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Imamoto T. P-Stereogenic Phosphorus Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8657-8739. [PMID: 38954764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral phosphorus ligands play a crucial role in asymmetric catalysis for the efficient synthesis of useful optically active compounds. They are largely categorized into two classes: backbone chirality ligands and P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands. Most of the reported ligands belong to the former class. Privileged ones such as BINAP and DuPhos are frequently employed in a wide range of catalytic asymmetric transformations. In contrast, the latter class of P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands has remained a small family for many years mainly because of their synthetic difficulty. The late 1990s saw the emergence of novel P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands with their superior enantioinduction ability in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation reactions. Since then, numerous P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands have been synthesized and used in catalytic asymmetric reactions. This Review summarizes P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands reported thus far, including their stereochemical and electronic properties that afford high to excellent enantioselectivities. Examples of reactions that use this class of ligands are described together with their applications in the construction of key intermediates for the synthesis of optically active natural products and therapeutic agents. The literature covered dates back to 1968 up until December 2023, centering on studies published in the late 1990s and later years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Imamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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Vaz B, Martínez C, Cruz F, Denis JG, de Lera ÁR, Aurrecoechea JM, Álvarez R. Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocyclization-Coupling Cascades: Preparation of Dehydrotryptophan Derivatives and Computational Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8766-8785. [PMID: 34125552 PMCID: PMC8929666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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Dehydrotryptophan
derivatives have been prepared by palladium-catalyzed
aminocyclization-Heck-type coupling cascades starting from o-alkynylaniline derivatives and methyl α-aminoacrylate.
Aryl, alkyl (primary, secondary, and tertiary), and alkenyl substituents
have been introduced at the indole C-2 position. Further variations
at the indole benzene ring, as well as the C-2-unsubstituted case,
have all been demonstrated. In the case of C-2 aryl substitution,
the preparation of the o-alkynylaniline substrate
by Sonogashira coupling and the subsequent cyclization–coupling
cascade have been performed in a one-pot protocol with a single catalyst.
DFT calculations have revealed significant differences in the reaction
profiles of these reactions relative to those involving methyl acrylate
or methacrylate, and between the reactions of the free anilines and
their corresponding carbamates. Those calculations suggest that the
nature of the alkene and of the acid HX released in the HX/alkene
exchange step that precedes C–C bond formation could be responsible
for the experimentally observed differences in reaction efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Vaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - J Gabriel Denis
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Aurrecoechea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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