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Han A, Olsen O, D'Souza C, Shan J, Zhao F, Yanolatos J, Hovhannisyan Z, Haxhinasto S, Delfino F, Olson W. Development of Novel Glucocorticoids for Use in Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11958-11971. [PMID: 34378927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; however, systemic delivery of GCs is associated with side effects that affect essentially every organ system, reflecting the nearly ubiquitous expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Targeted delivery of GCs to diseased tissues using antibody-glucocorticoid conjugates (GC-ADCs) offers a therapeutic alternative to overcome these adverse effects. Herein, we describe novel classes of GCs that exhibited greater potency than dexamethasone and budesonide, a 100-fold selectivity toward the GR over other nuclear receptors, and no in vitro safety liability in pharmacology assays (hERG, AMES) and that demonstrated a substantial reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The site-specific conjugated GC-ADCs via cathepsin-cleavable linkers were highly stable in plasma and specifically released GCs in antigen-positive cells, suggesting that these novel GCs can serve as ADC payloads to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Han
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Olav Olsen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | | | - Jing Shan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Jean Yanolatos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | | | - Sokol Haxhinasto
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Frank Delfino
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
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Fröhlich T, Kiss A, Wölfling J, Mernyák E, Kulmány ÁE, Minorics R, Zupkó I, Leidenberger M, Friedrich O, Kappes B, Hahn F, Marschall M, Schneider G, Tsogoeva SB. Synthesis of Artemisinin-Estrogen Hybrids Highly Active against HCMV, P. falciparum, and Cervical and Breast Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1128-1133. [PMID: 30429957 PMCID: PMC6231177 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin-estrogen hybrids were for the first time both synthesized and investigated for their in vitro biological activity against malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum 3D7), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and a panel of human malignant cells of gynecological origin containing breast (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361, T47D) and cervical tumor cell lines (HeLa, SiHa, C33A). In terms of antimalarial efficacy, hybrid 8 (EC50 = 3.8 nM) was about two times more active than its parent compound artesunic acid (7) (EC50 = 8.9 nM) as well as the standard drug chloroquine (EC50 = 9.8 nM) and was, therefore, comparable to the clinically used dihydroartemisinin (6) (EC50 = 2.4 nM). Furthermore, hybrids 9-12 showed a strong antiviral effect with EC50 values in the submicromolar range (0.22-0.38 μM) and thus possess profoundly stronger anti-HCMV activity (approximately factor 25) than the parent compound artesunic acid (7) (EC50 = 5.41 μM). These compounds also exerted a higher in vitro anti-HCMV efficacy than ganciclovir used as the standard of current antiviral treatment. In addition, hybrids 8-12 elicited substantially more pronounced growth inhibiting action on all cancer cell lines than their parent compounds and the reference drug cisplatin. The most potent agent, hybrid 12, exhibited submicromolar EC50 values (0.15-0.93 μM) against breast cancer and C33A cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Organic
Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
(ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anita Kiss
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes E. Kulmány
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University
of Szeged, Eötvös
u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University
of Szeged, Eötvös
u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University
of Szeged, Eötvös
u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Leidenberger
- Institute
of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute
of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute
of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordon-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute
for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute
for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander
University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic
Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
(ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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