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Khrapova KO, Volkov PA, Telezhkin AA, Albanov AI, Chupakhin ON, Trofimov BA. Catalyst- and solvent-free regiospecific S NHAr phosphinylation of pyridines with H-phosphinates mediated by benzoylphenylacetylene. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5419-5427. [PMID: 38884371 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00661e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Pyridines undergo a facile SNHAr phosphinylation with H-phosphinates under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions (50-55 °C) in the presence of benzoylphenylacetylene to afford 4-phosphinylpyridines in up to 68% yield. In this reaction, benzoylphenylacetylene activates the pyridine ring by the formation of a 1,3(4)-dipolar complex, deprotonates H-phosphinates to generate P-centered anions and finally acts as an oxidizer, being eliminated from an intermediate ion pair. Terminal electron-deficient acetylenes (methyl propiolate and benzoylacetylene) are inefficient as mediators in the above SNHAr process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya O Khrapova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel A Volkov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton A Telezhkin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander I Albanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation.
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- I.Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22/20 S. Kovalevskoi/Akademicheskaya St., Ekaterinburg 620219, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A Trofimov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation.
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2
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Indolyl-Derived 4H-Imidazoles: PASE Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The strategy of the nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (SNH) was first applied for the metal-free C-H/C-H coupling reactions of 4H-imidazole 3-oxides with indoles. As a result, a series of novel bifunctional azaheterocyclic derivatives were obtained in yields up to 95%. In silico experiments on the molecular docking were performed to evaluate the binding possibility of the synthesized small azaheterocyclic molecules to the selected biotargets (BACE1, BChE, CK1δ, AChE) associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To assess the cytotoxicity for the synthesized compounds, a series of in vitro experiments were also carried out on healthy human embryo kidney cells (HEK-293). The leading compound bearing both 5-phenyl-4H-imidazole and 1-methyl-1H-indole moieties was defined as the prospective molecule possessing the lowest cytotoxicity (IC50 > 300 µM on HEK-293) and the highest binding energy in the protein–ligand complex (AChE, −13.57 kcal/mol). The developed compounds could be of particular interest in medicinal chemistry, particularly in the targeted design of small-molecule candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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3
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Zasada A, Brześkiewicz J, Antoniak D, Bechcicka M, Loska R, Mąkosza M. Synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:994-999. [PMID: 36515404 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic nature of quinoxaline has been explored in the vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen with various carbanions as nucleophiles in an attempt to develop a general method for functionalizing the heterocyclic ring. Only poorly stabilized nitrile carbanions were found to give the VNS products. 2-Chloroquinoxaline gave products of SNAr of chlorine preferentially. A variety of quinoxaline derivatives containing cyanoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl, benzyl or ester substituents, including fluorinated ones, have been prepared in the VNS reactions with quinoxaline N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zasada
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Brześkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Damian Antoniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bechcicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Loska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mieczysław Mąkosza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Lopat’eva ER, Krylov IB, Segida OO, Merkulova VM, Ilovaisky AI, Terent’ev AO. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis as a Potent Tool for Organic Synthesis: Cross-Dehydrogenative C-C Coupling of N-Heterocycles with Ethers Employing TiO 2/ N-Hydroxyphthalimide System under Visible Light. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030934. [PMID: 36770603 PMCID: PMC9920906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the obvious advantages of heterogeneous photocatalysts (availability, stability, recyclability, the ease of separation from products and safety) their application in organic synthesis faces serious challenges: generally low efficiency and selectivity compared to homogeneous photocatalytic systems. The development of strategies for improving the catalytic properties of semiconductor materials is the key to their introduction into organic synthesis. In the present work, a hybrid photocatalytic system involving both heterogeneous catalyst (TiO2) and homogeneous organocatalyst (N-hydroxyphthalimide, NHPI) was proposed for the cross-dehydrogenative C-C coupling of electron-deficient N-heterocycles with ethers employing t-BuOOH as the terminal oxidant. It should be noted that each of the catalysts is completely ineffective when used separately under visible light in this transformation. The occurrence of visible light absorption upon the interaction of NHPI with the TiO2 surface and the generation of reactive phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radicals upon irradiation with visible light are considered to be the main factors determining the high catalytic efficiency. The proposed method is suitable for the coupling of π-deficient pyridine, quinoline, pyrazine, and quinoxaline heteroarenes with various non-activated ethers.
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5
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Qu ZW, Zhu H, Streubel R, Grimme S. Organo-Group 2 Metal-Mediated Nucleophilic Alkylation of Benzene: Crucial Role of Strong Cation−π Interaction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstreet 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstreet 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstreet 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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6
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Modern methods for the synthesis of indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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New TEMPO-Appended 2,2'-Bipyridine-Based Eu(III), Tb(III), Gd(III) and Sm(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Photophysical Studies and Testing Photoluminescence-Based Bioimaging Abilities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238414. [PMID: 36500504 PMCID: PMC9739109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloids and tau-protein are known to contain a large number of cysteine (Cys) residues. In addition, certain levels of some common biogenic thiols (cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH), etc.) in biological fluids are closely related to AD as well as other diseases. Therefore, probes with a selective interaction with the above-mentioned thiols can be used for the monitoring and visualizing changes of (bio)thiols in the biological fluids as well as in the brain of animal models of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, new Eu(III), Tb(III), Gd(III) and Sm(III) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine ligands containing TEMPO fragments as receptor units for (bio)thiols are reported. The presence of free radical fragments of the ligand in the complexes was proved by using the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. Among all the complexes, the Eu(III) complex turned out to be the most promising one as luminescence- and spin-probe for the detection of biogenic thiols. The EPR and fluorescent titration methods showed the interaction of the resulting complex with free Cys and GSH in solution. To study the practical applicability of the probes for the monitoring of AD in-vivo, by using the above-mentioned Eu(III)-based probe, the staining of the brain of mice with amyloidosis and Vero cell cultures supplemented with the cysteine-enriched medium was studied as well as the fluorescence titration of Bovine Serum Albumin, BSA (as the model for the thiol moieties containing protein), was carried out. Based on the results of fluorescence titration, the formation of a non-covalent inclusion complex between the above-mentioned Eu(III) complex and BSA was suggested.
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8
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Avakyan EK, Borovleva AA, Pobedinskaya DY, Demidov OP, Ermolenko AP, Larin AN, Borovlev IV. SNH Amidation of 5-Nitroisoquinoline: Access to Nitro- and Nitroso Derivatives of Amides and Ureas on the Basis of Isoquinoline. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227862. [PMID: 36431962 PMCID: PMC9694180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, amides and ureas based on both 5-nitroisoquinoline and 5-nitrosoisoquinoline were obtained by direct nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in the 5-nitroisoquinoline molecule. In the case of urea and monosubstituted ureas, only 5-nitrosoisoquinoline-6-amine is formed under anhydrous conditions.
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9
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Neutral lanthanide complexes based on 5,6′-diaryl-2,2′-bipyridine-6-carboxylic acids: synthesis and photophysical properties. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Gazizov DA, Gorbunov EB, Zhilina EF, Slepukhin PA, Rusinov GL. Direct C–H/C–H Coupling of the Azoloannulated Pteridines with Electron Rich (Hetero)Aromatic Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13011-13022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis A. Gazizov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sofia Kovalevskoy St. 22/20, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Evgeny B. Gorbunov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sofia Kovalevskoy St. 22/20, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Ekaterina F. Zhilina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sofia Kovalevskoy St. 22/20, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Slepukhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sofia Kovalevskoy St. 22/20, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sofia Kovalevskoy St. 22/20, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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11
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Kim MJ, Lee SW, Dao PDQ, Cho CS. Synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐
a
]indolo[1,2‐
c
]quinazolines from 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)indoles and 2‐methoxybenzimidazoles under recyclable magnetic MOF‐199 catalysis. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Seong Weon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Pham Duy Quang Dao
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
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12
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Ranu B, Egorov I, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Kopchuk D, Kovalev I, Zyryanov G, Majee A, Chupakhin O, Liu Y. Mechanochemically Induced Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions under Ball Milling. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Egorov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anindita Mukherjee
- Ural'skij federal'nyj universitet imeni pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B N El'cina RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sougata Santra
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Dmitry Kopchuk
- Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Grigory Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Oleg Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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13
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Dao PDQ, Cho CS. Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Arylindolo[1.2‐c]quinazoline‐6(5H)‐ones from 2‐2(Bromoaryl)indoles and Aryl Isocyanates under Microwave Irradiation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pham Duy Quang Dao
- Kyungpook National University Applied Chemistry 80 Daehakro, Bukgu 41566 Daegu KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Kyungpook National University Department of Applied Chemistry 80 Daehakro, Bukgu 41566 Daegu KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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14
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The Structure of Biologically Active Functionalized Azoles: NMR Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the data on the stereochemical structure of functionalized azoles (pyrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, thiazoles, and benzazoles) and related compounds obtained by multipulse and multinuclear 1H, 13C, 15N NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. The stereochemistry of functionalized azoles is a challenging topic of theoretical research, as the correct interpretation of their chemical behavior and biological activity depends on understanding the factors that determine the stereochemical features and relative stability of their tautomers. NMR spectroscopy, in combination with quantum chemical calculations, is the most convenient and reliable approach to the evaluation of the stereochemical behavior of, in particular, nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Over the last decade, 15N NMR spectroscopy has become almost an express method for the determination of the structure of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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15
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Matsuda C, Igarashi R, Katagiri H, Murase T. Skeletal Transformation Triggered by C−F Bond Activation after Photochemical Rearrangement of Fluorinated [7]Helicenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200132. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Matsuda
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
| | - Ryo Igarashi
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- Faculty of Science Yamagata University 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi Yamagata Yamagata 990-8560 Japan
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16
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Lavrinchenko IA, Moseev TD, Varaksin MV, Zyryanov GV, Taniya OS, Tsmokalyuk AN, Demidov OP, Borovlev IV, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. A BF 3-mediated C–H/C–Li coupling of 1,3,7-triazapyrene with 2-thienyllithium in the design of push–pull fluorophores and chemosensors for nitroaromatics. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05216k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A BF3-mediated strategy of oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen affords mono- and bis-substituted thiophene-derived 1,3,7-triazapyrene fluorophores of interest in the design of luminescent materials and chemosensors for nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikhail V. Varaksin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigoriy V. Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga S. Taniya
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg P. Demidov
- North Caucasus Federal University, 355009, Stavropol, Russia
| | | | - Valery N. Charushin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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17
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Shchepochkin AV, Antipin FV, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Oxidative C–H Functionalization of Arenes: Main Tool of 21st Century Green Chemistry. A Review. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500821070016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Trofimov BA, Volkov PA, Telezhkin AA. Electron-Deficient Acetylenes as Three-Modal Adjuvants in S NH Reaction of Pyridinoids with Phosphorus Nucleophiles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226824. [PMID: 34833916 PMCID: PMC8619330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Publications covering a new easy metal-free functionalization of pyridinoids (pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines, acridine) under the action of the system of electron-deficient acetylenes (acetylenecarboxylic acid esters, acylacetylenes)/P-nucleophiles (phosphine chalcogenides, H-phosphonates) are reviewed. Special attention is focused on a SNH reaction of the regioselective cross-coupling of pyridines with secondary phosphine chalcogenides triggered by acylacetylenes to give 4-chalcogenophosphorylpyridines. In these processes, acetylenes act as three-modal adjuvants (i) activating the pyridine ring towards P-nucleophiles, (ii) deprotonating the P-H bond and (iii) facilitating the nucleophilic addition of the P-centered anion to a heterocyclic moiety followed by the release of the selectively reduced acetylenes (E-alkenes).
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19
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Li J, Zhang S, Lao J, Zou H. Direct Transition-Metal Free Benzene C-H Functionalization by Intramolecular Non-Nitroarene Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen to Diverse AIEgens. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3208-3218. [PMID: 34132487 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct C(sp2 )-H functionalization through nitroarene-triggered nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SNArH ) has attracted growing attention, owing to its high efficiency and low carbon footprint. In this study, non-nitro-group-assisted SN ArH has been developed for direct benzene functionalization in one pot under mild conditions. The electron-withdrawing carbonyl group and the halide or trifluoromethyl group on the phenyl ring enable the σH adduct formation to fulfill the intramolecular C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) bond construction. Notably, the cyano group serves as both the electron-withdrawing group to activate the C(sp3 )-H bond and the leaving group to fulfill the β-elimination. Three series of pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolinones, as well as unexpected rearrangement products 3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-inden-1-ones are regioselectively obtained through a simple and efficient base-catalyzed one-pot strategy. Mechanistic studies indicate that the σH adduct from carbanion addition to hydrogen serves as the sole intermediate for all of the aforementioned transformations. These molecules show intense luminescence and the subsequent one-step structural modification results in the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) derivatives with redshifted full-color tunable fluorescence, large Stokes shifts, and good quantum yields. Further living cell imaging investigations suggest their potential application as specific bioprobes for lipid droplet localization and visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shuaizhong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Lao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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20
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Lyalin BV, Sigacheva VL, Kudinova AS, Neverov SV, Kokorekin VA, Petrosyan VA. Electrooxidation Is a Promising Approach to Functionalization of Pyrazole-Type Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:4749. [PMID: 34443338 PMCID: PMC8400477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes for the first time the poorly studied electrooxidative functionalization of pyrazole derivatives leading to the C-Cl, C-Br, C-I, C-S and N-N coupling products with applied properties. The introduction discusses some aspects of aromatic hydrogen substitution. Further, we mainly consider our works on effective synthesis of the corresponding halogeno, thiocyanato and azo compounds using cheap, affordable and environmentally promising electric currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V. Lyalin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vera L. Sigacheva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Anastasia S. Kudinova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Neverov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir A. Kokorekin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institute Str. 5, 143050 Bol’shiye Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Petrosyan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
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21
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Smyshliaeva LA, Varaksin MV, Fomina EI, Medvedeva MV, Svalova TS, Kozitsina AN, Demidov OP, Borovlev IV, Mensch C, Mampuys P, Maes BUW, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. 1,3,7-Triazapyrene-Based ortho-Carborane Fluorophores: Convenient Synthesis, Theoretical Studies, and Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia A. Smyshliaeva
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Varaksin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Oleg P. Demidov
- North Caucasus Federal University, 1 Pushkin Str., 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Borovlev
- North Caucasus Federal University, 1 Pushkin Str., 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Carl Mensch
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 171 Groenenborgerlaan, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mampuys
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 171 Groenenborgerlaan, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 171 Groenenborgerlaan, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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22
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Substitution of a nitro group by diazonium salts in σH-Adducts of carbanions to mono-nitrobenzenes. Formation of substituted azobenzenes and indazoles. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Wang H, Ruan Y, Lin YM, Xia H. Direct amidation of metallaaromatics: access to N-functionalized osmapentalynes via a 1,5-bromoamidated intermediate. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6315-6322. [PMID: 34084429 PMCID: PMC8115065 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01571k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct C–H amidation or imidation of metallaaromatics with N-bromoamides or imides has been achieved under mild conditions and leads to the formation of a family of N-functionalized metallapentalyne derivatives. A unique 1,5-bromoamidated species has been identified, and can be viewed as a σH-adduct intermediate in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The 1,5-addition of both electrophilic and nucleophilic moieties into the metallaaromatic framework demonstrates a novel pathway in contrast to the typical radical process of arene C–H amidation involving N-haloamide reagents. The direct C–H amidation of metallapentalyne has been achieved under mild conditions in which key 1,5-bromoamidated intermediates was determined.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yonghong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China .,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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24
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Akulov AA, Varaksin MV, Mampuys P, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON, Maes BUW. C(sp 2)-H functionalization in non-aromatic azomethine-based heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:297-312. [PMID: 33026389 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct C(sp2)-H functionalization of the endocyclic azomethine and aldonitrone moieties in non-aromatic azaheterocycles has established itself as a promising methodology over the last decade. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, α-metalation-electrophile quenching protocols, and (metal-free) nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen reactions (SNH) are the major routes applied on cyclic imines and their derivatives. In this overview, we show the tangible progress made in this area during the period from 2008 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Akulov
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Varaksin
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia. and Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pieter Mampuys
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia. and Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia. and Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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25
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Khutorianskyi VV, Baris N, Beier P. Oxidative nucleophilic alkoxylation of nitrobenzenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen in nitroaromatics with potassium alkoxides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V. Khutorianskyi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Baris
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Czech Republic
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26
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Volkov PA, Telezhkin AA, Khrapova KO, Ivanova NI, Albanov AI, Gusarova NK, Trofimov BA. Metal-free SHN cross-coupling of pyridines with phosphine chalcogenides: polarization/deprotonation/oxidation effects of electron-deficient acetylenes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Terminal acylacetylenes act as trimodal auxiliaries in SHN cross-coupling of pyridines with phosphine chalcogenides. The reaction proceeds via phosphorylation of the pyridine 2 position followed by 2 → 4-migration of phosphoryl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Volkov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Anton A. Telezhkin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya O. Khrapova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Nina I. Ivanova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Albanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Nina K. Gusarova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Boris A. Trofimov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
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27
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Quang Dao PD, Cho CS. Construction of Binuclear Benzimidazole-Fused Quinazolinones and Pyrimidinones Using Aryl Isocyanates as Building Blocks by Transition-Metal-Free C(sp 2)-N Coupling. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13354-13362. [PMID: 33016702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A class of binuclear N-fused hybrid scaffolds was constructed by the reaction of 2-(2-bromoaryl)- and 2-(2-bromovinyl)benzimidazoles with aryl isocyanates as building blocks in the presence of a base under microwave irradiation. A nucleophilic addition followed by an unprecedented transition-metal-free C(sp2)-N coupling is proposed as a reaction pathway of this green process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Duy Quang Dao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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28
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Wang Y, Li R, Guan W, Li Y, Li X, Yin J, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Xiong T, Zhang Q. Organoborohydride-catalyzed Chichibabin-type C4-position alkylation of pyridines with alkenes assisted by organoboranes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11554-11561. [PMID: 34094401 PMCID: PMC8162492 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The first NaBEt3H-catalyzed intermolecular Chichibabin-type alkylation of pyridine and its derivatives with alkenes as the latent nucleophiles is presented with the assistance of BEt3, and a series of branched C4-alkylation pyridines, even highly congested all-carbon quaternary center-containing triarylmethanes can be obtained in a regiospecific manner. Therefore, the conventional reliance on high cost and low availability transition metal catalysts, prior formation of N-activated pyridines, organometallic reagents, and extra oxidation operation for the construction of a C–C bond at the C4-position of the pyridines in previous methods are not required. The corresponding mechanism and the key roles of the organoborane were elaborated by the combination of H/D scrambling experiments, 11B NMR studies, intermediate trapping experiments and computational studies. This straightforward and mechanistically distinct organocatalytic technology not only opens a new door for the classical but still far less well-developed Chichibabin-type reaction, but also sets up a new platform for the development of novel C–C bond-forming methods. The first NaBEt3H-catalyzed intermolecular Chichibabin-type alkylation of pyridines with alkenes as the latent nucleophiles is presented in the presence of BEt3, and a series of branched C4-alkylated pyridines were obtained in a regiospecific manner.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Runhan Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jianjun Yin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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29
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Savchuk MI, Krinochkin AP, Rammohan A, Khasanov AF, Kopchuk DS, Egorov IN, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. An expedient synthesis of 5-alkynyl-6-aryl-2,2′-bipyridines. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Zyryanov GV, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Santra S, Rahman M, Khasanov AF, Krinochkin AP, Taniya OS, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Rational synthetic methods in creating promising (hetero)aromatic molecules and materials. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Utepova IA, Nemytov AI, Ishkhanian VA, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Metal-free C–H/C–H coupling of 1,3-diazines and 1,2,4-triazines with 2-naphthols facilitated by Brønsted acids. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Egorov IN, Santra S, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Ranu BC, Rusinov VL, Chupakhin ON. Direct Asymmetric Arylation of Imines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya N. Egorov
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Engineering Institute Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Sougata Santra
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Engineering Institute Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Engineering Institute Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division) 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya Str. Yekaterinburg 62099 Russian Federation
| | - Igor S. Kovalev
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Engineering Institute Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Engineering Institute Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division) 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya Str. Yekaterinburg 62099 Russian Federation
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
| | - Brindaban C. Ranu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Vladimir L. Rusinov
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Engineering Institute Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division) 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya Str. Yekaterinburg 62099 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Engineering Institute Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division) 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya Str. Yekaterinburg 62099 Russian Federation
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33
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Moseev TD, Varaksin MV, Gorlov DA, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Transition-Metal-Free C–H/C–Li Coupling of Nonaromatic 2H-Imidazole 1-Oxides with Pentafluorophenyl Lithium in the Design of Novel Fluorophores with Intramolecular Charge Transfer Effect. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11124-11133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail V. Varaksin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Denis A. Gorlov
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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34
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Synthesis and Facile Dearomatization of Highly Electrophilic Nitroisoxazolo[4,3- b]pyridines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25092194. [PMID: 32397095 PMCID: PMC7248838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of novel 6-R-isoxazolo[4,3-b]pyridines were synthesized and their reactions with neutral C-nucleophiles (1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, π-excessive (het)arenes, dienes) were studied. The reaction rate was found to be dependent on the nature of the substituent 6-R. The most reactive 6-nitroisoxazolo[4,3-b]pyridines are able to add C-nucleophiles in the absence of a base under mild conditions. In addition, these compounds readily undergo [4+2]-cycloaddition reactions on aromatic bonds C=C(NO2) of the pyridine ring, thus indicating the superelectrophilic nature of 6-NO2-isoxazolo[4,3-b]pyridines.
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35
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Diep TD, Duy Quang Dao P, Ho SL, Cho CS. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trinuclear N-Fused Hybrid Scaffolds by Double C(sp
2
)-N Bond Formation between 2-(2-Bromoaryl)indoles and 2-Aminoazoles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Duyen Diep
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro 41566 Bukgu Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Duy Quang Dao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro 41566 Bukgu Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Son Long Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro 41566 Bukgu Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro 41566 Bukgu Daegu Republic of Korea
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36
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Wang J, Li YH, Pan SC, Li MF, Du W, Yin H, Li JH. Efficient Phosphorus-Free Chlorination of Hydroxy Aza-Arenes and Their Application in One-Pot Pharmaceutical Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Song-Cheng Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Fang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hua Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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37
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Zhao X, Xiao D, Cui X, Chai C, Zhao L. Mechanistic insight into the organocalcium-mediated nucleophilic alkylation of benzene and further rational design. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations disclosed the mechanism of the target reaction and the origin of unusual nucleophilicity of organocalcium. More reactive analogues were designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis(IAS)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
| | - Dengmengfei Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis(IAS)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
| | - Xianlu Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis(IAS)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
| | - Chaoqun Chai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis(IAS)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis(IAS)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
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Electrochemical Oxidative Aromatizationof 9-Substituted 9,10-Dihydroacridines: Cleavage of C–H vs C–X Bond. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ghosh P, Kwon NY, Han S, Kim S, Han SH, Mishra NK, Jung YH, Chung SJ, Kim IS. Site-Selective C-H Alkylation of Diazine N-Oxides Enabled by Phosphonium Ylides. Org Lett 2019; 21:6488-6493. [PMID: 31373494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of alkylated diazine derivatives is important for their practical utilization as pharmaceuticals and for other purposes. Herein, we describe the metal-free site-selective C-H alkylation of diazine N-oxides using phosphonium ylides that affords a variety of alkylated diazine derivatives with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this method is showcased by the late-stage functionalization of a commercially available drug such as varenicline. Notably, the sequential C-H alkylation of pyrazine N-oxides for the total synthesis of a pyrazine-containing natural product, paenibacillin A, highlights the importance of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithwish Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Saegun Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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41
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Pokorná D, Cuřínová P, Pola J. Calcium Hydroxide Effect in Degradation of Aqueous Naphthalene: Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen at the C(sp 2)–H Bond. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1624975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Pokorná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Pola
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tsyganov DV, Samet AV, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Semenov VV. Arylglyoxal oximes as putative C-nucleophiles in eliminative nucleophilic substitution process. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Nucleophilic C—H functionalization of arenes: a contribution to green chemistry. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Trofimov BA, Volkov PA, Khrapova KO, Telezhkin AA, Ivanova NI, Albanov AI, Gusarova NK, Belogolova AM, Trofimov AB. Acetylene-Triggered Reductive Incorporation of Phosphine Chalcogenides into a Quinoline Scaffold: Toward SNHAr Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6244-6257. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Trofimov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A. Volkov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya O. Khrapova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Anton A. Telezhkin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Nina I. Ivanova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Albanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Nina K. Gusarova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra M. Belogolova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander B. Trofimov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
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46
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Mampuys P, Moseev TD, Varaksin MV, De Houwer J, Vande Velde CML, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN, Maes BUW. Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrazin-2(1 H)-ones via Tele-Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen Involving Grignard Reactants and Electrophiles. Org Lett 2019; 21:2699-2703. [PMID: 30964690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 6-chloro-1-methylpyrazin-2(1 H)-one with Grignard reactants followed by quenching with different electrophiles gave access to a variety of 3,6-difunctionalized 1-methylpyrazin-2(1 H)-ones. This regioselective three-component reaction represents the first example of a tele-nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (SNH) in which the anionic σH adduct is quenched by electrophiles (other than a proton) before elimination takes place. Quenching the reaction with iodine (I2) or bromine (Br2) provides an alternative reaction pathway, yielding a 3-functionalized 6-chloro-1-methylpyrazin-2(1 H)-one or 5-bromo-6-chloro-1-methylpyrazin-2(1 H)-one, respectively. The halogens present offer opportunities for further selective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Mampuys
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Timofey D Moseev
- Ural Federal University , Mira St. 19 , 620002 Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Mikhail V Varaksin
- Ural Federal University , Mira St. 19 , 620002 Ekaterinburg , Russia.,Institute of Organic Synthesis , S. Kovalevskaya St. 22 , 620990 Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Johan De Houwer
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Christophe M L Vande Velde
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, Advanced Reactor Technology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University , Mira St. 19 , 620002 Ekaterinburg , Russia.,Institute of Organic Synthesis , S. Kovalevskaya St. 22 , 620990 Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Ural Federal University , Mira St. 19 , 620002 Ekaterinburg , Russia.,Institute of Organic Synthesis , S. Kovalevskaya St. 22 , 620990 Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
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Pozharskii AF, Ozeryanskii VA, Dyablo OV, Pogosova OG, Borodkin GS, Filarowski A. Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen Atom in Initially Inactivated Pyrrole Ring. Org Lett 2019; 21:1953-1957. [PMID: 30854860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been found that 1-dialkylamino-8-(pyrrolyl-1)naphthalenes 1 and 6, upon treatment with an equimolar amount of HBF4 under ambient conditions, produce 1-dialkylammonium salts which are transformed into 7,7-dialkyl-7 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]perimidine-7-ium tetrafluoroborates 5 and 7, respectively. The reaction proceeds in a highly selective manner and represents the first case of nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in the initially inactivated pyrrole ring. The scope and limitations of the transformation, apparently operating due to the joint action of the "proximity effect" and proton catalysis, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Pozharskii
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Southern Federal University , Zorge str 7 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russian Federation
| | - Valery A Ozeryanskii
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Southern Federal University , Zorge str 7 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Dyablo
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Southern Federal University , Zorge str 7 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russian Federation
| | - Olga G Pogosova
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Southern Federal University , Zorge str 7 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russian Federation
| | - Gennady S Borodkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry , Southern Federal University , Stachki Ave 194/2 , 344090 Rostov-on-Don , Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland and Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskij pr 26 , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
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48
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Smyshliaeva LA, Varaksin MV, Slepukhin PA, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Transition metal-free oxidative and deoxygenative C-H/C-Li cross-couplings of 2 H-imidazole 1-oxides with carboranyl lithium as an efficient synthetic approach to azaheterocyclic carboranes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2618-2626. [PMID: 30410624 PMCID: PMC6204773 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct C-H functionalization methodology has first been applied to perform transition metal-free C-H/C-Li cross-couplings of 2H-imidazole 1-oxides with carboranyllithium. This atom- and step-economical approach, based on one-pot reactions of nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (SN H) in non-aromatic azaheterocycles, affords novel imidazolyl-modified carboranes of two types (N-oxides and their deoxygenative analogues), which are particularly of interest in the design of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail V Varaksin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A Slepukhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620041 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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49
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9-Ethyl-3-{6-(het)aryl-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl}-9H-carbazoles: synthesis and study of sensitivity to nitroaromatic compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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