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Gleim F, Schnakenburg G, Ferao AE, Streubel R. Arbuzov meets 1,2-oxaphosphetanes: transient 1,2-oxaphosphetan-2-iums as an entry point to beta-halo phosphane oxides and P-containing oligomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2625-2628. [PMID: 38334361 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00254g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of a 1,2σ3λ3-oxaphosphetane from ethylene oxide and its reactions with alkyl halides to form β-halo phosphane oxides in an Arbuzov-type reaction. When methyl triflate was used as a hard electrophile, cationic oligomerisation of 1,2-oxaphosphetanes was observed. DFT calculations indicate 1,2-oxaphosphetan-2-iums as intermediates and reveal differences between the Arbuzov and the potential Perkow reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gleim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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1,2σ 3λ 3-Oxaphosphetanes and Their P-Chalcogenides-A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103345. [PMID: 35630822 PMCID: PMC9147792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 1,2σ5λ5-oxaphosphetanes have been known for a long time, the “low-coordinate” 1,2σ3λ3-oxaphosphetanes have only been known since their first synthesis in 2018 via decomplexation. Apart from ligation of this P-heterocycle to gold(I)chloride and the oxidation using ortho-chloranil, nothing on their chemistry has been reported so far. Herein, we describe the synthesis of new 1,2σ3λ3-oxaphosphetane complexes (3a–e) and free derivatives (4a–e), as well as reactions of 4a with chalcogens and/or chalcogen transfer reagents, which yielded the P-chalcogenides (14–16a; Ch = O, S, Se). We also report on the theoretical results of the reaction pathways of C-phenyl-substituted 1,2 σ3λ3-oxaphosphetanes and ring strain energies of 1,2σ4λ5-oxaphosphetane P-chalcogenides.
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Rey Planells A, Espinosa Ferao A. Accurate Ring Strain Energies of Unsaturated Three-Membered Heterocycles with One Group 13-16 Element. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6459-6468. [PMID: 35442022 PMCID: PMC9066411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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High-quality ring
strain energy (RSE) data for 1H-unsaturated (CH)2X parent rings, where X is a group 13–16
element, are reported in addition to the 2H-isomers
of the pnictogenirene rings. RSE data are obtained from appropriate
homosdesmotic reactions and calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP//B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP(ecp)
level. 1H-Tallirene and 1H-plumbirene
have unique donor–acceptor structures between an acetylene
π(CC) orbital and an empty p orbital of a metallylene subunit
(a Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson description) and therefore
cannot be described as proper rings but as pseudocyclic structures.
Also, 1H-indirene and 1H-oxirene
lack ring critical points and constitute borderline cases of pseudorings.
1H-Unsaturated rings exhibit enhanced RSE compared
to their saturated homologues. The mechanism of ring strain relaxation
by increasing the s character in the lone pair (LP) of group 15–16
elements is remarkable and increases on descending the groups. Furthermore,
RSE is affected by the aromatic character of group 13 rings and certain
aromatic or antiaromatic character in group 14 or 15–16 rings,
respectively, which tend to vanish on descending the group as shown
by NICS(1) values. 2H-Unsaturated rings were found
only for group 15 elements (although only 2H-azirine
shows a proper cyclic structure) and displayed lower RSE (higher stability)
than the corresponding 1H-isomers. Accurate ring strain energies (RSE) are
calculated for three-membered
1H-unsaturated rings containing a 13−16 group
element and group 15 2H-isomers. The presence or
absence of lone pairs at the heteroatom and the existence of intrinsic
or residual (anti)aromaticity were shown to affect the RSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rey Planells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
A state-of-the-art computational study of CHNO isomers is presented, including substituted derivatives and cyclotrimerization and deprotonation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rey Planells
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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Volk N, Malik P, Alcaraz AG, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Chemistry of oxaphosphirane complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Non-covalent interactions abetted supramolecular arrangements of N-Substituted benzylidene acetohydrazide to direct its solid-state network. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Espinosa Ferao A, Rey Planells A, Streubel R. Between Oxirane and Phosphirane: The Spring‐loaded Oxaphosphirane Ring. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia
| | - Alicia Rey Planells
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1
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Planells AR, Ferao AE. Accurate Ring Strain Energy Calculations on Saturated Three-Membered Heterocycles with One Group 13-16 Element. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11503-11513. [PMID: 32799495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accurate ring strain energy (RSE) data for parent (CH2)2X rings are reported, where X are group 13-16 elements (El) in their lowest oxidation state, from the second to the sixth row, with their covalence completed by bonds to H. They are obtained from appropriate homodesmotic and hyper-homodesmotic reactions at different levels up to the CCSD(T) level, thus providing a benchmark of high-quality reference RSE values, as well as acceptably accurate faster lower-level options. Derivatives of indium, thallium, and lead cannot be properly described by a three-member ring connectivity, because they display a unique donor-acceptor structure from an ethylene π(C═C) orbital to an empty p orbital of a metallylene subunit. The RSE of groups 13 and 14 heterocycles increases on descending in the group (except for Ga and Ge), while it decreases for groups 15 and 16. The latter is presumably due to a strain-releasing mechanism favored by the increase of p-character at the sp3-type atomic orbital used by El in the endocyclic El-C bonds, %p(El)El-C, originated by the tendency of the El lone pairs in groups 15-16 to increase their s-character. This strain-releasing mechanism does not exist in heavier tetrels, which keep almost unchanged the p-character in the endocyclic bonds at El, whereas for triels the p-character is still lower owing to their sp2-like hybridization. Remarkable linear correlations were found between the RSE and either the above-mentioned %p(El)El-C, the distal C-C bond distance or the relaxed force constants for the endocyclic bond angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rey Planells
- Depto. Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Depto. Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Espinosa Ferao A, García Alcaraz A, Zaragoza Noguera S, Streubel R. Terminal Phosphinidene Complex Adducts with Neutral and Anionic O-Donors and Halides and the Search for a Differentiating Bonding Descriptor. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12829-12841. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio García Alcaraz
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Zaragoza Noguera
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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A Procedure for Computing Hydrocarbon Strain Energies Using Computational Group Equivalents, with Application to 66 Molecules †. CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A method is presented for the direct computation of hydrocarbon strain energies using computational group equivalents. Parameters are provided at several high levels of electronic structure theory: W1BD, G-4, CBS-APNO, CBS-QB3, and M062X/6-31+G(2df,p). As an illustration of the procedure, strain energies are computed for 66 hydrocarbons, most of them highly strained.
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Rey A, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Quantum Chemical Calculations on CHOP Derivatives-Spanning the Chemical Space of Phosphinidenes, Phosphaketenes, Oxaphosphirenes, and COP - Isomers. Molecules 2018; 23:E3341. [PMID: 30562997 PMCID: PMC6321265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
After many decades of intense research in low-coordinate phosphorus chemistry, the advent of Na[OCP] brought new stimuli to the field of CHOP isomers and derivatives thereof. The present theoretical study at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP level describes the chemical space of CHOP isomers in terms of structures and potential energy surfaces, using oxaphosphirene as the starting point, but also covering substituted derivatives and COP- isomers. Bonding properties of the P⁻C, P⁻O, and C⁻O bonds in all neutral and anionic isomeric species are discussed on the basis of theoretical calculations using various bond strengths descriptors such as WBI and MBO, but also the Lagrangian kinetic energy density per electron as well as relaxed force constants. Ring strain energies of the superstrained 1H-oxaphosphirene and its barely strained oxaphosphirane-3-ylidene isomer were comparatively evaluated with homodesmotic and hyperhomodesmotic reactions. Furthermore, first time calculation of the ring strain energy of an anionic ring is described for the case of oxaphosphirenide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universiy of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Kyri AW, Gleim F, García Alcaraz A, Schnakenburg G, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. "Low-coordinate" 1,2-oxaphosphetanes - a new opportunity in coordination and main group chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7123-7126. [PMID: 29770833 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
While 1,2σ5λ5-oxaphosphetanes are well known intermediates from the Wittig-reaction, no 1,2σ3λ3-oxaphosphetanes have been described, so far. Herein, we present the first synthesis of 1,2σ3λ3-oxaphosphetanes derived from their κP-Mo(CO)5 complexes and first investigations towards metal coordination and P-oxidation. Bonding, ring strain energy and potential retro-[2+2] cycloaddition reactions of the 1,2-oxaphosphetane ring were studied by DFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Kyri
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhardt-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Radenković S, Gutman I, Zdravković S, Antić M. Strain in strain-free benzenoid hydrocarbons: the case of fibonacenes. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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