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Arteaga Giraldo JJ, Lindsay AC, Seo RCY, Kilmartin PA, Sperry J. Electrochemical oxidation of 3-substituted indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37366580 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
2-Oxindoles are an abundant heteroaromatic motif in natural products and pharmaceuticals. An appealing method for accessing 2-oxindoles is by oxidation of the corresponding indole, a transformation currently executed using stoichiometric quantities of unsafe chemical oxidants that can also form unwanted side-products. Herein, we report that 3-substituted indoles undergo a logistically straightforward, electrochemical oxidation to the corresponding 2-oxindole in the presence of potassium bromide (>20 examples), with only traces of the oxidative dimer detected. Cyclic voltammetry and control studies infer that the reaction proceeds by electrochemical generation of elemental bromine (Br2) that upon reaction with indole, followed by hydrolysis, delivers the 2-oxindole. This procedure is an appealing alternative to existing methods used to access 2-oxindoles by oxidation of the parent indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Arteaga Giraldo
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ashley C Lindsay
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rachel Chae-Young Seo
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Paul A Kilmartin
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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2
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Yao H, Zhong X, Wang B, Lin S, Yan Z. Cyanomethylation of the Benzene Rings and Pyridine Rings via Direct Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling with Acetonitrile. Org Lett 2022; 24:2030-2034. [PMID: 35261234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient approach for the amine-directed dehydrogenative C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling of arylamines with acetonitrile was reported by using FeCl2 as the catalyst. Substituted anilines, aminopyridines, naphthylamines, and some nitrogen-containing heterocyclic arylamines react with inactive acetonitrile to form the corresponding arylacetonitriles in moderate to good yields. This protocol features nontoxic iron catalysis, efficient atom economy, nonprefunctionalized starting materials, good regioselectivity, and excellent compatibility of functional groups and aromatic rings, providing a novel, straightforward, and green approach toward arylacetonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yao
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Bingqing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Sen Lin
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Zhaohua Yan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
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3
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Tang Z, Wang Z, Peng Z, Yang Q, Yin SF, Qiu R. I 2-Mediated Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling and Amidation of 3-Aryl Benzofuranones with Aryl Amines for the Synthesis of 3,3-Diaryl Indolin-2-ones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2965-2973. [PMID: 33492130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a protocol for efficient synthesis of indolin-2-ones from benzofuranones and aryl amines using iodine as a mediator. A diverse range of benzofuranones and aryl amines undergo cross-dehydrogenative coupling and amidation of 3-aryl benzofuranones for the cascade reaction to generate products in 24-93% yields. This reaction can be easily scaled-up to give an indolin-2-one in a gram scale. Further chemical manipulation of the products enabled useful transformations of the phenol ring including alkylation, arylation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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4
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Dende SK, Korupolu RB, Doddipalla R, Leleti KR. Microwave assisted synthesis of phenanthridine derivatives via Suzuki coupling and condensation. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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5
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Chen WT, Gao LH, Bao WH, Wei WT. Metal-Free C(sp3)–H Azidation in a Radical Strategy for the Synthesis of 3-Azido-2-oxindoles at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11074-11079. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, No. 818, Fenghua Street, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Le-Han Gao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, No. 818, Fenghua Street, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wen-Hui Bao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, No. 818, Fenghua Street, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, No. 818, Fenghua Street, Ningbo 315211, China
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Croix C, Massip S, Viaud-Massuard MC. Synthesis of naphthyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives via ring expansion of 3-substituted-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5538-5541. [PMID: 29736506 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 3-substituted 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one derivatives with sodium azide or azidotrimethylsilane under microwave irradiation provided 3- and 4-amino-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives through cycloaddition-ring expansion. The insertion of the azide into the α,β unsaturated carbonyl of 3-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one derivatives proceeded via an unusual rearrangement. This methodology provided 39 ring expansion examples in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Croix
- Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire; Equipe 4: Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique, Université de Tours, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques 31, avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
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Jiang X, Zheng C, Lei L, Lin K, Yu C. Synthesis of 2-Oxindoles from Substituted Indoles by Hypervalent-Iodine Oxidation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Cong Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Kai Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
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8
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Bharti R, Reddy CB, Das P. Oxalic Acid as Sustainable CO Source for Pyrrolone-Fused Benzosuberenes Synthesis through Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Bharti
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology; Palampur - 176061, H.P. India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi India
| | - C. Bal Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology; Palampur - 176061, H.P. India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi India
| | - Pralay Das
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology; Palampur - 176061, H.P. India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi India
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