1
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Fatika FAW, Anwar M, Prasetyo DJ, Rizal WA, Suryani R, Yuliyanto P, Hariyadi S, Suwanto A, Bahmid NA, Wahono SK, Sriherfyna FH, Poeloengasih CD, Purwono B, Agustian E, Maryana R, Hernawan H. Facile fabrication of chitosan Schiff bases from giant tiger prawn shells (Penaeus monodon) via solvent-free mechanochemical grafting. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125759. [PMID: 37429343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of chitosan Schiff bases (ChSB) from giant tiger prawn shells (Penaeus monodon) using an environmentally friendly method has been conducted successfully. Transformation of Prawn Shells (PS) as raw material into chitin then chitosan was executed under ambient temperature. Later, three Ch Schiff bases (ChSB-A, ChSB-S, and ChSB-V) were successfully synthesized for the first time via solvent-free mechanochemical grafting with 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, respectively. Synthesis was carried out with Shaker Mill-Ultimate Gravity equipped with a Teflon jar with zirconia balls; then the product was characterized. FTIR analysis proved the conversion of free amine to imine groups. The degree of substitution (DS) and crystallinity index (CrI) were determined by elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The DS values obtained were about 0.343, 0.795, and 0.055 for ChSB-A, ChSB-S, and ChSB-V, respectively. The CrI of ChSB-A, ChSB-S, and ChSB-V was 53.3, 51.7, and 46.9 %, respectively. The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the mechanochemical grafting of Ch improves the thermal stability of ChSB. This developed method provides a novel potential technique to convert PS into ChSB products by solvent-free mechanochemical grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febryan A W Fatika
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muslih Anwar
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi J Prasetyo
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu A Rizal
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ria Suryani
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ponco Yuliyanto
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sugeng Hariyadi
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andri Suwanto
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur A Bahmid
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Satriyo K Wahono
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Crescentiana D Poeloengasih
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwono
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Egi Agustian
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Roni Maryana
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hernawan Hernawan
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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2
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Némethová V, Krištofíková D, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Asymmetric Organocatalysis Under Mechanochemical Conditions. CHEM REC 2023:e202200283. [PMID: 36703542 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis is a robust methodology providing access to numerous valuable compounds while having green chemistry principles in mind. The realization of organocatalytic transformation under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions brings additional benefits in terms of yields, selectivities, and, last but not least overall improved sustainability. This overview describes developments in the use of mechanochemistry as a vehicle for asymmetric organocatalytic transformations. The material is organized according to main catalytic activation modes, starting with covalent activation and proceeding to non-covalent activation modes. The advantages of mechanochemical organocatalytic reactions are particularly highlighted, but in some cases also, limitations are mentioned. Possibilities for target compound synthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Némethová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Krištofíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Maayuri R, Gandeepan P. Manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:441-464. [PMID: 36541044 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has become a promising strategy in organic synthesis due to its improved atom-, step- and resource economy. Considering the Earth's abundance, economic benefits, and low toxicity, 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation have received a significant focus. In particular, organometallic manganese-catalyzed C-H activation has proven to be versatile and suitable for a wide range of transformations such as C-H addition to π-components, arylation, alkylation, alkynylation, amination, and many more. Among them, manganese-catalyzed C-H addition to C-C and C-heteroatom multiple bonds exhibited unique and promising reactivity to construct a wide range of complex organic molecules. In this review, we highlight the developments in the field of manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds via C-H activation with a range of applications until August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Maayuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
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4
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Sen S, Barman D, Khan H, Das R, Maiti D. Cu(II)-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of Pyridine Derivatives/Isoquinolines with Iodonium Ylide and 1,4-Quinones Using Mechanochemistry. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12164-12174. [PMID: 36044036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed solvent-free multicomponent reaction for pyridine derivatives, iodonium ylides, and 1,4-quinones is developed via a room-temperature ball milling technique. The reported protocol provides a sustainable synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-a]pyridine/isoquinoline class of molecules in good to excellent yield in a mixer mill (RETSCH MM400) engaging the commercially available copper acetate (Cu(OAc)2) as a catalyst without the use of organic solvents. It tolerates a myriad of electron-rich and electron-deficient functionalities on the pyridine moiety. The scalability of the protocol was illustrated by successfully performing the reaction in the gram scale. The photoluminescence and related cellular study revealed that these can be used as a fluorescent chromophore-based cellular probe. A clean reaction profile and a facile experimental setup that is devoid of anhydrous reaction conditions and toxic organic solvents have established the advantages of this strategy over the reported process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, UP, India
| | - Dhiraj Barman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, UP, India
| | - Haya Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, UP, India
| | - Ranajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, UP, India
| | - Debajit Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, UP, India
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5
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Wang JF, Lu LY, Zhang P, Qin YJ, Guo ZX. Selective oxidation of primary benzylic alcohols to aldehydes using NaNO 3 under ball milling. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for oxidation of primary benzylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes is reported using NaNO3/P2O5 under high-speed ball-milling conditions. This approach is clean, efficient, and exhibits broad functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
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6
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Barišić D, Pajić M, Halasz I, Babić D, Ćurić M. Mechanochemical halogenation of unsymmetrically substituted azobenzenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:680-687. [PMID: 35821698 PMCID: PMC9235908 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct and selective mechanochemical halogenation of C–H bonds in unsymmetrically substituted azobenzenes using N-halosuccinimides as the halogen source under neat grinding or liquid-assisted grinding conditions in a ball mill has been described. Depending on the azobenzene substrate used, halogenation of the C–H bonds occurs in the absence or only in the presence of PdII catalysts. Insight into the reaction dynamics and characterization of the products was achieved by in situ Raman and ex situ NMR spectroscopy and PXRD analysis. A strong influence of the different 4,4’-substituents of azobenzene on the halogenation time and mechanism was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Barišić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Pajić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Babić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manda Ćurić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Min S, Park B, Nedsaengtip J, Hyeok Hong S. Mechanochemical Direct Fluorination of Unactivated C(
sp
3
)−H Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehye Min
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jantakan Nedsaengtip
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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8
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Barišić D, Halasz I, Bjelopetrović A, Babić D, Ćurić M. Mechanistic Study of the Mechanochemical Pd II-Catalyzed Bromination of Aromatic C–H Bonds by Experimental and Computational Methods. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Barišić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alen Bjelopetrović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manda Ćurić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Rubčić M, Hernández JG. Cocrystal Formation Precedes the Mechanochemically Acetate-Assisted C-H Activation with [Cp*RhCl 2 ] 2. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200737. [PMID: 35274769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the experimentally studied mechanochemical formation of rhodacycles by ball milling pyridine- and quinoline-derived substrates and [Cp*RhCl2 ]2 in the presence of NaOAc. Ex-situ analysis of the mechanochemical reactions using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the formation of unexpected cocrystals between the substrates and the rhodium dimer prior to the C-H activation step. This sequence of events differs from the generally accepted steps in solution in which cleavage of [Cp*RhCl2 ]2 is initiated by acetate ions. Additionally, the mechanochemical approach enabled the synthesis of the six-membered rhodacycle [Cp*Rh(2-benzilpyridine)Cl], a metal complex repeatedly reported as inaccessible in solution. Altogether, the results of this investigation clarify some of the fundamental aspects of mechanochemical cyclometallations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Rubčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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10
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C−H Methylation Using Sustainable Approaches. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C−H methylation of sp2 and sp3 carbon centers is significant in many biological processes. Methylated drug candidates show unique properties due to the change in solubility, conformation and metabolic activities. Several photo-catalyzed, electrochemical, mechanochemical and metal-free techniques that are widely utilized strategies in medicinal chemistry for methylation of arenes and heteroarenes have been covered in this review.
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11
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Bian MH, Lu LY, Zhang P, Guo ZX. The dehydrative etherification of benzyl alcohols via mechanochemical reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Yang X, Wu C, Su W, Yu J. Mechanochemical C−X/C−H Functionalization: An Alternative Strategy Access to Pharmaceuticals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Weike Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
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13
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Lu LY, Zhang P, Qin YJ, Guo ZX. A mechanochemical domino reaction: From α-methylbenzyl alcohols to diacylfuroxans. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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14
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Aleksanyan DV, Churusova SG, Brunova VV, Peregudov AS, Shakhov AM, Rybalkina EY, Klemenkova ZS, Kononova EG, Denisov GL, Kozlov VA. Mechanochemistry for the synthesis of non-classical N-metalated palladium(II) pincer complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16726-16738. [PMID: 34761776 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The peculiarities of cyclopalladation of a series of non-classical pincer-type ligands based on monothiooxalyl amides bearing ancillary N- or S-donor groups in the amide units have been scrutinized both under conditions of conventional solution-based synthesis and in the absence of a solvent according to a solid-phase methodology including mechanochemical activation. Grinding the functionalized monothiooxamides with PdCl2(NCPh)2 in a mortar or vibration ball mill is shown to serve as an efficient and green alternative to the synthesis of these complex metal-organic systems in solution that can offer such advantages as the absence of any auxiliary and significant rate and yield enhancement, especially for the challenging ligands. The realization of S,N,N- or S,N,S-monoanionic tridentate coordination in the resulting pincer complexes has been confirmed by multinuclear NMR (including 2D NMR) and IR spectroscopy and, in some cases, X-ray diffraction. The course and outcome of the solid-phase reactions have been studied by a combination of different spectroscopic methods as well as SEM/EDS analysis. The preliminary evaluation of cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines has revealed the high potency of some of the cyclopalladated derivatives obtained, rendering further development of solvent-free synthetic routes to this type of complexes very urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V Aleksanyan
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
| | - Svetlana G Churusova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
| | - Valentina V Brunova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
| | - Alexander S Peregudov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
| | - Aleksander M Shakhov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Rybalkina
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe shosse 23, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - Zinaida S Klemenkova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
| | - Elena G Kononova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
| | - Gleb L Denisov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Kozlov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
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15
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Zuo LL, Qin S, Zhang P, Qin YJ, Guo ZX. Mechanochemical sulfonation of aromatic compounds using NaHSO4·H2O/P2O5. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198211032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of aromatic sulfonic acids is synthesized by subjecting arenes and NaHSO4·H2O to high-speed ball milling in the presence of P2O5. It is suggested the aromatic sulfonation occurs via in situ generated H2SO4 to give aromatic sulfonic acids. In some cases, formation of diaryl sulfones was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
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16
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2145-2162. [PMID: 33835716 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Wu JW, Zhang P, Guo ZX. Nitration of deactivated aromatic compounds via mechanochemical reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Ni S, Hribersek M, Baddigam SK, Ingner FJL, Orthaber A, Gates PJ, Pilarski LT. Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Catalytic C-H Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6660-6666. [PMID: 33031646 PMCID: PMC7986365 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanochemical, solvent-free, highly regioselective, rhodium-catalyzed C-H methylation of (hetero)arenes is reported. The reaction shows excellent functional-group compatibility and is demonstrated to work for the late-stage C-H methylation of biologically active compounds. The method requires no external heating and benefits from considerably shorter reaction times than previous solution-based C-H methylation protocols. Additionally, the mechanochemical approach is shown to enable the efficient synthesis of organometallic complexes that are difficult to generate conventionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ni
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala UniversityBox 57675123UppsalaSweden
| | - Matic Hribersek
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala UniversityBox 57675123UppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityBox 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Paul J. Gates
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's Close, CliftonBristolBS8 1TSUK
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19
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O’Neill RT, Boulatov R. The many flavours of mechanochemistry and its plausible conceptual underpinnings. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:148-167. [PMID: 37117533 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry describes diverse phenomena in which mechanical load affects chemical reactivity. The fuzziness of this definition means that it includes processes as seemingly disparate as motor protein function, organic synthesis in a ball mill, reactions at a propagating crack, chemical actuation, and polymer fragmentation in fast solvent flows and in mastication. In chemistry, the rate of a reaction in a flask does not depend on how fast the flask moves in space. In mechanochemistry, the rate at which a material is deformed affects which and how many bonds break. In other words, in some manifestations of mechanochemistry, macroscopic motion powers otherwise endergonic reactions. In others, spontaneous chemical reactions drive mechanical motion. Neither requires thermal or electrostatic gradients. Distinct manifestations of mechanochemistry are conventionally treated as being conceptually independent, which slows the field in its transformation from being a collection of observations to a rigorous discipline. In this Review, we highlight observations suggesting that the unifying feature of mechanochemical phenomena may be the coupling between inertial motion at the microscale to macroscale and changes in chemical bonding enabled by transient build-up and relaxation of strains, from macroscopic to molecular. This dynamic coupling across multiple length scales and timescales also greatly complicates the conceptual understanding of mechanochemistry.
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Zhou K, Mao Y, Wu F, Lou S, Xu D. Recent Advances in C—H Bond Functionalization under Mechanochemical Conditions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Ni S, Hribersek M, Baddigam SK, Ingner FJL, Orthaber A, Gates PJ, Pilarski LT. Mechanochemical Solvent‐Free Catalytic C−H Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ni
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Matic Hribersek
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Swarna K. Baddigam
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratories Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Paul J. Gates
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Clifton Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Lukasz T. Pilarski
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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22
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Avila-Ortiz CG, Juaristi E. Novel Methodologies for Chemical Activation in Organic Synthesis under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:E3579. [PMID: 32781678 PMCID: PMC7464687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One central challenge for XXI century chemists is the development of sustainable processes that do not represent a risk either to humanity or to the environment. In this regard, the search for more efficient and clean alternatives to achieve the chemical activation of molecules involved in chemical transformations has played a prominent role in recent years. The use of microwave or UV-Vis light irradiation, and mechanochemical activation is already widespread in many laboratories. Nevertheless, an additional condition to achieve "green" processes comes from the point of view of so-called atom economy. The removal of solvents from chemical reactions generally leads to cleaner, more efficient and more economical processes. This review presents several illustrative applications of the use of sustainable protocols in the synthesis of organic compounds under solvent-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gabriela Avila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional, Donceles 104, Centro Histórico, 06020 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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23
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Qin S, Zhang P, Qin YJ, Guo ZX. Facile synthesis of diarylsulfones from arenes and 3CdSO4·xH2O via mechanochemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Bjelopetrović A, Robić M, Halasz I, Babić D, Juribašić Kulcsár M, Ćurić M. Facile Mechanochemical Anion Substitution in Cyclopalladated Azo-Benzenes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alen Bjelopetrović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Robić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Babić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Manda Ćurić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Lambat TL, Chaudhary RG, Abdala AA, Mishra RK, H Mahmood S, Banerjee S. Mesoporous PbO nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of arylbenzodioxy xanthenedione scaffolds under solvent-free conditions in a ball mill. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31683-31690. [PMID: 35527919 PMCID: PMC9072651 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol for the efficient synthesis of arylbenzodioxy xanthenedione scaffolds was developed via a one-pot multi-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 3,4-methylenedioxy phenol using mesoporous PbO nanoparticles (NPs) as a catalyst under ball milling conditions. The synthesis protocol offers outstanding advantages, including short reaction time (60 min), excellent yields of the products (92-97%), solvent-free conditions, use of mild and reusable PbO NPs as a catalyst, simple purification of the products by recrystallization, and finally, the use of a green process of dry ball milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trimurti L Lambat
- Department of Chemistry, Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Commerce & Science Deori Gondia 441901 Maharashtra India +917972047470
| | - Ratiram G Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, S. K. Porwal College Kamptee 441001 India
| | - Ahmed A Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Texas A & M University at Qatar POB 23784 Doha Qatar
| | | | - Sami H Mahmood
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur 495009 Chhattisgarh India
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Gu ZZ, Guo FC, Zhang P, Qin YJ, Guo ZX. Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of diacylfuroxans. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Amado-Briseño MA, Zárate-Hernández LÁ, Alemán-Ayala K, Coreño Alonso O, Cruz-Borbolla J, Vásquez-Pérez JM, Reyes-Cruz VE, Veloz-Rodríguez MA, Rueda-Soriano E, Pandiyan T, Vázquez-García RA. Mechanosynthesis of Photochromic Oligophenyleneimines: Optical, Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050849. [PMID: 30823371 PMCID: PMC6429622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, two oligophenyleneimines type pentamers with terminal aldehydes, designated as DAFCHO (4,4′-((((((2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)bis(methanylylidene))bis(azanyl ylidene))bis(9H-fluorene-7,2-diyl))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,5-bis(octyloxy) benzaldehyde)) and FDACHO (4,4′-((((((2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)bis(methanylylidene))bis (azanylylidene))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,5-bis(octyloxy) benzaldehyde)) were synthesized by mechanochemistry method using 2,5-bis(octyloxy) terephtal aldehyde and 2,7-diaminofluorene or 1,4-phenylenediamine. All compounds were spectroscopically characterized using 1H and 13C-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectrometry MALDITOF. The optical properties of the compounds were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy using different solvents. We observed that DAFCHO and FDACHO exhibit interesting photochromic properties when they are dissolved in chloroform and exposed to sunlight for 3, 5 and 10 min. The value of the energy band gap was calculated from the absorption spectra without irradiation Egap(optical). It was 2.50 eV for DAFCHO in chloroform solution, and it decreased to 2.34 eV when it is in films. For FDACHO, it was 2.41 eV in solution and 2.27 eV in film. HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital), LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) and Egap(electrochemical) values were obtained by electrochemical studies. The results indicate that the compounds can be considered as organic semiconductors since their values are 2.35 eV for DAFCHO and 2.06 eV for FDACHO. The structural and electronic properties of the compounds were corroborated with a DFT (Density Functional Theory) study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Amado-Briseño
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - Luis Ángel Zárate-Hernández
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - Karina Alemán-Ayala
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Coreño Alonso
- Dpto. Ing. Civil, Universidad de Guanajuato, Juárez 77, Guanajuato CP 36000, Mexico.
| | - Julián Cruz-Borbolla
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - José Manuel Vásquez-Pérez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Esteban Reyes-Cruz
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - María Aurora Veloz-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - Esteban Rueda-Soriano
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
| | - Thangarasu Pandiyan
- Facultad de Química, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Circuito exterior, Coyoacán, México D.F. CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Angeles Vázquez-García
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42184, Mexico.
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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Hermann GN, Unruh MT, Jung S, Krings M, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Rhodium(III)‐ and Gold(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Alkynylations of Indoles under Solventless Conditions in Mixer Mills. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10723-10727. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Hermann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marvin T. Unruh
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Se‐Hyeong Jung
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Maik Krings
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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30
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Hermann GN, Unruh MT, Jung S, Krings M, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Rhodium(III)‐ and Gold(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Alkynylations of Indoles under Solventless Conditions in Mixer Mills. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Hermann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marvin T. Unruh
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Se‐Hyeong Jung
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Maik Krings
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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31
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Bjelopetrović A, Lukin S, Halasz I, Užarević K, Đilović I, Barišić D, Budimir A, Juribašić Kulcsár M, Ćurić M. Mechanism of Mechanochemical C−H Bond Activation in an Azobenzene Substrate by PdII
Catalysts. Chemistry 2018; 24:10672-10682. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alen Bjelopetrović
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivica Đilović
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dajana Barišić
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ana Budimir
- Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1; 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Manda Ćurić
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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Denlinger KL, Ortiz-Trankina L, Carr P, Benson K, Waddell DC, Mack J. Liquid-assisted grinding and ion pairing regulates percentage conversion and diastereoselectivity of the Wittig reaction under mechanochemical conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:688-696. [PMID: 29623132 PMCID: PMC5870152 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is maturing as a discipline and continuing to grow, so it is important to continue understanding the rules governing the system. In a mechanochemical reaction, the reactants are added into a vessel along with one or more grinding balls and the vessel is shaken at high speeds to facilitate a chemical reaction. The dielectric constant of the solvent used in liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) and properly chosen counter-ion pairing increases the percentage conversion of stilbenes in a mechanochemical Wittig reaction. Utilizing stepwise addition/evaporation of ethanol in liquid-assisted grinding also allows for the tuning of the diastereoselectivity in the Wittig reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Leahy Denlinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Lianna Ortiz-Trankina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Preston Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Kingsley Benson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Daniel C Waddell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - James Mack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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