1
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Synthesis of 2-[2-(Ethoxymethoxy)phenyl]spiro[cyclopropane-1,2′-indene]-1′,3′-dione. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An 1,3-indanedione-derived donor–acceptor cyclopropane, bearing the ethoxymethyl-protected phenolic group at the ortho-position of the donor aryl substituent, has been synthesized using a reaction sequence involving the Knoevenagel condensation of 1,3-indanedione with the corresponding protected salicylaldehyde followed by the Corey–Chaykovsky cyclopropanation of the obtained adduct with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide. The structure of the synthesized cyclopropane was unambiguously proved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.
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2
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Knyazev DA, Belaya MA, Volodin AD, Korlyukov AA, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. Gallium trichloride-mediated reactions of ‘double’ donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with alkenes and dienes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Shurupova OV, Rzhevskiy SA, Minaeva LI, Topchiy MA, Asachenko AF. Highly efficient synthesis of 3,4-diarylbutadiene sulfones using Heck–Matsuda reaction. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5517-5521. [PMID: 35425582 PMCID: PMC8981374 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time we describe a general method for the synthesis of previously not synthesized unsymmetrical 3,4-diarylbutadiene sulfones which can be stable convenient precursors for 2,3-diaryl-1,3-butadienes. Our method for arylation of butadiene sulfones via Heck–Matsuda reaction allows to obtain unsymmetrical 3,4-diarylbutadiene sulfones with a variety of alkyl, alkoxy, nitro, ethoxycarbonyl, perfluoroalkyl and halogen substituents (30 examples) in very good yields using readily available reagents and catalysts. An efficient and facile Pd-catalyzed synthesis of 3,4-diarylbutadiene sulfones with high regioselectivity from aryldiazonium salts and butadiene sulfone was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Shurupova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Rzhevskiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Lidiya I. Minaeva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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4
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Sergeev PG, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Formal (4+2)‐ and (2+2+2)‐Cycloaddition Between 1‐Azadienes and Styrylmalonates as Analogues of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel G. Sergeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yury V. Tomilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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5
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Oliver GA, Loch MN, Augustin AU, Steinbach P, Sharique M, Tambar UK, Jones PG, Bannwarth C, Werz DB. Cycloadditions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and ‐butanes using S=N‐Containing Reagents: Access to Cyclic Sulfinamides, Sulfonamides, and Sulfinamidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndaf A. Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Maximilian N. Loch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - André U. Augustin
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Pit Steinbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Melatener Str. 20 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390-9038 USA
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390-9038 USA
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Melatener Str. 20 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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6
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Wan X, Wang S, Wu C, Gan J, Wang C. Yb(OTf) 3-Mediated Annulation of Cyclopropane-1,1-dicarbonitriles with 2-Aminobenzaldehydes for Synthesis of Polysubstituted Quinolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:8799-8803. [PMID: 34743522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A Yb(OTf)3-mediated annulation of cyclopropane-1,1-dicarbonitriles and 2-aminobenzaldehydes for the synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines in generally good yields was investigated. In the cascade reaction, the protocol includes ring opening, intermolecular nuclophilic addition, intramolecular nuclophilic addition, and demalononitrile aromatization, in which the malononitrile group serves as a deciduous directing group mediated by Yb(OTf)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
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7
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Oliver GA, Loch MN, Augustin AU, Steinbach P, Sharique M, Tambar UK, Jones PG, Bannwarth C, Werz DB. Cycloadditions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and -butanes using S=N-Containing Reagents: Access to Cyclic Sulfinamides, Sulfonamides, and Sulfinamidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25825-25831. [PMID: 34499800 PMCID: PMC9298015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present (3+2)‐ and (4+2)‐cycloadditions of donor–acceptor (D–A) cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes with N‐sulfinylamines and a sulfur diimide, along with a one‐pot, two‐step strategy for the formal insertion of HNSO2 into D–A cyclopropanes. These are rare examples of cycloadditions with D–A cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes whereby the 2π component consists of two different heteroatoms, thus leading to five‐ and six‐membered rings containing adjacent heteroatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian N Loch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - André U Augustin
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pit Steinbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, USA
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, USA
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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Aluminum chloride-catalyzed Diels-Adler reaction involving arylmethylidenemalonates and conjugated dienes. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Vartanova AE, Levina II, Rybakov VB, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropane Ring Opening with 6-Amino-1,3-dimethyluracil and Its Use in Pyrimido[4,5- b]azepines Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12300-12308. [PMID: 34382810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed reaction of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil was found to proceed as three-membered ring opening via nucleophilic attack of the C(5) atom of an ambident nucleophile serving as an enamine equivalent. It was shown that, under basic conditions, the obtained products underwent cyclization to 6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrimido[4,5-b]azepine-2,4,8-triones, an interesting subclass of nucleobase analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vartanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Irina I Levina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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10
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Borisov DD, Chermashentsev GR, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. Coupling of Styrylmalonates with Furan and Benzofuran Carbaldehydes: Synthesis and Chemistry of Substituted (4-Oxocyclopent-2-enyl)malonates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8489-8499. [PMID: 34048239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the reaction of β-styrylmalonates with furfural derivatives in the presence of GaCl3 that occurs with opening of the furan ring, an efficient diastereoselective method for the synthesis of trisubstituted cyclopentenones containing a 1,4-diketone moiety was developed. The regularities of the reaction were studied, and a number of chemical reactions of the resulting substrates were carried out. A mechanism for the formation of substituted (4-oxo-2-arylcyclopent-2-enyl)malonates was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Grigorii R Chermashentsev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Tomilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Belaya MA, Knyazev DA, Borisov DD, Novikov RA, Tomilov YV. GaCl 3-Mediated Cascade [2 + 4]-Cycloaddition/[4 + 2]-Annulation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Conjugated Dienes: Strategy for the Construction of Benzobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Skeleton. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8089-8100. [PMID: 34047557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally important benzobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives were synthesized by a gallium trichloride mediated reaction of readily available donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) with 1,3-dienes as a one-pot cascade ionic [2 + 4]-cycloaddition/Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization process. At the first stage, DACs act as sources of formal gallium 1,2-zwitterionic complexes to give 6-benzylcyclohex-3-ene-1,1-dicarboxylates that are converted under certain conditions in the presence of GaCl3 to give benzobicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes in 30-74% yields. The process is tolerant of varying substituents at different positions of the main framework. Further, potentially useful modifications of benzobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives are demonstrated. 2-Cyclopropylbutadiene reacts with DAC at higher temperature more deeply with cleavage of three-membered rings in both cyclopropane substrates, and twofold alkylation of the Ph-substituent at ortho- and meta-positions, that leads to a 1,2,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-6H-7,10a-methanocycloocta[cd]indene skeleton. Cyclopropane-1,1-diesters containing a bulky substituent in the ester group react with isoprene in a different way to give bicyclic lactones containing a 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Belaya
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil A Knyazev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Higher Chemical College, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Denis D Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Tomilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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12
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Ghosh K, Das S. Recent advances in ring-opening of donor acceptor cyclopropanes using C-nucleophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:965-982. [PMID: 33471020 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02437f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening transformations of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DAC) with carbon-centered nucleophiles is a simple, straight-forward approach to 1,3-bifunctional compounds that has witnessed remarkable progress over the past several years. To date, different reactivity patterns of DACs have been successfully exploited in racemic/stereoselective syntheses of various acyclic compounds or carbocycles with an impressive structural diversity. The thriving strategies have been successfully utilized in multistep synthesis of complex target molecules. Herein, the recent advances (2015-present) in the ring-opening of DAC involving electron rich arenes and indoles, active methylene compounds, various dipolarophiles, organoborates/boronates, vinyl ethers etc. following Friedel-Crafts alkylation, annulation/formal cycloaddition reaction, organocatalytic reaction, Nazarov cyclisation etc. are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koena Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700 073, India.
| | - Subhomoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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13
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Fadeev AA, Chagarovskiy AO, Makarov AS, Levina II, Ivanova OA, Uchuskin MG, Trushkov IV. Synthesis of (Het)aryl 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)cyclopropyl Ketones. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235748. [PMID: 33291488 PMCID: PMC7729819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple general method for the synthesis of 1-acyl-2-(ortho-hydroxyaryl)cyclopropanes, which belong to the donor–acceptor cyclopropane family, has been developed. This method, based on the Corey–Chaykovsky cyclopropanation of 2-hydroxychalcones, allows for the preparation of a large diversity of hydroxy-substituted cyclopropanes, which can serve as promising building blocks for the synthesis of various bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Fadeev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russia;
| | - Alexey O. Chagarovskiy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.O.C.); (O.A.I.)
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anton S. Makarov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russia;
| | - Irina I. Levina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physcis Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, Moscow 117198, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.O.C.); (O.A.I.)
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maxim G. Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, Perm 614990, Russia;
- Correspondence: (M.G.U.); (I.V.T.); Tel.: +7-916-645-9951 (I.V.T.)
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.O.C.); (O.A.I.)
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.G.U.); (I.V.T.); Tel.: +7-916-645-9951 (I.V.T.)
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14
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Luo N, Liu J, Wang S, Wang C. DBU-promoted ring-opening reactions of multi-substituted donor–acceptor cyclopropanes: access to functionalized chalcones with a quaternary carbon group. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9210-9215. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A strategy to synthesize highly stereoselective chalcones with alkylcyanoacetate subunits via DBU-promoted ring-opening reactions of multi-substituted D–A cyclopropanes has been developed without the requirement of a transition metal catalyst and extra solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naili Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
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