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Li Q, Luo Y, Chen J, Xia Y. Visible-Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Azobenzenes to Hydrazobenzenes with Thioacetic Acid as the Reductant. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2443-2452. [PMID: 36718625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst- and metal-free hydrogenation of azobenzenes to hydrazobenzenes in the presence of thioacetic acid was achieved under visible light irradiation. The transformation was carried out under mild conditions in an air atmosphere at ambient temperature, generating a variety of hydrazobenzenes with yields up to 99%. The current process is compatible with a variety of substituents and is highly chemoselective for azo reduction when other unsaturated functionalities (carbonyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, etc.) are contained. Preliminary mechanistic study indicated that the transformation could be a radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanshu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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2
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Miyoshi N, Miyoshi A, Miyazaki Y, Kubo S, Ueno M. Practical method for hydroxyl-group protection using strontium metal and readily available silyl chlorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6312-6315. [PMID: 35522074 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01105k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have found that the etherification of silyl-protected secondary alcohols proceeds smoothly in the presence of strontium metal using silyl chloride instead of the expensive, yet more reactive, and commonly used silyl triflate. The reaction occurred almost completely with various alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Aki Miyoshi
- Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ueno
- Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-1 Minami-jousanjima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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3
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Miyoshi N, Kimura S, Kubo S, Ohmura SD, Ueno M. Chemoselective Ketone Synthesis by the Strontium‐mediated Alkylation or Arylation of
N
,
N
‐Dimethylamides or Urea. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
| | - Shodai Kimura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
| | - Shigeki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
| | - Satoshi D. Ohmura
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
- Present address: National Institute of Technology Niihama College
| | - Masaharu Ueno
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University 1-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8502 Japan
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Yoo BI, Kim YJ, You Y, Yang JW, Kim SW. Birch Reduction of Aromatic Compounds by Inorganic Electride [Ca 2N] +•e - in an Alcoholic Solvent: An Analogue of Solvated Electrons. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13847-13853. [PMID: 30351945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Birch reduction of aromatic systems by solvated electrons in alkali metal-ammonia solutions is widely recognized as a key reaction that functionalizes highly stable π-conjugated organic systems. In spite of recent advances in Birch reduction with regard to reducing agent and reaction conditions, there remains an ongoing challenge to develop a simple and efficient Birch reaction under mild conditions. Here, we demonstrate that the inorganic electride [Ca2N]+•e- promotes the Birch reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and naphthalene under alcoholic solvent in the vicinity of room temperature as a solid-type analogy to solvated electrons in alkali metal ammonia solutions. The anionic electrons from electride [Ca2N]+•e- are transferred to PAHs and naphthalene via alcoholysis in a polar cosolvent medium. It is noteworthy that a high conversion yield to the hydrogenated products is ascribed to the extremely high electron transfer efficiency of 98%. This simple protocol utilizing an inorganic electride offers a direct and practical strategy for the reduction of aromatic compounds and provides an outstanding reducing agent for synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Il Yoo
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - YoungMin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woon Yang
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wng Kim
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746 , Republic of Korea
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