N-Arylation of nitrogen containing heterocycles with aryl halides using copper nanoparticle catalytic system

Atomically dispersed cobalt catalysts for tandem synthesis of primary benzylamines from oxidized β-O-4 segments

This work presents an innovative approach focusing on fine-tuning the coordination environment of atomically dispersed cobalt catalysts for tandem synthesis of primary benzylamines from oxidized lignin model compounds. By meticulously regulating the Co-N coordination environment, the activity of these catalysts in the hydrogenolysis and reductive amination reactions was effectively controlled. Notably, our study demonstrates that, in contrast to cobalt nanoparticle catalysts, atomically dispersed cobalt catalysts exhibit precise control of the sequence of hydrogenolysis and reductive amination reactions. Particularly, the CoN3 catalyst with a triple Co-N coordination number achieved a remarkable 94% yield in the synthesis of primary benzylamine. To our knowledge, there is no previous documentation of the synthesis of primary benzylamines from lignin dimer model compounds. Our study highlights a promising one-pot route for sustainable production of nitrogen-containing aromatic chemicals from lignin.

Pyrazole and pyrazoline derivatives as antimalarial agents: A key review

Malaria poses a severe public health risk and a significant economic burden in disease-endemic countries. One of the most severe issues in malaria control is the development of drug resistance in malaria parasites. The standard treatment for malaria is artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT). Nevertheless, the Plasmodium parasite's extensive resistance to prior drugs and reduced ACT efficiency necessitates novel drug discovery. The progress in discovering novel, affordable, and effective antimalarial agents is significant in combating drug resistance, and the hybrid drug concept can be used to covalently link two or more active pharmacophores that may act on multiple targets. Pyrazole and pyrazoline derivatives are considered pharmacologically necessary active heterocyclic scaffolds that possess almost all types of pharmacological activities. This review summarized recent progress in antimalarial activities of synthesized pyrazole and pyrazoline derivatives. The studies published since 2000 are included in this systematic review. This review is anticipated to be beneficial for future study and new ideas in searching for rational development strategies for more effective pyrazole and pyrazoline derivatives as antimalarial drugs.

Pyrazole Scaffolds: Centrality in Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Drug Design

BACKGROUND

Pyrazole is a component of a diversity of bioactive heterocyclic congeners with a broad-spectrum range of biological and pharmacological uses. Designing novel pyrazole and its analogues, revealing new routes for synthesizing this nucleus, exploring various potencies of that heterocycles, and looking for possible applications of pyrazoles are all becoming more important due to their numerous potential applications.

OBJECTIVES

Pyrazole scaffolds have been proven to be successful as anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic against multiple targets like HSV-1, NNRTI, H1N1, CoX-1, and CoX-2. Due to this miscellany in the biotic area, this moiety has engrossed the consideration of many scientists to study chemistry and pharmacological profile.

RESULTS

The review encompasses pyrazole having various scaffolds with multiple biological activities and attempts have also been made to correlate their structure-activity relationship. Multiple pyrazole correspondents have been synthesized as lead molecules and performed valuation for their actions.

CONCLUSION

The incorporation of pyrazole with other pharmacophores in the molecule might lead to novel potent therapeutic agents that will further help in designing potent lead molecules.

A Molecular Insight into Pyrazole Congeners as Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antimalarial Agents

BACKGROUND

Pyrazole is a bioactive heterocyclic congener found in a wide range of biological and pharmacological applications. Due to their multiple prospective uses, developing innovative pyrazoles and analogues, disclosing revolutionary ways for synthesizing this nucleus, investigating diverse potencies of that heterocycle, and seeking for possible applications of pyrazoles are all growing more significant Objectives: Pyrazole scaffolds have been proven to be successful as antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial therapeutic against multiple targets like DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, Hsp90, and several kinase enzymes. Its moiety has absorbed the attention of many scientists to research chemical and pharmacological profile due to this miscellany in the biotic region.

RESULTS

The review covers pyrazole scaffolds with a variety of biological functions, as well as attempts to connect the structure-activity relationship. Multiple pyrazole analogues have been produced as lead compounds, and their activities have been evaluated.

CONCLUSION

The combination of pyrazole with other pharmacophores in a molecule might lead to novel potent therapeutic medicines, which could aid in the development of potent lead compounds.

A novel series of pyrazole derivatives toward biological applications: experimental and conceptual DFT characterization

A new series of 13 pyrazole-derivative compounds with potential antifungal activity were synthetized with good yields. The series have the (E)-2-((1-(R)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)phenol general structure and were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and two-dimensional NMR experiments. This experimental characterization was complemented by DFT simulations. A deep insight regarding molecular reactivity was accomplished employing a conceptual DFT approach. In this sense, dual descriptors were calculated at HF and DFT level of theory and GGV spin-density Fukui functions. The main reactive region within the molecules was mapped through isosurface and condensed representations. Finally, chemical descriptors that have previously shown to be close related to biological activity were compared within the series. Thus, higher values of chemical potential ω and electrophilicity χ obtained for compounds 10, 9, 8, 6 and 7, in this order, suggest that these molecules are the better candidates as biological agents.

A decennary update on applications of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in the synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds

Heterocycles have been found to be of much importance as several nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycle compounds exist amongst the various USFDA-approved drugs. Because of the advancement of nanotechnology, nanocatalysis has found abundant applications in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Numerous nanoparticles (NPs) have been utilized for several organic transformations, which led us to make dedicated efforts for the complete coverage of applications of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in the synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds reported from 2010 to 2019. Our emphasize during the coverage of catalyzed reactions of the various MNPs such as Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Si, Ti, and Zn has not only been on nanoparticles catalyzed synthetic transformations for the synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds, but also provide an inherent framework for the reader to select a suitable catalytic system of interest for the synthesis of desired heterocyclic scaffold.

Efficient Ni-catalyzed conversion of phenols protected with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) to olefins

An efficient Ni(COD)₂/dppf catalyzed olefination of Ar-O-TCT as synthetic equivalents of aryl halides is described. Activation of C-O bonds in phenols as readily available compounds was achieved with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT). This method provides practical access to 1,2-disubstituted olefins in high yields and high functional group compatibility.