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Härk HH, Troska A, Arujõe M, Burk P, Järv J, Ploom A. Kinetic study of aza-amino acid incorporation into peptide chains: Influence of the steric effect of the side chain. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Koustoulidou S, Handula M, de Ridder C, Stuurman D, Beekman S, de Jong M, Nonnekens J, Seimbille Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Two Long-Acting SSTR2 Antagonists for Radionuclide Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091155. [PMID: 36145375 PMCID: PMC9503898 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) has become an essential target for radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). JR11 was introduced as a promising antagonist peptide to target SSTR2. However, due to its rapid blood clearance, a better pharmacokinetic profile is necessary for more effective treatment. Therefore, two JR11 analogs (8a and 8b), each carrying an albumin binding domain, were designed to prolong the blood residence time of JR11. Both compounds were labeled with lutetium-177 and evaluated via in vitro assays, followed by in vivo SPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies. [177Lu]Lu-8a and [177Lu]Lu-8b were obtained with high radiochemical purity (>97%) and demonstrated excellent stability in PBS and mouse serum (>95%). [177Lu]Lu-8a showed better affinity towards human albumin compared to [177Lu]Lu-8b. Further, 8a and 8b exhibited binding affinities 30- and 48-fold lower, respectively, than that of the parent peptide JR11, along with high cell uptake and low internalization rate. SPECT/CT imaging verified high tumor accumulation for [177Lu]Lu-8a and [177Lu]Lu-JR11 at 4, 24, 48, and 72 h post-injection, but no tumor uptake was observed for [177Lu]Lu-8b. Ex vivo biodistribution studies revealed high and increasing tumor uptake for [177Lu]Lu-8a. However, its extended blood circulation led to an unfavorable biodistribution profile for radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Koustoulidou
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryana Handula
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Savanne Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-703-8961
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Bowles M, Proulx C. Solid phase submonomer azapeptide synthesis. Methods Enzymol 2021; 656:169-190. [PMID: 34325786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Azapeptides contain at least one aza-amino acid, where the α-carbon has been replaced by a nitrogen atom, and have found broad applicability in fields ranging from medicinal chemistry to biomaterials. In this chapter, we provide a step-by-step protocol for the solid phase submonomer synthesis of azapeptides, which includes three steps: (1) hydrazone activation and coupling onto a resin-bound peptide, (2) chemoselective semicarbazone functionalization for installation of the aza-amino acid side chain, and (3) orthogonal deprotection of the semicarbazone to complete the monomer addition cycle. We focus on semicarbazone functionalization by N-alkylation with primary alkyl halides, and describe conditions for coupling onto aza-amino acids. Such divergent methods accelerate the synthesis of peptidomimetics and allow the rapid introduction of a wide variety of natural and unnatural side chains directly on solid support using easily accessible submonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Bowles
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Caroline Proulx
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Miyata K, Narita A, Fujisawa R, Roppongi M, Ito S, Shingo T, Oba T. Synthesis of boronophenylalanine-like aza-amino acids for boron-containing azapeptide precursors. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sarkar A, Edson C, Tian D, Fink TD, Cianciotti K, Gross RA, Bae C, Zha RH. Rapid Synthesis of Silk-Like Polymers Facilitated by Microwave Irradiation and Click Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:95-105. [PMID: 32902261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silk is a natural fiber that surpasses most man-made polymers in its combination of strength and toughness. Silk fibroin, the primary protein component of silk, can be synthetically mimicked by a linear copolymer with alternating rigid and soft segments. Strategies for chemical synthesis of such silk-like polymers have persistently resulted in poor sequence control, long reaction times, and low molecular weights. Here, we present a two-stage approach for rapidly synthesizing silk-like polymers with precisely defined rigid blocks. This approach utilizes solid-phase peptide synthesis to create uniform oligoalanine "prepolymers", followed by microwave-assisted step-growth polymerization with bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol). Multiple coupling chemistries and reaction conditions were explored, with microwave-assisted click chemistry yielding polymers with Mw ∼ 14 kg/mol in less than 20 min. These polymers formed antiparallel β-sheets and nanofibers, which is consistent with the structure of natural silk fibroin. Thus, our strategy demonstrates a promising modular approach for synthesizing silk-like polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Cody Edson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ding Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tanner D Fink
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Katherine Cianciotti
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Richard A Gross
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - R Helen Zha
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Aza-Amino Acids Disrupt β-Sheet Secondary Structures. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101919. [PMID: 31109055 PMCID: PMC6572070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cα to N substitution in aza-amino acids imposes local conformational constraints, changes in hydrogen bonding properties, and leads to adaptive chirality at the nitrogen atom. These properties can be exploited in mimicry and stabilization of peptide secondary structures and self-assembly. Here, the effect of a single aza-amino acid incorporation located in the upper β-strand at a hydrogen-bonded (HB) site of a β-hairpin model peptide (H-Arg-Tyr-Val-Glu-Val-d-Pro-Gly-Orn-Lys-Ile-Leu-Gln-NH2) is reported. Specifically, analogs in which valine3 was substituted for aza-valine3 or aza-glycine3 were synthesized, and their β-hairpin stabilities were examined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The azapeptide analogs were found to destabilize β-hairpin formation compared to the parent peptide. The aza-valine3 residue was more disruptive of β-hairpin geometry than its aza-glycine3 counterpart.
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Albericio F, El-Faham A. Choosing the Right Coupling Reagent for Peptides: A Twenty-Five-Year Journey. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road,
Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426,
Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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Arujõe M, Ploom A, Mastitski A, Järv J. Influence of steric effects in solid-phase aza-peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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