|
1
|
Allen LAT, Natho P. Trends in carbazole synthesis - an update (2013-2023). Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8956-8974. [PMID: 37906471 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The interest of scientists in the carbazole core has risen steadily over the last 30 years, particularly over the last decade given its presence in several active pharmaceutical ingredients, functional materials and a wide range of biologically active natural products. The continuous development of more efficient, more (regio-)selective and "greener" methodologies to access the carbazole core is thus imperative. This review compares and evaluates synthetic strategies towards the carbazole core that have been reported since 2013, with a focus on their applicability towards the total synthesis of carbazole-containing natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A T Allen
- CheMastery, Paper Yard, 11a Quebec Way, London, SE16 7LG, UK
| | - Philipp Natho
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Dong Y, Luo LX, Hua C, He ZJ, Chen Y, Shi ZC, Li ZH, He B. 'On Water'-Promoted Three-Component Tandem Michael Addition/D-A Cycloaddition Reaction to Construct Polycyclic N-Heterocycles Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300100. [PMID: 36930226 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
'On Water'-promoted the three-component tandem Michael addition/D-A cycloaddition reaction in 80 °C at 3 h has been developed without employing any catalyst and organic solvent. The process allows facile access to polycyclic N-heterocycles derivatives contain indole and maleimide from easily accessible starting materials in moderate to high yields (up to 91 %). Compared with conventional reaction conditions, this reaction not only improves the reaction efficiency and rate but also minimizes the side reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Xian Luo
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Chen Hua
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jing He
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chuan Shi
- Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing He
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Wang Z, Liu Z, Sun A, Wang KK. Recent advances of three‐component reactions of simple indoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Wang
- Xinxiang University chemistry and chemical engineering Xinxiang 453000 Xinxiang CHINA
| | | | - Aili Sun
- Xinxiang University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M. Diels-Alder reactions of 1-amino-1,3-dienes and related systems. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
|
5
|
Jiang Z, Zhou J, Zhu H, Liu H, Zhou Y. Rh(III)-Catalyzed [5 + 1] Annulation of Indole-enaminones with Diazo Compounds To Form Highly Functionalized Carbazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:4406-4410. [PMID: 34018745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation cascade of indole-enaminones with diazo compounds was reported to construct diversely functionalized carbazole frameworks. The most notable characteristic is that this transformation could smoothly furnish a novel [5 + 1] cyclization product with good to excellent yields (up to 95%), accompanied by the thorough removal of acetyl and N,N-dimethyl groups of two substrates from the target products, rather than the normally expected [4 + 2] cyclization products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Ali R, Chinnam AK, Aswar VR. The Double and Triple Role of L-(+)-tartaric Acid and Dimethyl Urea: A Prevailing Green Approach in Organic Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210111111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The deep eutectic mixtures (DESs), introduced as a novel alternative to usual volatile
organic solvents for organic transformations, have attracted tremendous attention of the
research community because of their low cost, negligible vapour pressure, low toxicity, biodegradability,
recyclability, insensitivity towards moisture, and ready availability from bulk
renewable resources. Although the low melting mixture of dimethyl urea (DMU)/L-(+)-
tartaric acid (TA) is still in infancy, it is very effective as it plays multiple roles such as solvent,
catalyst and/or reagent in the same pot for many crucial organic transformations. These
unique properties of the DMU/TA mixture prompted us to provide a quick overview of where
the field stands presently and where it might be going in the near future. To our best knowledge,
no review dealing with the applications of a low melting mixture of DMU/TA appeared
in the literature except the one published in 2017, describing only the chemistry of indole systems. Therefore, we
intended to reveal the developments of this versatile, low melting mixture in the modern organic synthesis since its
first report in 2011 by Köenig’s team to date. Hopefully, the present review article will be useful to the researcher
working not only in the arena of synthetic organic chemistry but also to the scientists working in other branches of
science and technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-2343, United States
| | - Vikas R. Aswar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Dong Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhan XY, He S, Shi ZC, Zhang XM, Wang JY. Cobalt-Catalyzed Cycloamination: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Polycyclic N-Heterocycles. Org Lett 2020; 22:5151-5156. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai He
- Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chuan Shi
- Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Singh S, Samineni R, Pabbaraja S, Mehta G. A General Carbazole Synthesis via Stitching of Indole–Ynones with Nitromethanes: Application to Total Synthesis of Carbazomycin A, Calothrixin B, and Staurosporinone. Org Lett 2019; 21:3372-3376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ramesh Samineni
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Aggarwal T, Sushmita S, Verma AK. Recent advances in the synthesis of carbazoles from indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8330-8342. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of carbazoles using indoles as precursors through CH activation/annulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trapti Aggarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Sushmita Sushmita
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Kaufmann J, Jäckel E, Haak E. Rutheniumkatalysierte Kaskadenanellierung von Indol mit Propargylalkoholen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kaufmann
- Institut für Chemie; Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Jäckel
- Institut für Chemie; Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Edgar Haak
- Institut für Chemie; Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Kaufmann J, Jäckel E, Haak E. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Indole with Propargyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5908-5911. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kaufmann
- Institute of Chemistry; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jäckel
- Institute of Chemistry; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Edgar Haak
- Institute of Chemistry; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|