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Wang Z, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Gu Y, Zhu Y, Liu L, Zhuang Z, Kong L, Li Y. Four-Component Ring-Opening Reaction of Pyrroles via C-N Bond Cleavage under Multiple Functions of Elemental Sulfur. Org Lett 2023; 25:3094-3098. [PMID: 37087758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a four-component ring-opening reaction of pyrroles via C-N bond cleavage. In this process, elemental sulfur is used as the sulfur source of thiazole and thioamide and the reductant of olefin. A series of benzothiazoles functionalized with thiopropionamides at the C2 position were synthesized using this method. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed based on the concise control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingge Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ziyi Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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Wu Z, Dou J, Nguyen KU, Eppley JC, Siwawannapong K, Zhang Y, Lindsey JS. Tailoring the AIE Chromogen 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole for Use in Enzyme-Triggered Molecular Brachytherapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248682. [PMID: 36557815 PMCID: PMC9786593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A targeted strategy for treating cancer is antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, where the enzyme attached to the antibody causes conversion of an inactive small-molecule prodrug into an active drug. A limitation may be the diffusion of the active drug away from the antibody target site. A related strategy with radiotherapeutics entails enzymatically promoted conversion of a soluble to insoluble radiotherapeutic agent, thereby immobilizing the latter at the target site. Such a molecular brachytherapy has been scarcely investigated. In distinct research, the advent of molecular designs for aggregation-induced emission (AIE) suggests translational use in molecular brachytherapy. Here, several 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole substrates that readily aggregate in aqueous solution (and afford AIE) were elaborated in this regard. In particular, (1) the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) unit was derivatized to bear a pegylated phosphodiester that imparts water solubility yet undergoes enzymatic cleavage, and (2) a p-phenol unit was attached to the benzo moiety to provide a reactive site for final-step iodination (here examined with natural abundance iodide). The pegylated phosphodiester-iodinated benzothiazole undergoes conversion from aqueous-soluble to aqueous-insoluble upon treatment with a phosphatase or phosphodiesterase. The aggregation is essential to molecular brachytherapy, whereas the induced emission of AIE is not essential but provides a convenient basis for research development. Altogether, 21 compounds were synthesized (18 new, 3 known via new routes). Taken together, blending biomedical strategies of enzyme prodrug therapy with materials chemistry concerning substances that undergo AIE may comprise a step forward on the long road toward molecular brachytherapy.
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Stoerkler T, Pariat T, Laurent AD, Jacquemin D, Ulrich G, Massue J. Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Dyes with Dual-State Emission Properties: Concept, Examples and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082443. [PMID: 35458640 PMCID: PMC9024454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-state emissive (DSE) fluorophores are organic dyes displaying fluorescence emission both in dilute and concentrated solution and in the solid-state, as amorphous, single crystal, polycrystalline samples or thin films. This comes in contrast to the vast majority of organic fluorescent dyes which typically show intense fluorescence in solution but are quenched in concentrated media and in the solid-state owing to π-stacking interactions; a well-known phenomenon called aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). On the contrary, molecular rotors with a significant number of free rotations have been engineered to show quenched emission in solution but strong fluorescence in the aggregated-state thanks to restriction of the intramolecular motions. This is the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). DSE fluorophores have been far less explored despite the fact that they are at the crossroad of ACQ and AIE phenomena and allow targeting applications both in solution (bio-conjugation, sensing, imaging) and solid-state (organic electronics, data encryption, lasing, luminescent displays). Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) fluorescence is particularly suitable to engineer DSE dyes. Indeed, ESIPT fluorescence, which relies on a phototautomerism between normal and tautomeric species, is characterized by a strong emission in the solid-state along with a large Stokes’ shift, an enhanced photostability and a strong sensitivity to the close environment, a feature prone to be used in bio-sensing. A drawback that needs to be overcome is their weak emission intensity in solution, owing to detrimental molecular motions in the excited-state. Several strategies have been proposed in that regard. In the past few years, a growing number of examples of DSE-ESIPT dyes have indeed emerged in the literature, enriching the database of such attractive dyes. This review aims at a brief but concise overview on the exploitation of ESIPT luminescence for the optimization of DSE dyes properties. In that perspective, a synergistic approach between organic synthesis, fluorescence spectroscopy and ab initio calculations has proven to be an efficient tool for the construction and optimization of DSE-ESIPT fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Stoerkler
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l’Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, CEDEX 02, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (T.S.); (T.P.); (G.U.)
| | - Thibault Pariat
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l’Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, CEDEX 02, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (T.S.); (T.P.); (G.U.)
| | - Adèle D. Laurent
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarités: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS 6230, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France;
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Chimie et Interdisciplinarités: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS 6230, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l’Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, CEDEX 02, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (T.S.); (T.P.); (G.U.)
| | - Julien Massue
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l’Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, CEDEX 02, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (T.S.); (T.P.); (G.U.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.); (J.M.)
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Munch M, Colombain E, Stoerkler T, Vérité PM, Jacquemin D, Ulrich G, Massue J. Blue-Emitting 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzazole Fluorophores by Modulation of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: Spectroscopic Studies and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2108-2118. [PMID: 35238563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis, spectroscopic studies, and theoretical calculations of nine original fluorophores based on the 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole (HBX) scaffold, functionalized at the 4-position of the phenol ring by ethynyl-extended aniline moieties. HBX dyes are well-known to display an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process, owing to a strong six-membered hydrogen bond in their structure that allows for an enol/keto tautomerism after photoexcitation. Appropriate electronic substitution can perturb the ESIPT process, leading to dual fluorescence, both excited tautomers emitting at specific wavelengths. In the examples described herein, it is demonstrated that the proton transfer can be finely frustrated by a modification of the constitutive heteroring, leading to a single emission band from the excited enol or keto tautomer or a dual emission with relative intensities highly dependent on the environment. Moreover, the nature of the functionalization of the N-alkylated aniline moiety also has a significant importance on the relative excited-state stabilities of the two tautomers in solution. To shed more light on these features, quantum chemical calculations by the density functional theory are used to determine the excited-state energies and rationalize the experimental spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Munch
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Erika Colombain
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Timothée Stoerkler
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Pauline M Vérité
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, University of Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, University of Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Julien Massue
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Pariat T, Stoerkler T, Diguet C, Laurent AD, Jacquemin D, Ulrich G, Massue J. Dual Solution-/Solid-State Emissive Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Dyes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17606-17619. [PMID: 34846147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) dyes typically show strong solid-state emission, but faint fluorescence intensity is observed in the solution state owing to detrimental molecular motions. This article investigates the influence of direct (hetero)arylation on the optical properties of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole ESIPT emitters. The synthesis of two series of ESIPT emitters bearing substituted neutral or charged aryl, thiophene, or pyridine rings is reported herein along with full photophysical studies in solution and solid states, demonstrating the dual solution-/solid-state emission behavior. Depending on the nature of substitution, several excited-state dynamics are observed: quantitative or partially frustrated ESIPT process or deprotonation of the excited species. Protonation studies revealed that pyridine substitution triggered a strong increase of quantum yield in the solution state for the protonated species owing to favorable quinoidal stabilization. These attractive features led to the development of a second series of dyes with alkyl or aryl pyridinium moieties showing strong tunable solution/solid fluorescence intensity. For each series, ab initio calculations helped rationalize and ascertain their behavior in the excited state and the nature of the emission observed by the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Pariat
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Timothée Stoerkler
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Clément Diguet
- Laboratoire CEISAM UMR UN-CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Laboratoire CEISAM UMR UN-CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM UMR UN-CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Julien Massue
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO), UMR CNRS 7515, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Nandy A, Sekar G. KO tBu-Promoted Halogen-Bond-Assisted Intramolecular C-S Cross-Coupling of o-Iodothioanilides for the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15825-15834. [PMID: 34644084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficacious and mild KOtBu-promoted intramolecular C-S cross-coupling of ortho-iodothioanilides in conjunction with a catalytic quantity of phenanthroline as an additive has been described for the convenient synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles. The methodology is suitable for attaining a wide variety of 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-substituted benzothiazoles. Single-crystal XRD, DFT calculations, NMR, and UV studies suggest that halogen bonds between the units of ortho-iodothioanilides may assist in the electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Govindasamy Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
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Jun JV, Chenoweth DM, Petersson EJ. Rational design of small molecule fluorescent probes for biological applications. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5747-5763. [PMID: 32691820 PMCID: PMC7453994 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent small molecules are powerful tools for visualizing biological events, embodying an essential facet of chemical biology. Since the discovery of the first organic fluorophore, quinine, in 1845, both synthetic and theoretical efforts have endeavored to "modulate" fluorescent compounds. An advantage of synthetic dyes is the ability to employ modern organic chemistry strategies to tailor chemical structures and thereby rationally tune photophysical properties and functionality of the fluorophore. This review explores general factors affecting fluorophore excitation and emission spectra, molar absorption, Stokes shift, and quantum efficiency; and provides guidelines for chemist to create novel probes. Structure-property relationships concerning the substituents are discussed in detail with examples for several dye families. We also present a survey of functional probes based on PeT, FRET, and environmental or photo-sensitivity, focusing on representative recent work in each category. We believe that a full understanding of dyes with diverse chemical moieties enables the rational design of probes for the precise interrogation of biochemical and biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joomyung V Jun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Stremski Y, Kirkova D, Statkova-Abeghe S, Angelov P, Ivanov I, Georgiev D. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of hydroxylated 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1791342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Stremski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Kirkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, Chemistry of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, Markovo, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Statkova-Abeghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Angelov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Durcik M, Toplak Ž, Zidar N, Ilaš J, Zega A, Kikelj D, Mašič LP, Tomašič T. Efficient Synthesis of Hydroxy-Substituted 2-Aminobenzo[ d]thiazole-6-carboxylic Acid Derivatives as New Building Blocks in Drug Discovery. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8305-8311. [PMID: 32309742 PMCID: PMC7161044 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[d]thiazole is widely used in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, and it is a component of many compounds and drugs that have several different bioactivities. Herein, we describe an elegant pathway for synthesis of methyl 4- and 5-hydroxy-2-amino-benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylates as building blocks that can be substituted at four different positions on the bicycle and thus offer the possibility to thoroughly explore the chemical space around the molecule studied as a ligand for the chosen target. A series of 12 new compounds was prepared using the described methods and Williamson ether synthesis.
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10
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Wang H, Zhao S, Xu Y, Li L, Li B, Pei M, Zhang G. A new fluorescent probe based on imidazole[2,1-b]benzothiazole for sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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