Direct addition of 2-methylazines to aryl glyoxals for the synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones

Synthesis of α-functionalized α-indol-3-yl carbonyls through direct SN reactions of indol-3-yl α-acyloins

A new and efficient synthesis of α-functionalized α-indol-3-yl ketones from easily available indolyl α-acyloins is reported. This process, catalyzed by Brønsted or Lewis acids, involves an uncommon direct nucleophilic substitution reaction of a secondary α-carbonyl-substituted hydroxyl group. The described methodology allows the introduction of a variety of nucleophiles such as (hetero)arenes, thiophenols, nitroanilines and 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives. The synthesized α-indol-3-yl carbonyl compounds are important synthetic targets also useful for accessing functionalized tryptophols and furan-3-yl indoles.