1
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Liu X, Chen C, Yuan H, Tang X, Jiang R, Gao Y, Nie H. Double Asymmetric Hydrogenation of (E)‐2‐Substituted‐4‐oxo‐2‐alkenoic Acids: An Efficient Synthesis of Chiral α, γ‐Disubstituted γ‐Butyrolactones. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine School of Pharmacy Taiping Road 710032 Xi'an CHINA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital The second medical center CHINA
| | - Haohuan Yuan
- Air Force Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Ru Jiang
- The Fourth Military Medical University School of Pharmacy 169 Changle West Road 710032 Xian CHINA
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Huifang Nie
- Air Force Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
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2
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Rabuffetti M, Cannazza P, Contente ML, Pinto A, Romano D, Hoyos P, Alcantara AR, Eberini I, Laurenzi T, Gourlay L, Di Pisa F, Molinari F. Structural insights into the desymmetrization of bulky 1,2-dicarbonyls through enzymatic monoreduction. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104644. [PMID: 33486371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzil reductases are dehydrogenases preferentially active on aromatic 1,2-diketones, but the reasons for this peculiar substrate recognition have not yet been clarified. The benzil reductase (KRED1-Pglu) from the non-conventional yeast Pichia glucozyma showed excellent activity and stereoselectivity in the monoreduction of space-demanding aromatic 1,2-dicarbonyls, making this enzyme attractive as biocatalyst in organic chemistry. Structural insights into the stereoselective monoreduction of 1,2-diketones catalyzed by KRED1-Pglu were investigated starting from its 1.77 Å resolution crystal structure, followed by QM and classical calculations; this study allowed for the identification and characterization of the KRED1-Pglu reactive site. Once identified the recognition elements involved in the stereoselective desymmetrization of bulky 1,2-dicarbonyls mediated by KRED1-Pglu, a mechanism was proposed together with an in silico prediction of substrates reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rabuffetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cannazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pilar Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres R Alcantara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Laurenzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Louise Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Pisa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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3
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Pereira dos Santos VH, Coelho Neto DM, Lacerda Júnior V, Borges WDS, de Oliveira Silva E. Fungal Biotransformation: An Efficient Approach for Stereoselective Chemical Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201111203506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in developing chemical technologies to achieve regioselective
and stereoselective reactions since only one enantiomer is required for producing the
chiral leads for drug development. These selective reactions are provided by traditional
chemical synthetic methods, even under expensive catalysts and long reaction times. Filamentous
fungi are efficient biocatalysts capable of catalyzing a wide variety of reactions with
significant contributions to the development of clean and selective processes. Although some
enzymes have already been employed in isolated forms or as crude protein extracts as catalysts
for conducting selective reactions, the use of whole-cell provides advantages regarding
cofactor regenerations. It is also possible to carry out conversions at chemically unreactive
positions and to perform racemic resolution through microbial transformation. The current
literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of different compounds by fungi, which generated chemical
analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological
interest in the development of stereoselective chemical technologies, this review covers the biotransformations catalyzed
by fungi that yielded chiral products with enantiomeric excesses published over the period 2010-2020. This
work highlights new approaches for the achievement of a variety of bioactive chiral building blocks, which can be a
good starting point for the synthesis of new compounds combining biotransformation and synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliane de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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4
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Borowiecki P, Telatycka N, Tataruch M, Żądło‐Dobrowolska A, Reiter T, Schühle K, Heider J, Szaleniec M, Kroutil W. Biocatalytic Asymmetric Reduction of γ‐Keto Esters to Access Optically Active γ‐Aryl‐γ‐butyrolactones. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of ChemistryDepartment of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology Koszykowa 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Natalia Telatycka
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of ChemistryDepartment of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology Koszykowa 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mateusz Tataruch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, PAS Niezapominajek 8 30-239 Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Żądło‐Dobrowolska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tamara Reiter
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Karola Schühle
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyLOEWE Center for Synthetic MicrobiologyPhilipps University of Marburg Marburg
| | - Johann Heider
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyLOEWE Center for Synthetic MicrobiologyPhilipps University of Marburg Marburg
| | - Maciej Szaleniec
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, PAS Niezapominajek 8 30-239 Krakow Poland
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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5
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Contente ML, Dall’Oglio F, Annunziata F, Molinari F, Rabuffetti M, Romano D, Tamborini L, Rother D, Pinto A. Stereoselective Reduction of Prochiral Cyclic 1,3-Diketones Using Different Biocatalysts. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-03015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Chiarelli Perdomo I, Letizia Contente M, Pinto A, Romano D, Fernandes P, Molinari F. Continuous preparation of flavour‐active acetate esters by direct biocatalytic esterification. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Chiarelli Perdomo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) University of Milan Milano Italy
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering and DREAMS Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias Lisboa Portugal
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) University of Milan Milano Italy
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7
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Li J, Ma Y, Lu Y, Liu Y, Liu D, Zhang W. Synthesis of Enantiopure γ-Lactones via a RuPHOX-Ru Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of γ-Keto Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Delong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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8
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Xu T, Wang C, Zhu S, Zheng G. Enzymatic preparation of optically pure t -butyl 6-chloro-(3 R ,5 S )-dihydroxyhexanoate by a novel alcohol dehydrogenase discovered from Klebsiella oxytoca. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Serra I, Guidi B, Burgaud G, Contente ML, Ferraboschi P, Pinto A, Compagno C, Molinari F, Romano D. Seawater-Based Biocatalytic Strategy: Stereoselective Reductions of Ketones with Marine Yeasts. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); University of Milan; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Benedetta Guidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; University of Milan; Via Saldini 50 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Gaetan Burgaud
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne; Université de Brest; 29280 Plouzane France
| | - Martina L. Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); University of Milan; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; University of Milan; Via Saldini 50 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM); University of Milan; Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); University of Milan; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); University of Milan; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS); University of Milan; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
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10
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Preparation of enantiomerically enriched aromatic β-hydroxynitriles and halohydrins by ketone reduction with recombinant ketoreductase KRED1-Pglu. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Contente ML, Molinari F, Serra I, Pinto A, Romano D. Stereoselective Enzymatic Reduction of Ethyl Secodione: Preparation of a Key Intermediate for the Total Synthesis of Steroids. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Mo YZ, Nie HF, Lei Y, Zhang DX, Li XY, Zhang SY, Wang QF. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of γ-aryl α,γ-dioxo-butyric acid esters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02500e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Six ferrocene-based chiral ligands were prepared and applied in ATH reaction of multiple-carbonyl compounds as RuCl(p-cymene)[Ts-DPEN] did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhao Mo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Nie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ye Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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13
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Contente ML, Serra I, Palazzolo L, Parravicini C, Gianazza E, Eberini I, Pinto A, Guidi B, Molinari F, Romano D. Enzymatic reduction of acetophenone derivatives with a benzil reductase from Pichia glucozyma (KRED1-Pglu): electronic and steric effects on activity and enantioselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3404-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective reduction of mono-substituted acetophenones by ketoreductase KRED1-Pglu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina L. Contente
- Department of Food
- Nutritional and Environmental Sciences (DeFENS)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food
- Nutritional and Environmental Sciences (DeFENS)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gianazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Benedetta Guidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA)
- University of Milan
- 20129 Milano
- Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food
- Nutritional and Environmental Sciences (DeFENS)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food
- Nutritional and Environmental Sciences (DeFENS)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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14
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Contente ML, Serra I, Brambilla M, Eberini I, Gianazza E, De Vitis V, Molinari F, Zambelli P, Romano D. Stereoselective reduction of aromatic ketones by a new ketoreductase from Pichia glucozyma. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:193-201. [PMID: 26377422 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new NADPH-dependent benzil reductase (KRED1-Pglu) was identified from the genome of the non-conventional yeast Pichia glucozyma CBS 5766 and overexpressed in E. coli. The new protein was characterised and reaction parameters were optimised for the enantioselective reduction of benzil to (S)-benzoin. A thorough study of the substrate range of KRED1-Pglu was conducted; in contrast to most other known ketoreductases, KRED1-Pglu prefers space-demanding substrates, which are often converted with high stereoselectivity. A molecular modelling study was carried out for understanding the structural determinants involved in the stereorecognition experimentally observed and unpredictable on the basis of steric properties of the substrates. As a result, a new useful catalyst was identified, enabling the enantioselective preparation of different aromatic alcohols and hydroxyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gianazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Valerio De Vitis
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Zambelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Forti L, Di Mauro S, Cramarossa MR, Filippucci S, Turchetti B, Buzzini P. Non-Conventional Yeasts Whole Cells as Efficient Biocatalysts for the Production of Flavors and Fragrances. Molecules 2015; 20:10377-98. [PMID: 26053491 PMCID: PMC6272320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising consumer requests for natural flavors and fragrances have generated great interest in the aroma industry to seek new methods to obtain fragrance and flavor compounds naturally. An alternative and attractive route for these compounds is based on bio-transformations. In this review, the application of biocatalysis by Non Conventional Yeasts (NCYs) whole cells for the production of flavor and fragrances is illustrated by a discussion of the production of different class of compounds, namely Aldehydes, Ketones and related compounds, Alcohols, Lactones, Terpenes and Terpenoids, Alkenes, and Phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Forti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy.
| | - Simone Di Mauro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Cramarossa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy.
| | - Sara Filippucci
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy.
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy.
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