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Motevalli S, Nguyen MT, Tan J, Fuller AA. Diverse N-Substituted Azole-Containing Amino Acids as Building Blocks for Cyclopeptides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1214-1220. [PMID: 31984279 PMCID: PMC6977196 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of 16 oxazole- or thiazole-containing amino esters bearing a wide array of N-substitution is reported. These were accessed in 40-92% yield via an AgClO4-promoted substitution reaction between a primary amine and a chloromethyl-functionalized thiazole or oxazole. These new synthetic building blocks will be useful for the preparation of new cyclopeptide analogues bearing heterocyclic backbone modifications. Four macrocyclic N-substituted oligoamides that include thiazole or oxazole heterocycles were obtained, following cyclooligomerization reactions of azole-modified N-substituted amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Motevalli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Michelle T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Jiacheng Tan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - Amelia A. Fuller
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
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Gao W, Chen Y, Li Y, Tang B, Dong S, Qin H. A Facile Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Quinoxaline-Benzofuran Hybrids. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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de Almeida AF, Moreira R, Rodrigues T. Synthetic organic chemistry driven by artificial intelligence. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Patil PC, Tan J, Demuth DR, Luzzio FA. 'Second-generation' 1,2,3-triazole-based inhibitors of Porphyromonas gingivalis adherence to oral streptococci and biofilm formation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:268-279. [PMID: 30881614 PMCID: PMC6390472 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study details the design, synthesis and bioassay of ‘click’ peptidomimetic compounds which inhibit the adherence of P. gingivalis to S. gordonii, a primary step toward pathogenic colonization of the subgingival pocket.
Several ‘second-generation’ click inhibitors of the multi-species biofilm propagated by the adherence of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis to Streptococcus gordonii were synthesized and evaluated. The design of the structures was based on the results obtained with the first-generation diphenyloxazole ‘click’ inhibitors which bear suitable hydrophobic and polar groups within a dual scaffold molecule bearing a 1,2,3-triazole spacer. The structures of the synthetic targets reported herein now consist of a triazolyl(phenylsulfonylmethyl) and a triazolyl(phenylsulfinylmethyl) spacer which joins a 4,5-diphenyloxazole with both phenyl rings bearing lipophilic substituents. The triazolyl “linker” group is formed by a click reaction between the 4-azido(phenylsulfonyl/sulfinylmethyl) oxazoles and acetylenic components having aryl groups bearing hydrophobic substituents. The 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2,4,6-triazine scaffold of the most active click compounds were modeled after the structural motif termed the VXXLL nuclear receptor (NR) box. When substituted at the 3- and 5-positions with 2- and 4-fluorophenylamino and N,N-diethylamino units, the candidates bearing the 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2,4,6-triazine scaffold formed a substantial subset of the second-generation click candidates. Four of the click products, compounds 95, 111, 115 and 122 showed inhibition of the adherence of P. gingivalis to S. gordonii with an IC50 range of 2.3–4.3 μM and only 111 exhibited cytotoxic activity against telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes at 60 μM. These results suggest that compounds 95, 115, 122, and possibly 111 represent the most suitable compounds to evaluate for activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin C Patil
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , 2320 South Brook Street , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases , University of Louisville , School of Dentistry , 501 S. Preston St. , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , USA .
| | - Donald R Demuth
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases , University of Louisville , School of Dentistry , 501 S. Preston St. , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , USA .
| | - Frederick A Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , 2320 South Brook Street , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , USA
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Rossa TA, Suveges NS, Sá MM, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous multistep synthesis of 2-(azidomethyl)oxazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29520312 PMCID: PMC5827817 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient three-step protocol was developed to produce 2-(azidomethyl)oxazoles from vinyl azides in a continuous-flow process. The general synthetic strategy involves a thermolysis of vinyl azides to generate azirines, which react with bromoacetyl bromide to provide 2-(bromomethyl)oxazoles. The latter compounds are versatile building blocks for nucleophilic displacement reactions as demonstrated by their subsequent treatment with NaN3 in aqueous medium to give azido oxazoles in good selectivity. Process integration enabled the synthesis of this useful moiety in short overall residence times (7 to 9 min) and in good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís A Rossa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Departamento de Quıímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Nícolas S Suveges
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 22941-909
| | - Marcus M Sá
- Departamento de Quıímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Patil PC, Luzzio FA, Ronnebaum JM. Selective alkylation/oxidation of N-substituted isoindolinone derivatives: synthesis of N-phthaloylated natural and unnatural α-amino acid analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:3730-3733. [PMID: 29230073 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The interchangeability of the isoindolinone group as a nitrogen protecting group for amino acid intermediates is demonstrated by the preparation of several natural and unnatural α-amino acid derivatives using a two-carbon N-isoindolinone (phthalimidine) scaffold. Using a selective benzylic oxidation, the N-isoindolinone group is then converted to the N-phthaloyl group for convenient removal (65-98%). For preparation of the isoindolinone products which were to be the substrates for benzylic oxidation, a range of side chains were installed on the isoindolinone-protected glycine equivalent on deprotonation to demonstrate the utility of the N-protected isoindolinone synthon (51-93%). While the ensuing benzylic oxidation is employed successfully for converting the N-isoindolinone group to the N-phthaloyl group in simple substrates, substrates bearing unsaturated or electron-rich side chains respond poorly to the oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin C Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
| | - Frederick A Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
| | - Jarrid M Ronnebaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
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Abstract
The synthesis and utilization of all carbon-chain 'carbocontiguous' azidoalkynyl precursors for an intramolecular click reaction is described. The substrates contain both azidoalkyl and ethynylmethyl groups which are conjoined by a 2-(phenylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole lynchpin and are suitably disposed for ring closure. On promotion by copper salts, a number of cyclic click products having the 1,4-disubstituted endo-fused triazole component and the 4,5-diphenyloxazole component are obtained. In one case, removal of the phenylsulfonylmethyl group from the substrate prior to cyclization gave the 1,5-disubstituted exo-fused triazole. The utilization of CuSO4/sodium ascorbate system appears to be the optimal conditions for closure/cyclization and afforded the cyclized products in yields of 84-95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin C Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
| | - Frederick A Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
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Patil PC, Luzzio FA. m-Chloroperbenzoic acid-oxchromium (VI)-mediated cleavage of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:1280-1282. [PMID: 28970642 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An array of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyloxazoles were found to be cleaved to triacylamines and diacylamines (imides) using a reagent system composed of 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) and 2,2'-bipyridinium chlorochromate (BPCC). The 2-alkyl-4,5-diphenyloxazoles give imides (38-60%) as the predominant cleavage product while the 2-aryl-4,5-diphenyloxazoles give triacylamines (44-71%). Two mechanisms involving intermediates such as cyclic endoperoxides or oxachromacycles were proposed. An application of the oxidative cleavage to the multi-step synthesis of (±)-phoracantholide I seco acid is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin C Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
| | - Frederick A Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
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Patil PC, Luzzio FA. Synthesis of Extended Oxazoles III: Reactions of 2-(Phenylsulfonyl)methyl-4,5-diaryloxazoles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10521-10526. [PMID: 27441569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
2-((Phenylsulfonyl)methyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole is a useful scaffold for synthetic elaboration at the 2-methylene position thereby affording extended oxazoles. The corresponding α-sulfonyl anion reacts smoothly with diverse alkyl halides giving monoalkylated (47-90%), dialkylated (50-97%), and cyclic (59-93%) products. The reductive desulfonylation of the monoalkylated and selected dialkylated products was optimized with a magnesium/mercuric chloride reagent system and afforded desulfonylated products in the range of 66-97%. The anti-inflammatory Oxaprozin was prepared using the α-sulfonyl carbanion strategy along with optimized desulfonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin C Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Frederick A Luzzio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville , 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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