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Bortolami M, Bogles II, Bombelli C, Pandolfi F, Feroci M, Vetica F. Electrochemical Bottom-Up Synthesis of Chiral Carbon Dots from L-Proline and Their Application as Nano-Organocatalysts in a Stereoselective Aldol Reaction. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165150. [PMID: 36014401 PMCID: PMC9414281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is undoubtedly a fundamental property of nature since the different interactions of optically active molecules in a chiral environment are essential for numerous applications. Thus, in the field of asymmetric synthesis, the search for efficient, sustainable, cost-effective and recyclable chiral catalysts is still the main challenge in organic chemistry. The field of carbon dots (CDs) has experienced tremendous development in the last 15 years, including their applications as achiral catalysts. Thus, understanding the implications of chirality in CDs chemistry could be of utmost importance to achieving sustainable and biocompatible chiral nanocatalysts. An efficient and cost-effective electrochemical synthetic methodology for the synthesis of L-Proline-based chiral carbon dots (CCDs) and EtOH-derived L-Proline-based chiral carbon dots (CCDs) is herein reported. The electrochemical set-up and reaction conditions have been thoroughly optimised and their effects on CCDs size, photoluminescence, as well as catalytic activity have been investigated. The obtained CCDs have been successfully employed to catalyze an asymmetric aldol reaction, showing excellent results in terms of yield, diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Moreover, the sustainable nature of the CCDs was demonstrated by recycling the catalysts for up to 3 cycles without any loss of reactivity or stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Izabela Bogles
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bombelli
- CNR—Institute for Biological Systems, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
- CNR—Institute for Biological Systems, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, c/o Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (F.V.)
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2
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Straminelli L, Vicentini F, Di Sabato A, Montone CM, Cavaliere C, Rissanen K, Leonelli F, Vetica F. Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiro-Decalin Oxindole Derivatives via Sequential Organocatalytic Michael–Domino Michael/Aldol Reaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10454-10461. [PMID: 35875873 PMCID: PMC9365295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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A highly stereoselective procedure for the synthesis
of spiro-polycyclic
oxindoles bearing five contiguous stereogenic centers including two
tetrasubstituted carbons has been developed. Under sequential organocatalysis
performed by a pyrrolidine-based organocatalyst and DBU, a highly
atom-economical Michael–domino Michael/aldol reaction sequence
was optimized, yielding variously functionalized spiro-decalin oxindoles
with excellent stereoselectivity (>99:1 dr, up to 92% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Straminelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vicentini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kaur C, Sharma S, Thakur A, Sharma R. ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS: A GLANCE AT VARIOUS METHODOLOGIES FOR DIFFERENT FRAMEWORKS. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220610162605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Asymmetric reactions have made a significant advancement over the past few decades and involved the production of enantiomerically pure molecules using enantioselective organocatalysis, chiral auxiliaries/substrates, and reagents via controlling the absolute stereochemistry. The laboratory synthesis from an enantiomerically impure starting material gives a combination of enantiomers which are difficult to separate for chemists in the fields of medicine, chromatography, pharmacology, asymmetric synthesis, studies of structure-function relationships of proteins, life sciences and mechanistic studies. This challenging step of separation can be avoided by the use of asymmetric synthesis. Using pharmacologically relevant scaffolds/pharmacophores, the drug designing can also be achieved using asymmetric synthesis to synthesize receptor specific pharmacologically active chiral molecules. This approach can be used to synthesize asymmetric molecules from wide variety of reactants using specific asymmetric conditions which is also beneficial for environment due to less usage and discharge of chemicals into the environment. So, in this review, we have focused on the inclusive collation of diverse mechanisms in this area, to encourage auxiliary studies of asymmetric reactions to develop selective, efficient, environment-friendly and high yielding advanced processes in asymmetric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, 143002
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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Bortolami M, Chiarotto I, Mattiello L, Petrucci R, Rocco D, Vetica F, Feroci M. Organic electrochemistry: Synthesis and functionalization of β-lactams in the twenty-first century. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Organic electrochemistry is a technique that allows for the heterogeneous redox reactions avoiding both the use of stoichiometric amounts of redox reagents and the resulting formation of stoichiometric by-products. In fact, the redox reagent in these reactions is the electron, which is naturally eco-friendly and produces no side compounds. It is therefore quite obvious that electrochemistry can be classified as a “green” technology. The use of this methodology in the synthesis of β-lactams is not a novelty, but the growing interest in this class of biologically active compounds, due to the discovery of new fields of application (after a moment of decrease in interest due to antibiotic resistance) has been a stimulus for the search for more efficient electrochemical ways to synthesize and transform β-lactams. Thus, this review deals with the twenty-first-century applications of electroorganic technique to the chemistry of β-lactams, by analyzing first the syntheses classified by the type of reactions (cyclization, cycloaddition, etc.) and then by manipulating the β-lactam structure, using it as a synthon. Lastly, the importance of this technique is demonstrated by a study of a pilot plant scale reduction of a cephalosporanic acid derivative to a commercially important antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University , via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, I-00161 , Rome , Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University , via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, I-00161 , Rome , Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University , via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, I-00161 , Rome , Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University , via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, I-00161 , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University , via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, I-00161 , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University , p.le Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 , Rome , Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University , via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, I-00161 , Rome , Italy
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Yu J, Li C, Zeng H. Dearomatization‐Rearomatization Strategy for
ortho
‐Selective Alkylation of Phenols with Primary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University 222 Tianshui Road Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University 222 Tianshui Road Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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Vetica F, Bortolami M, Petrucci R, Rocco D, Feroci M. Electrogenerated NHCs in Organic Synthesis: Ionic Liquids vs Organic Solvents Effects. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2130-2147. [PMID: 33507627 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively studied for their application as organocatalysts in stereoselective synthesis as well as ligands for transition metals-promoted synthetic methodologies. Derived mainly from azolium salts, NHCs have demonstrated exceptional versatility in their generation usually performed by deprotonation or reduction (chemical or electrochemical). In particular, the generation of NHC under electrochemical conditions, starting from azolium-based ionic liquids, has proven to be a successful green approach and demonstrated wide applicability in organic synthesis. In this Personal Account, the application of electrogenerated NHCs in organic synthesis will be discussed, with a particular attention to the different reactivity in ionic liquids compared to classical organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vetica
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
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7
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Yu J, Li C, Zeng H. Dearomatization‐Rearomatization Strategy for
ortho
‐Selective Alkylation of Phenols with Primary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4043-4048. [PMID: 33166067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University 222 Tianshui Road Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University 222 Tianshui Road Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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Li TZ, Geng CA, Chen JJ. First total synthesis of rhuscholide A, glabralide B and denudalide. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bartoccini F, Mari M, Retini M, Bartolucci S, Piersanti G. Organocatalytic Aza-Friedel-Crafts/Lactonization Domino Reaction of Naphthols and Phenols with 2-Acetamidoacrylate to Naphtho- and Benzofuranones Bearing a Quaternary Center at the C3 Position. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12275-12283. [PMID: 30191715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetyl ketimine generated from methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate was explored to develop an unprecedented domino aza-Friedel-Crafts/lactonization reaction with naphthols and phenols (including 5-hydroxyindoles). This novel method requires a catalyst loading of only 5 mol % of a phosphoric acid catalyst and provides a new series of 3-NHAc-naphtho- and benzofuranone derivatives bearing tetra-substituted stereogenic centers in moderate-to-good yields. The enantioselective variant using BINOL-derived phosphoric acids was also explored with 1-naphthol, providing the desired product with moderate enantioselectivities (up to 99:1 following recrystallization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
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Dhotare BB, Kumar M, Nayak SK. Catalytic Oxidation of 3-Arylbenzofuran-2(3H)-ones with PCC-H5IO6: Syntheses of 3-Aryl-3-hydroxy/3-amido-3-arylbenzofuran-2(3H)-ones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10089-10096. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Synthesis of Benzofuran-2-One Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Capacity by Comparing DPPH Assay and Cyclic Voltammetry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040710. [PMID: 29561784 PMCID: PMC6017620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to synthesise promising antioxidant compounds as a valuable alternative to the currently expensive and easily degradable molecules that are employed as stabilizers in industrial preparation. Taking into account our experience concerning domino Friedel-Crafts/lactonization reactions, we successfully improved and extended the previously reported methodology toward the synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted-3H-benzofuran-2-one derivatives 9-20 starting from polyphenols 1-6 as substrates and either diethylketomalonate (7) or 3,3,3-trifluoromethyl pyruvate (8) as electrophilic counterpart. The antioxidant capacity of the most stable compounds (9-11 and 15-20) was evaluated by both DPPH assay and Cyclic Voltammetry analyses performed in alcoholic media (methanol) as well as in aprotic solvent (acetonitrile). By comparing the recorded experimental data, a remarkable activity can be attributed to few of the tested lactones.
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12
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Wang D, Tong X. Phosphine-Catalyzed Asymmetric (3+2) Annulations of δ-Acetoxy Allenoates with 2-Naphthols. Org Lett 2017; 19:6392-6395. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, China
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13
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Chanda T, Zhao JC. Recent Progress in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Transformations. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Chanda
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
| | - John C.‐G. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-0698 USA
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