1
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Wang GQ, Zhang Y, Zhou YX, Yang D, Han P, Jing LH, Tang K. Photoredox Synthesis of Silicon-Containing Isoindolin-1-ones and Deuterated Analogues Through Hydrosilylation and Deuterium-silylation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38728220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
An efficient, practical, and metal-free protocol for the synthesis of silicon-containing isoindolin-1-ones and deuterated analogues via the synergistic combination of an organic photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer process is described. This strategy features mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, and excellent functional group compatibility, delivering a myriad of structurally diverse and valuable products with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qin Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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2
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Abonia R, Insuasty D, Laali KK. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Propargyl Derivatives, and Their Application as Synthetic Intermediates and Building Blocks. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083379. [PMID: 37110613 PMCID: PMC10146578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The propargyl group is a highly versatile moiety whose introduction into small-molecule building blocks opens up new synthetic pathways for further elaboration. The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in both the synthesis of propargylation agents and their application in the synthesis and functionalization of more elaborate/complex building blocks and intermediates. The goal of this review is to highlight these exciting advances and to underscore their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Abonia
- Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali A.A. 25360, Colombia
| | - Daniel Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Kenneth K Laali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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3
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Serusi L, Palombi L, Pierri G, Mola AD, Massa A. Asymmetric Cascade Aza-Henry/Lactamization Reaction in the Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of 3-(Nitromethyl)isoindolin-1-ones from α-Amido Sulfones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8420-8428. [PMID: 35699594 PMCID: PMC9490826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
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The asymmetric synthesis
of novel 3-substituted isoindolinones
is herein reported. A new cascade reaction was developed that consisted
of the asymmetric nitro-Mannich reaction of suitable α-amido
sulfones designed from 2-formyl benzoates, followed by the in situ cyclization of the adducts. Very high enantioselectivities,
up to 98% ee, and very good yields were obtained in the presence of
the readily available neutral bifunctional organocatalyst derived
from trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, which is known
as Takemoto’s catalyst. The investigation of the reactivity
of the obtained products allowed either the selective Boc-deprotection
or reduction of the nitro group, leading to further functionalized
3-substituted isoindolinones without affecting the enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Serusi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Laura Palombi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, L'Aquila 10-67100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Antonia Di Mola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Antonio Massa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
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4
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Serusi L, Massa A, Tedesco C, Capobianco A, Palombi L. The First Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Sulfinyl-Substituted Isoindolinones Having Adjacent Carbon and Sulfur Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10630-10639. [PMID: 34255964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective access to 3-sulfinyl-substituted isoindolinones has been achieved by a tandem organocatalytic addition/cyclization reaction of 2-carbobenzyloxy-N-tosylbenzylidenimine with thiols and succeeding diastereoselective oxidation with MCPBA. First, enantioenriched isoindolinone N,S-acetals have been obtained through a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation induced by a bifunctional chiral thiourea organocatalyst. In turn, the newly created carbon stereocenter enabled a high diastereocontrol in the subsequent sulfoxidation. Based on DFT calculations, a theoretical rationale for the stereoselectivity of the oxidation reaction is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Serusi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli″, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 132-84084, Italy
| | - Antonio Massa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli″, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 132-84084, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli″, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 132-84084, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli″, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, Salerno 132-84084, Italy
| | - Laura Palombi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, L'Aquila 10-67100, Italy
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5
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Wang S, Wang K, Chang B, Huang D, Hu Y. Synthesis of 1‐(3
H
)isobenzofuranone compounds by tin powder promoted cascade condensation reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangxian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Ke‐Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Bo Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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6
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Xu W, Guo J, Chen Z, Si C, Wei B. Titanium Tetrachloride‐Mediated Approach to Access 2‐Chloro‐2‐Substituted Isoindolin‐1‐ones through the Addition of Alkynes to Acyliminium ions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Medicine School of Pharmacy Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jia‐Ming Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine School of Pharmacy Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Zhao‐Dan Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine School of Pharmacy Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Chang‐Mei Si
- Department of Natural Medicine School of Pharmacy Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Bang‐Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine School of Pharmacy Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
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7
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Ciechańska M, Jóźwiak A, Nazarski RB, Skorupska EA. Unexpected Rearrangement of Dilithiated Isoindoline-1,3-diols into 3-Aminoindan-1-ones via N-Lithioaminoarylcarbenes: A Combined Synthetic and Computational Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11425-11440. [PMID: 31449415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-aryl-3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones with the s-BuLi·TMEDA system in THF at -78 °C, affording a series of diastereomeric 3-aminoindan-1-ones via a novel rearrangement of the isoindolinone scaffold, is reported. It is proposed that α-elimination of LiOH from the transient N,O-dilithiated hemiaminal carbenoids leads to the formation of singlet carbenes followed by their trapping via an intramolecular C-H insertion. An alternative explanation based on an intramolecular Mannich reaction seem much less probable. A mechanistic-type study that combines spectroscopic data of the products and calculation results, with a special focus on the diverse lithiated intermediates that are most likely to engage in the title process (particularly those with internal Li bonds), is presented. The MP2 approach, including the NPA and QTAIM data, provided insight into structures and properties of all these species. Two reaction routes A and B appeared to be possible for the postulated carbene mechanism. An unusual metamorphosis of the CCN atom triad, from a near sp 1-azaallene-type in more stable noncarbene Li enolates to a roughly sp2 type in their carbene keto tautomers, is recognized in one of these pathways (route B). Dominant forms of resonance structures for the aforementioned tautomeric systems that have seven-membered quasi rings stabilized by Li+ ions bridging the N and carbonyl O atoms are indicated. Large computational difficulties arising from a huge impact of internal Li+ complexation on conformational preferences and electronic properties of carbonyl group-bearing lithium derivatives are also discussed. The new γ-keto carbene species under study belong to a subclass of acyclic aminoarylcarbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ciechańska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Tamka 12 , 91-403 Łódź , Poland
| | - Andrzej Jóźwiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Tamka 12 , 91-403 Łódź , Poland
| | - Ryszard B Nazarski
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Pomorska 163/165 , 90-236 Łódź , Poland
| | - Ewa A Skorupska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Tamka 12 , 91-403 Łódź , Poland
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8
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Wang X, Huang D, Wang KH, Su Y, Hu Y. Tin Powder-Promoted Cascade Condensation/Allylation/Lactamization: Synthesis of Isoindolinones and Pyrazoloisoindol-8-ones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6946-6961. [PMID: 31088075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient tin powder-promoted cascade condensation/allylation/lactamization of 2-formylbenzoic acids, hydrazides, and allyl bromides was developed for the synthesis of isoindolinones in good to excellent yields under mild conditions without any other additives or catalysts. Further manipulation of isoindolinones by iodocyclization process afforded the tricyclic tetrahydro-8 H-pyrazolo[5,1- a]isoindol-8-one derivatives, which could be converted into more complicated tetracyclic tetrahydro-4 H-azirino[1',2':2,3]pyrazolo[5,1- a]isoindol-4-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Northwest Normal University , 967 Anning East Road , Lanzhou 730070 , P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Northwest Normal University , 967 Anning East Road , Lanzhou 730070 , P. R. China
| | - Ke-Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Northwest Normal University , 967 Anning East Road , Lanzhou 730070 , P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Northwest Normal University , 967 Anning East Road , Lanzhou 730070 , P. R. China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Northwest Normal University , 967 Anning East Road , Lanzhou 730070 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
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9
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Seto M, Masada S, Usutani H, Cork DG, Fukuda K, Kawamoto T. Application of Continuous Flow-Flash Chemistry to Scale-up Synthesis of 5-Cyano-2-formylbenzoic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Seto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Masada
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Usutani
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - David G. Cork
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Koichiro Fukuda
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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10
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Tian R, Li Y, Liang C. Mechanism of Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Annulation of Aromatic Amide with α-Allenol: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2642-2651. [PMID: 30735381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
With the help of DFT calculations, the reaction mechanisms of the rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation between aromatic amide and α-allenol leading to the formation of isoindolinone have been theoretically investigated. Our calculated results show that the catalytic cycle consists of four stages: N-H deprotonation and C-H activation (Stage I), allene insertion, rearrangement and isomerization (Stage II), β-H elimination and enol-keto tautomerism (Stage III), and catalyst regeneration resulting in the five-membered ring product (Stage IV). For stage IV, besides the reaction paths proposed by the experimentalists, i.e., the insertion and reductive elimination (labeled as path a) and the reductive elimination and hydroamination (labeled as path b), an alternative path which involves C-N and C-H reductive eliminations (labeled as path c) was proposed and examined. The computational results show that the newly established path c is more energetically favorable than the reaction paths proposed by the experimentalists (paths a and b). The allene (non-terminal double bond) insertion step contributes to the rate-determining step with an overall activation free energy of 24.6 kcal/mol. Our study is beneficial for a better comprehension of the reaction mechanisms and provides a significant suggestion for further development of similar reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Tian
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Panjin 124221 , P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology Liaoning , Anshan 114051 , P.R. China
| | - Changhai Liang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Panjin 124221 , P.R. China
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11
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Zamani F, Babaahmadi R, Yates BF, Gardiner MG, Ariafard A, Pyne SG, Hyland CJT. Dual Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloaromatization of Unconjugated (
E
)‐Enediynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2114-2119. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Zamani
- School of Chemistry University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Rasool Babaahmadi
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
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12
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Zamani F, Babaahmadi R, Yates BF, Gardiner MG, Ariafard A, Pyne SG, Hyland CJT. Dual Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloaromatization of Unconjugated (
E
)‐Enediynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Zamani
- School of Chemistry University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Rasool Babaahmadi
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Physical Sciences Discipline of Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
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13
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Zhang Y, Tian H, Luo Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Chen W, Zhang H. Asymmetric synthesis of 2-chloroaziridines via a diastereoselective nucleophilic dichloromethylation and N-alkylation in one pot. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Zhou W, Zhang YX, Nie XD, Si CM, Sun X, Wei BG. Approach to Chiral 1-Substituted Isoquinolone and 3-Substituted Isoindolin-1-one by Addition-Cyclization Process. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9879-9889. [PMID: 29952568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An approach to access 1-substituted isoquinolones has been developed through the addition-cyclization of imines with Grignard reagents in the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl. A number of substituted aromatic magnesium reagents were amenable to this process, and the desired products were obtained with excellent yields and outstanding diastereoselectivities ( dr > 99:1). The utility of this convenient approach is demonstrated by the formal synthesis of ( S)-cryptostyline II. Moreover, N-methylmorpholine (NMM) was found to be an effective additive for the formation of 3-substituted isoindolin-1-ones using one-pot addition-cyclization-deprotection of imine with Grignard reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai , 201203 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xue Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai , 201203 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Di Nie
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai , 201203 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai , 201203 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai , 201203 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai , 201203 , The People's Republic of China
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