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Qiu X, Chong D, Fairbanks AJ. Selective Anomeric Acetylation of Unprotected Sugars with Acetic Anhydride in Water. Org Lett 2023; 25:1989-1993. [PMID: 36912487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Unprotected sugars are selectively acetylated simply by stirring in aqueous solution in the presence of acetic anhydride and a weak base such as sodium carbonate. The reaction is selective for acetylation of the anomeric hydroxyl group of mannose, 2-acetamido, and 2-deoxy sugars and can be performed on a large scale. Competitive intramolecular migration of the 1-O-acetate to the 2-hydroxyl group when these two substituents are cis causes over-reaction and the formation of product mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Chong
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Hamaya Y, Komura N, Imamura A, Ishida H, Ando H, Tanaka HN. Protecting-group- and microwave-free synthesis of β-glycosyl esters and aryl β-glycosides of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116852. [PMID: 35649323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A protecting-group-free method for synthesis of β-glycosyl esters and aryl β-glycosides was developed by using latent chemical reactivity of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) oxazoline. The GlcNAc oxazoline was spontaneously reacted with carboxylic acids and phenol derivatives via the oxazoline ring opening without the use of a catalyst or heating conditions (i.e., microwave irradiation), affording the desired products in moderate to excellent yields with β-selectivity. This simple protecting-group-free method exhibits a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, and it allows the efficient production of a novel class of GlcNAc-conjugated biomaterials and prodrug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hamaya
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Oceanography Section, Science Research Center, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
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Qiu X, Garden AL, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting group free glycosylation: one-pot stereocontrolled access to 1,2- trans glycosides and (1→6)-linked disaccharides of 2-acetamido sugars. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4122-4130. [PMID: 35440979 PMCID: PMC8985506 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprotected 2-acetamido sugars may be directly converted into their oxazolines using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC), and a suitable base, in aqueous solution. Freeze drying and acid catalysed reaction with an alcohol as solvent produces the corresponding 1,2-trans-glycosides in good yield. Alternatively, dissolution in an aprotic solvent system and acidic activation in the presence of an excess of an unprotected glycoside as a glycosyl acceptor, results in the stereoselective formation of the corresponding 1,2-trans linked disaccharides without any protecting group manipulations. Reactions using aryl glycosides as acceptors are completely regioselective, producing only the (1→6)-linked disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Anna L Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand .,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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Li G, Noguchi M, Arisaka G, Tanaka Y, Shoda SI. A protecting group-free approach for synthesizing C-glycosides through glycosyl dithiocarbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3134-3138. [PMID: 33885567 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first protection/deprotection-free process for radical C-glycosylation has been achieved through one-step preparable glycosyl dithiocarbamates (GDTCs). The Giese-type reaction and radical allylation of unprotected GDTCs were successfully performed to obtain the corresponding α-C-glycosides stereoselectively under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan.
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Fairbanks AJ. Applications of Shoda's reagent (DMC) and analogues for activation of the anomeric centre of unprotected carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108197. [PMID: 33256953 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC, herein also referred to as Shoda's reagent) and its derivatives are useful for numerous synthetic transformations in which the anomeric centre of unprotected reducing sugars is selectively activated in aqueous solution. As such unprotected sugars can undergo anomeric substitution with a range of added nucleophiles, providing highly efficient routes to a range of glycosides and glycoconjugates without the need for traditional protecting group manipulations. This mini-review summarizes the development of DMC and some of its derivatives/analogues, and highlights recent applications for protecting group-free synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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Li G, Noguchi M, Nakamura K, Hayasaka R, Tanaka Y, Shoda SI. First protection-free protocol for synthesis of 1-deoxy sugars through glycosyl dithiocarbamate intermediates. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Use of Glycosyl Dithiocarbamates: Small Molecule ‘Turn-on’ Fluorescent Probe for Carbohydrate Binding Proteins. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Meguro Y, Noguchi M, Li G, Shoda SI. Glycosyl Bunte Salts: A Class of Intermediates for Sugar Chemistry. Org Lett 2017; 20:76-79. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Meguro
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masato Noguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Gefei Li
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Serizawa K, Noguchi M, Li G, Shoda SI. First Detection of Unprotected 1,2-Anhydro Aldopyranoses. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Serizawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-514, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579
| | - Masato Noguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-514, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579
| | - Gefei Li
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-514, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579
| | - Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-514, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579
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Downey AM, Hocek M. Strategies toward protecting group-free glycosylation through selective activation of the anomeric center. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1239-1279. [PMID: 28694870 PMCID: PMC5496566 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an immensely important biological process and one that is highly controlled and very efficient in nature. However, in a chemical laboratory the process is much more challenging and usually requires the extensive use of protecting groups to squelch reactivity at undesired reactive moieties. Nonetheless, by taking advantage of the differential reactivity of the anomeric center, a selective activation at this position is possible. As a result, protecting group-free strategies to effect glycosylations are available thanks to the tremendous efforts of many research groups. In this review, we showcase the methods available for the selective activation of the anomeric center on the glycosyl donor and the mechanisms by which the glycosylation reactions take place to illustrate the power these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Michael Downey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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SHODA SI. Development of chemical and chemo-enzymatic glycosylations. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:125-145. [PMID: 28302960 PMCID: PMC5422579 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosidic compounds are indispensable molecules in living systems. Biological phenomena such as cell wall formation, energy storage, and cell recognition strongly depend on the multi-functional characters of these substances. Development of highly regio- and stereoselective glycosylation reactions is necessary to provide sufficient amounts of specific compounds in basic research as well as for applications in industry. This review presents an overview of chemical and chemo-enzymatic glycosylations that have been developed during my forty-year academic career in the field of glyco-science. In the course of these studies, several new concepts such as "Direct Anomeric Activation", "Glyco-Process Chemistry" and "Glyco-Chemistry Cycles" have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro SHODA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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