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Arcadi A, Morlacci V, Palombi L. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds through Sequential Reactions of Aminoalkynes with Carbonyls. Molecules 2023; 28:4725. [PMID: 37375280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential reactions of aminoalkynes represent a powerful tool to easily assembly biologically important polyfunctionalized nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds. Metal catalysis often plays a key role in terms of selectivity, efficiency, atom economy, and green chemistry of these sequential approaches. This review examines the existing literature on the applications of reactions of aminoalkynes with carbonyls, which are emerging for their synthetic potential. Aspects concerning the features of the starting reagents, the catalytic systems, alternative reaction conditions, pathways and possible intermediates are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arcadi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valerio Morlacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Palombi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
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2
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Corrêa GA, Rebelo SLH, de Castro B. Green Aromatic Epoxidation with an Iron Porphyrin Catalyst for One-Pot Functionalization of Renewable Xylene, Quinoline, and Acridine. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093940. [PMID: 37175350 PMCID: PMC10180454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable functionalization of renewable aromatics is a key step to supply our present needs for specialty chemicals and pursuing the transition to a circular, fossil-free economy. In the present work, three typically stable aromatic compounds, representative of products abundantly obtainable from biomass or recycling processes, were functionalized in one-pot oxidation reactions at room temperature, using H2O2 as a green oxidant and ethanol as a green solvent in the presence of a highly electron withdrawing iron porphyrin catalyst. The results show unusual initial epoxidation of the aromatic ring by the green catalytic system. The epoxides were isolated or evolved through rearrangement, ring opening by nucleophiles, and oxidation. Acridine was oxidized to mono- and di-oxides in the peripheral ring: 1:2-epoxy-1,2-dihydroacridine and anti-1:2,3:4-diepoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine, with TON of 285. o-Xylene was oxidized to 4-hydroxy-3,4-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone, an attractive building block for synthesis, and 3,4-dimethylphenol as an intermediate, with TON of 237. Quinoline was directly functionalized to 4-quinolone or 3-substituted-4-quinolones (3-ethoxy-4-quinolone or 3-hydroxy-4-quinolone) and corresponding hydroxy-tautomers, with TON of 61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Corrêa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana L H Rebelo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar de Castro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Pan Y, Luo ZL, Yang J, Han J, Yang J, yao Z, Xu L, Wang P, Shi Q. Cobalt‐Catalyzed Selective Transformation of Levulinic Acid and Amines into Pyrrolidines and Pyrrolidinones under H2. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - zhen yao
- Renmin University of China CHINA
| | - Lijin Xu
- Renmin University of China CHINA
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4
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Wei Z. Sustainable Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolidones from Levulinic Acid over Pd/C Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Yuran Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zuojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Gokhale TA, Raut AB, Chawla SK, Bhanage BM. Insights into Cascade and Sequential one pot pathways for reductive amination of aldehydes paired with bio-derived levulinic acid to N-substituted pyrrolidones using molecular hydrogen. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to explore cascade and sequential one pot syntheses pathways for N-substituted pyrrolidones from aryl aldehydes and bio-derived levulinic acid (LA) using molecular hydrogen and ammonia. This process...
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Liu Y, Zhang K, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wei Z. One-pot synthesis of pyrrolidone derivatives via reductive amination of levulinic acid/ester with nitriles over Pd/C catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Flow synthesis of N-alkyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones over Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Wang T, Xu H, He J, Zhang Y. Investigation towards the reductive amination of levulinic acid by B(C6F5)3/hydrosilane system. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Raut AB, Shende VS, Sasaki T, Bhanage BM. Reductive amination of levulinic acid to N-substituted pyrrolidones over RuCl3 metal ion anchored in ionic liquid immobilized on graphene oxide. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bellè A, Tabanelli T, Fiorani G, Perosa A, Cavani F, Selva M. A Multiphase Protocol for Selective Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid with Integrated Catalyst Recovery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3343-3354. [PMID: 30989805 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
At 60-150 °C and 15-35 bar H2 , two model reactions of levulinic acid (LA), hydrogenation and reductive amination with cyclohexylamine, were explored in a multiphase system composed of an aqueous solution of reactants, a hydrocarbon, and commercial 5 % Ru/C as a heterogeneous catalyst. By tuning the relative volume of the immiscible water/hydrocarbon phases and the concentration of the aqueous solution, a quantitative conversion of LA was achieved with formation of γ-valerolactone or N-(cyclohexylmethyl)pyrrolidone in >95 and 88 % selectivity, respectively. Additionally, the catalyst could be segregated in the hydrocarbon phase and recycled in an effective semi-continuous protocol. Under such conditions, formic acid additive affected the reactivity of LA through a competitive adsorption on the catalyst surface. This effect was crucial to improve selectivity for the reductive amination process. The comparison of 5 % Ru/C with a series of carbon supports demonstrated that the segregation phenomenon in the hydrocarbon phase, never previously reported, was pH-dependent and effective for samples displaying a moderate surface acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bellè
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tabanelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiorani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Alvise Perosa
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Selva
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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11
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Sustainable processes for the catalytic synthesis of safer chemical substitutes of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Wang S, Huang H, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C. Formic acid as a hydrogen source for the iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of levulinic acid and 2-formylbenzoic acid. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust iridium catalyst performs the reductive amination of the renewable levulinic acid and of 2-formylbenzoic acid in water under mild conditions. This catalyst tolerates very bulky reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Haiyun Huang
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Christian Bruneau
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
| | - Cédric Fischmeister
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35042 Rennes
- France
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Cao P, Ma T, Zhang HY, Yin G, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Conversion of levulinic acid to N-substituted pyrrolidinones over a nonnoble bimetallic catalyst Cu15Pr3/Al2O3. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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14
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Ma T, Zhang HY, Yin G, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Catalyst-free reductive amination of levulinic acid to N-substituted pyrrolidinones with formic acid in continuous-flow microreactor. J Flow Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-018-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Metzker G, Dias RMP, Burtoloso ACB. Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Amination from Levulinic and Formic Acid Aqueous Solutions: An Approach for the Selective Production of Pyrrolidones in Biorefinery Facilities. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Metzker
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos; University of São Paulo, CEP; 13560-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rafael M. P. Dias
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos; University of São Paulo, CEP; 13560-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Antonio C. B. Burtoloso
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos; University of São Paulo, CEP; 13560-970 São Paulo, SP Brazil
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16
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Siddiki SMAH, Touchy AS, Bhosale A, Toyao T, Mahara Y, Ohyama J, Satsuma A, Shimizu KI. Direct Synthesis of Lactams from Keto Acids, Nitriles, and H2
by Heterogeneous Pt Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. A. H. Siddiki
- Institute for Catalysis; Hokkaido University; N-21, W-10 Sapporo 060-0808 Japan
| | - Abeda S. Touchy
- Institute for Catalysis; Hokkaido University; N-21, W-10 Sapporo 060-0808 Japan
| | - Ashvini Bhosale
- Institute for Catalysis; Hokkaido University; N-21, W-10 Sapporo 060-0808 Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for Catalysis; Hokkaido University; N-21, W-10 Sapporo 060-0808 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysis and Batteries; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Yuji Mahara
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Junya Ohyama
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysis and Batteries; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Atsushi Satsuma
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysis and Batteries; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis; Hokkaido University; N-21, W-10 Sapporo 060-0808 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysis and Batteries; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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17
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Wang S, Huang H, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C. Selective and Efficient Iridium Catalyst for the Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid into Pyrrolidones. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4150-4154. [PMID: 28873287 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic reductive amination of levulinic acid (LA) into pyrrolidones with an iridium catalyst using H2 as hydrogen source is reported. The chemoselective iridium catalyst displayed high efficiency for the synthesis of a variety of N-substituted 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones and N-arylisoindolinones. N-Substituted 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was also evaluated as a biosourced substitute solvent to NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone) in the catalytic arylation of 2-phenylpyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Haiyun Huang
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Christian Bruneau
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Fischmeister
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis, Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
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18
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Reductive amination of levulinic acid to different pyrrolidones on Ir/SiO 2 -SO 3 H: Elucidation of reaction mechanism. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Gao G, Sun P, Li Y, Wang F, Zhao Z, Qin Y, Li F. Highly Stable Porous-Carbon-Coated Ni Catalysts for the Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid via an Unconventional Pathway. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gao
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yunqin Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zelun Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Li
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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20
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Kanaani E, Nasr-Esfahani M. Facile synthesis of novel dihydroquinoline-3,3-dicarbonitriles in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1325905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kanaani
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
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Brun N, Hesemann P, Esposito D. Expanding the biomass derived chemical space. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4724-4738. [PMID: 28959397 PMCID: PMC5603961 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00936d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The derivatization and covalent modification of biomass derived platform chemicals expand the biomass derived chemical spaces allowing for the preparation of new bioactive molecules and materials.
Biorefinery aims at the conversion of biomass and renewable feedstocks into fuels and platform chemicals, in analogy to conventional oil refinery. In the past years, the scientific community has defined a number of primary building blocks that can be obtained by direct biomass decomposition. However, the large potential of this “renewable chemical space” to contribute to the generation of value added bio-active compounds and materials still remains unexplored. In general, biomass derived building blocks feature a diverse range of chemical functionalities. In order to be integrated into value-added compounds, they require additional functionalization and/or covalent modification thereby generating secondary building blocks. The latter can be thus regarded as functional components of bio-active molecules or materials and represent an expansion of the renewable chemical space. This perspective highlights the most recent developments and opportunities for the synthesis of secondary biomass derived building blocks and their application to the preparation of value added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt , UMR 5253 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - ENSCM , Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier cédex 05 , France
| | - Peter Hesemann
- Institut Charles Gerhardt , UMR 5253 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - ENSCM , Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier cédex 05 , France
| | - Davide Esposito
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany .
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Vidal JD, Climent MJ, Corma A, Concepcion DP, Iborra S. One-Pot Selective Catalytic Synthesis of Pyrrolidone Derivatives from Ethyl Levulinate and Nitro Compounds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:119-128. [PMID: 27860418 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
N-substituted 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones were prepared in a one-pot process starting from ethyl levulinate and nitro compounds in the presence of a nanosized Pt-based catalyst. Pt supported on TiO2 nanotubes (Pt/TiO2 -NT) catalyzed the synthesis of N-substituted 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones through a cascade process involving the reduction of nitro compounds, formation of the intermediary imine, hydrogenation, and subsequent cyclization. A bifunctional metal-acid system was a suitable catalyst for the process. Pt supported on TiO2 showed lower catalytic activity than Pt/TiO2 -NT owing to the strong adsorption of nitro compounds during the first reaction step that poisoned the acidic sites and strongly decreased the rate of amination and cyclization. However, Pt/TiO2 -NT with milder acid sites was less affected by the adsorption of nitro compounds and the full cascade process could proceed. The results indicate that the prepared Pt/TiO2 -NT is a chemoselective and reusable catalyst that can be applied to the synthesis of a variety of N-substituted 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones starting from nitro compounds with excellent yields in absence of an additional organic solvent under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Vidal
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Climent
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dr Patricia Concepcion
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Iborra
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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