An efficient metal catalyst free approach to synthesize 5-(4-(1,2,4,5 tetrazin-3-yl)benzylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid

An Investigation of the Interaction between Bovine Serum Albumin-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles and the Hydrogel in Hydrogel Nanocomposites

Nanocomposite hydrogels are attracting significant interest due to their potential use in drug delivery systems and tissue scaffolds. Stimuli-responsive hydrogel nanocomposites are of particular interest due to sustained release of therapeutic agents from the hydrogel. However, challenges such as controlled release of therapeutic agents exist because of limited understanding of the interactions between the therapeutic agent and the hydrogel. To investigate the interaction, we synthesize a hydrogel nanocomposite by crosslinking the hydrogel precursors (tetrazine-modified polyethylene glycol and norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid) using click chemistry while bovine serum albumin-capped silver nanoparticles were encapsulated in situ in the matrix. The interaction between the nanoparticles and the hydrogel was studied by a combination of spectroscopic techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest that the hydrogel molecule rearranges so that polyethylene glycol is pointing up toward the surface while hyaluronic acid folds to interact with bovine serum albumin of the nanoparticles. Hyaluronic acid, facing inward, may interact with the nanoparticle via hydrogen bonding. The hydrogel nanocomposite showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive/Gram-negative bactericides, supporting time-based nanoparticle release results. Our findings about interactions between the nanoparticles and the hydrogel can be useful in the formulation of next generation of hydrogel nanocomposites.