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Zhang X. Vallesamidine and schizozygane alkaloids: rearranged monoterpene indole alkaloids and synthetic endeavours. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:784-812. [PMID: 38275179 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Covering 1963 to 2023Monoterpene indole alkaloids are the main sub-family of indole alkaloids with fascinating structures, stereochemistry, and diverse bioactivities (e.g., anticancer, anti-malarial and anti-arrhythmic etc.). Vallesamidine alkaloids and structurally more complex schizozygane alkaloids are small groups of rearranged monoterpene indole alkaloids with a unique 2,2,3-trialkylated indoline scaffold, while schizozygane alkaloids can generate a further rearranged skeleton, isoschizozygane, possessing a tetra-substituted, bridged tetrahydroquinoline core. In this review, the origin and structural features of vallesamidine and schizozygane alkaloids are introduced, and a discussion on the relationship of these alkaloids with aspidosperma alkaloids and a structural rearrangement hypothesis based on published studies is followed. Moreover, uncommon skeletons and potential bioactivities, such as anti-malarial and anti-tumour activities, make such alkaloids important synthetic targets, attracting research groups globally to accomplish total synthesis, resulting in impressive works on novel total synthesis, formal synthesis, and construction of key intermediates. These synthetic endeavours are systematically reviewed and highlighted with key strategies and efficiencies, providing different viewpoints on molecular structures and promoting the extension of chemical space and mining of new active scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Diagnostic Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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2
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Harikumar S, Kandy LTK, Guin A, Biju AT. Lewis acid-catalyzed one-pot thioalkenylation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes using in situ generated dithiocarbamates and propiolates. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1834-1838. [PMID: 38334700 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lewis acid-catalyzed one-pot 1,3-thioalkenylation of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes has been demonstrated employing in situ generated dithiocarbamates (from amines and CS2) as nucleophilic triggers and alkyl propiolates as electrophiles. This method addresses the limitations of previously known carbothiolation approach, eliminating the need for extra filtration prior to the subsequent trapping with electrophiles. The anticipated thioalkenylated products were obtained in good to excellent yields with a moderate to good E/Z ratio. Three new bonds (C-N, C-S, and C-C) are formed during this 1,3-bisfunctionalization reaction. Notably, employing enantiomerically pure D-A cyclopropanes resulted in enantiopure 1,3-thioalkenylated products, underscoring the stereospecific nature of the developed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevni Harikumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | | | - Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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3
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Ahlburg NL, Hergert O, Jones PG, Werz DB. Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Activation Enabled by a Single, Vinylogous Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214390. [PMID: 36322458 PMCID: PMC10099577 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of highly activated donor-acceptor cyclopropanes bearing only a single, vinylogous acceptor is presented. These strained moieties readily undergo cycloadditions with aldehydes, ketones, thioketones, nitriles, naphth-2-ols and various other substrates to yield the corresponding carbo- and heterocycles. Diastereocontrol can be achieved through the choice of catalyst (Brønsted or Lewis acid). The formation of tetrahydrofurans was shown to be highly enantiospecific when chiral cyclopropanes are employed. A series of mechanistic and kinetic experiments was conducted to elucidate a plausible catalytic cycle and to rationalize the stereochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Ahlburg
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Oliver Hergert
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgInstitute of Organic ChemistryAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg (Breisgau)Germany
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4
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Ahlburg NL, Hergert O, Jones PG, Werz DB. Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Activation Enabled by a Single, Vinylogous Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Ahlburg
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Oliver Hergert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Institute of Organic Chemistry Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg (Breisgau) Germany
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5
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Wang J, Xie J, Lee WCC, Wang DS, Zhang XP. Radical differentiation of two ester groups in unsymmetrical diazomalonates for highly asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation. CHEM CATALYSIS 2022; 2:330-344. [PMID: 35494099 PMCID: PMC9049825 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diazomalonates have been demonstrated as effective metalloradicophiles for asymmetric radical olefin cyclopropanation via Co(II)-metalloradical catalysis (MRC). Supported by D 2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin ligand, Co(II)-based metalloradical system can efficiently activate unsymmetrical methyl phenyl diazomalonate (MPDM) with effective differentiation of the two ester groups for asymmetric cyclopropanation, enabling stereoselective construction of 1,1-cyclopropanediesters bearing two contiguous chiral centers, including all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center. The Co(II)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation, which operates at room temperature without slow addition of the diazo compound, is generally applicable to broad-ranging olefins and tolerates various functionalities, providing a streamlined synthesis of chiral 1,1-cyclopropanediesters in high yields with both high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Combined computational and experimental studies support the underlying stepwise radical mechanism for Co(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation. In addition to functioning as 1,3-dipoles for forming five-membered structures, enantioenriched (E)-1,1-cyclopropanediesters serve as useful building blocks for stereoselective synthesis of different cyclopropane derivatives. In addition, the enantioenriched (E)-1,1-cyclopropanediesters can be stereoselectively converted to (Z)-diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Duo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
- Lead contact
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhang X, Anderson JC. A Divergent Synthetic Route to the Vallesamidine and Schizozygine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Vallesamidine and (+)‐14,15‐Dehydrostrempeliopine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - James C. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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7
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Zhang X, Anderson JC. A Divergent Synthetic Route to the Vallesamidine and Schizozygine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of (+)-Vallesamidine and (+)-14,15-Dehydrostrempeliopine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18040-18045. [PMID: 31538685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of representative members of the schizozygine alkaloids, (+)-vallesamidine and (+)-14,15-dehydrostrempeliopine, were completed from a late-stage divergent intermediate. The synthesis took advantage of efficient nitro-group reactions with the A/B/C ring skeleton constructed concisely on a gram scale through an asymmetric Michael addition, nitro-Mannich/lactamisation, Tsuji-Trost allylation, and intramolecular C-N coupling reaction. Other key features of the synthesis are a novel [1,4] hydride transfer/Mannich-type cyclisation to build ring E and a diastereoselective ring-closing metathesis reaction to construct ring D. This approach gave access to a late-stage C14,C15 alkene divergent intermediate that could be simply transformed into (+)-vallesamidine, (+)-14,15-dehydrostrempeliopine, and potentially other schizozygine alkaloids and unnatural derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - James C Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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8
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Marri G, Justaud F, Das S, Grée R. α-β Unsaturated Acylsilanes as Surrogates of Acrolein for Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reactions. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangababu Marri
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road 500007 Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Frédéric Justaud
- CNRS; ISCR (Institute for Chemical Sciences in Rennes); Univ Rennes; UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Saibal Das
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road 500007 Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - René Grée
- CNRS; ISCR (Institute for Chemical Sciences in Rennes); Univ Rennes; UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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Mantel M, Guder M, Pietruszka J. Simple organocatalysts in multi-step reactions: An efficient one-pot Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type α-hydroxymethylation of vinyl ketones followed by the convenient, temperature-controlled one-pot etherification using alcohols. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Goli N, Kallepu S, Mainkar PS, Lakshmi JK, Chegondi R, Chandrasekhar S. Synthetic Strategy toward the Pentacyclic Core of Melodinus Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2244-2249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Goli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Rambabu Chegondi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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11
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Ivanova OA, Chagarovskiy AO, Shumsky AN, Krasnobrov VD, Levina II, Trushkov IV. Lewis Acid Triggered Vinylcyclopropane-Cyclopentene Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2017; 83:543-560. [PMID: 29110480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a mild Lewis acid induced isomerization of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes, containing an alkenyl moiety and diverse electron-withdrawing group(s) at the adjacent positions, into substituted cyclopentenes. We have found that 1,1,2-trisubstituted cyclopent-3-enes were exclusively obtained in yield of 51-99% when cyclopropanes with a 2-substituted alkenyl group as a donor underwent isomerization. For cyclopropanes bearing a trisubstituted alkenyl group either the corresponding cyclopent-3-enes or isomeric cyclopent-2-enes having two acceptor groups at the C(1) atom were formed, with the reaction selectivity being determined by the applied Lewis acid. We have shown that the reactivity of the donor-acceptor cyclopropane increases with the increase of the electron-donating character of (hetero)aromatic group attached to the alkenyl moiety. The synthetic utility of the developed methodology was also demonstrated through the synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopentane and piperidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey O Chagarovskiy
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology , Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Science, RUDN University , Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey N Shumsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Kosygina 4, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Vasiliy D Krasnobrov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Irina I Levina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Kosygina 4, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology , Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Science, RUDN University , Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
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12
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Liu J, Wang L, Qing X, Zhang F, Wang T, Wang C. Synergistic NaBH 4Reduction/Cyclization of 2-Aroylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates: Synthesis of 3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
- Taizhou Polytechnic College; 225300 Taizhou P. R. China
| | - Xushun Qing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Feixiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
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13
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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O'Connor NR, Wood JL, Stoltz BM. Synthetic Applications and Methodological Developments of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Related Compounds. Isr J Chem 2016; 56:431-444. [PMID: 31118539 PMCID: PMC6527366 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes are convenient precursors to reactive and versatile 1,3-dipoles, and have found application in the synthesis of a variety of carbo- and heterocyclic scaffolds. This perspective review details our laboratory's use of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes as intermediates toward the total synthesis of various natural products. We also discuss our work in the development of novel cycloadditions and rearrangements of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes and aziridines, as well as an example of an aryne insertion proceeding via fragmentation of a transient donor-acceptor cyclobutane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R O'Connor
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - John L Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 (USA)
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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15
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Xue S, Liu J, Wang C. DBU-Mediated [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Nitromethane: Efficient Strategy for the Construction of Isoxazole Skeletons. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Xiao JA, Xia PJ, Zhang XY, Chen XQ, Ou GC, Yang H. Amide-assisted intramolecular [3+2] annulation of cyclopropane ring-opening: a facile and diastereoselective access to the tricyclic core of (±)-scandine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2177-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The amide-linked intramolecular [3+2] annulation of cyclopropane ring-opening has been developed to rapidly and diastereoselectively install the tricyclic dihydroquinolinone core of (±)-scandine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South/Department of Biology and Chemistry
- Hunan University of Science and Engineering
- Yongzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Chuan Ou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South/Department of Biology and Chemistry
- Hunan University of Science and Engineering
- Yongzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
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17
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Budynina EM, Ivanova OA, Chagarovskiy AO, Grishin YK, Trushkov IV, Melnikov MY. Formal [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes to 1,3-Dienes: Cyclopentane Assembly. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12212-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M. Budynina
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitrii Rogachev, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga A. Ivanova
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitrii Rogachev, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey O. Chagarovskiy
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitrii Rogachev, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri K. Grishin
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitrii Rogachev, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ya. Melnikov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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18
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Thankachan AP, Sindhu KS, Krishnan KK, Anilkumar G. Recent advances in the syntheses, transformations and applications of 1,1-dihalocyclopropanes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8780-802. [PMID: 26173173 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
gem-Dihalocyclopropanes have wide-spread applications in organic synthesis due to their versatile chemistry. They can serve as substrates for a large range of useful materials such as natural products, alkaloids, cyclopropanes, heterocycles, aromatic ring systems etc. Normally the dihalocyclopropanes are prepared by the addition of dihalocarbene to alkene, but due to the great synthetic efficacy of gem-dihalocyclopropanes a number of methods have been developed for their synthesis. Generally gem-dihalocyclopropanes exist as strained cyclic systems with astonishing kinetic stability. They are capable of undergoing transformations leading to a variety of products which have potential applications in various synthetic organic chemistry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha P Thankachan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560.
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