant method to achieve regio and stereoselectivity in a photochemical reaction.Conclusion:The several examples given in this review paper have shown the wide scope of photochemical reactions in organic molecular crystals. There are several advantages of carrying photochemical reaction in the solid state. Production of materials unobtainable by the traditional solution phase reactions, improved specificity, reduction of impurities, and enhancement in the yields by the reduction of side reactions. These advantages and the multidisciplinary nature of solid-state photochemistry make this discipline quite likely to develop a lot in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Leyva
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Denisse de Loera
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Claudia G. Espinosa-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Saúl Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; Manuel Nava No. 6. Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
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Formation of a trithia[5]helicene in an unexpected photoreaction of a methyl-substituted bis(dithienylethenyl)thiophene through a double sequence of 6π-electrocyclization/aromatization (dehydrogenation/demethylation). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yamamoto A, Matsui Y, Asada T, Kumeda M, Takagi K, Suenaga Y, Nagae K, Ohta E, Sato H, Koseki S, Naito H, Ikeda H. Amorphous Solid Simulation and Trial Fabrication of the Organic Field-Effect Transistor of Tetrathienonaphthalenes Prepared by Using Microflow Photochemical Reactions: A Theoretical Calculation-Inspired Investigation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3168-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
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