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Li Z, Zhang M, An C, Yang H, Feng L, Cui Z, Shi M, Zheng D, Long S, Song D. A colorimetric and fluorescent probe of lignocellulose nanofiber composite modified with Rhodamine 6G derivative for reversible, selective and sensitive detection of metal ions in wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131416. [PMID: 38582486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions have extremely high toxicity. As the top of food chain, human beings certainly will accumulate them by ingesting food and participating other activities, which eventually result in the damage to our health. Therefore, it is very meaningful and necessary to design a simple, portable, stable and efficient material for heavy metal ions detection. Based on the spirolactam Rhodamine 6G (SRh6G) fluorescent probe, we prepared two types of nanocomposite materials (membrane and aerogel) by vacuum filtration and freeze-drying methods with lignocellulose nanofiber (CNF) as a carrier, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross-linkers. Then the microstructure, chemical composition, wetting property, fluorescence intensity and selectivity of as-prepared SRh6G/PVA/CNF would be characterized and analyzed. Results showed that SRh6G/PVA/CNF nanocomposites would turn red in color under strong acidic environment and produced orange fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Besides, they were also to detect Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe3+ and Ag+ through color and fluorescence variations. We had further tested its sensitivity, selectivity, adsorption, fluorescence limits of detection (LOD) to Fe3+ and Cu2+. The test towards real water samples (hospital wastewater, Songhua River and tap water) proved that SRh6G/PVA/CNF nanocomposites could detect the polluted water with low concentrations of Fe3+ and Cu2+. In addition, SRh6G/PVA/CNF nanocomposites have excellent mechanical property, repeatability, superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, which may offer a theoretical reference for the assembly strategy and detection application of cellulose-based fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Congcong An
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Haiyue Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Key laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Zexin Cui
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Meihui Shi
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Hollow Nanofiltration Membrane of Jilin Province, Jilin Jinsai Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Dingqiang Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Shoufu Long
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Dongsheng Song
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
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2
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Zhou G, Finney N, Wang Y. Desulfitative Sonogashira cross-coupling of thiopyronin for the synthesis of NIR arylacetylene-containing rhodamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3039-3042. [PMID: 38376450 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05995b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A classical, safe and efficient red-shift strategy contributing to NIR arylacetylene-containing rhodamines has been developed via the desulfitative Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of thiopyronin for the first time, exhibiting a broad substrate scope with good yields. In addition, compound 3m shows great potential for application as a singlet oxygen probe, demonstrating the practicality of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshuai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Nathaniel Finney
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tang Shan, P. R. China.
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3
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Jiang ST, Gao DJ, Yu Y, Yu Y. A portable front face fluorescent system for in situ detection of aluminum in flour foods. Food Chem 2023; 418:135986. [PMID: 36996656 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for in situ detection of aluminum in flour food was developed by using a self-made portable front face fluorescent system (PFFFS). The effects of pH, temperature, reaction time, protective agent and masking agent on the detection of Al3+ were investigated. The use of fluorescent probe protective agent, interfering ion masking agent, multi-point collection measurements and the working curves based on the analyte content in the real samples makes the present method have high accuracy, selectivity and reliability for in situ detection of Al3+ in flour foods. By comparison with the ICP-MS the accuracy and reliability of the present method were verified. The results showed that when 97 real samples were analyzed the Al3+ content values obtained by the present method and those obtained by ICP-MS method reached a highly significant correlation, with r ranging from 0.9747 to 0.9844. The self-made PFFFS combined with fluorescent probe does not require sample digestion, and can quickly detect Al3+ in flour food within 10 min. Therefore, the present method based on using FFFS has good practical application value for in-situ rapid detection of Al3+ in flour foods.
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Pan Y, Zhao P, Zhou C, Yan L, Wu X. A dual-functional fluorescent probe based on kaolin nanosheets for the detection and separation of aluminum ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122636. [PMID: 36963217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum ions (Al3+) are closely related to environmental protection and human health, thus the detection and separation of Al3+ is of great significance. In this study, a dual-functional fluorescent probe for the detection and separation of Al3+ was successfully developed by grafting fluorophore onto kaolin nanosheets. The probe has the characteristics of good dispersion without the involvement of organic solvents, excellent specificity, the low limit of detection (0.55 µM), and fast response time (10 min). And the recovery rates of Al3+ using this probe are in the range from 93.0% to 101.8%, and the corresponding relative standard deviations are in the range from 3.5% to 5.8%. Besides, it also can remove Al3+ in aqueous solution through adsorption, and the removal rates is in the range from 95.1% to 99.3% when the concentration of the probe is 0.4 mg/mL. The probe combines detection and separation functions, overcomes the defect that single-function materials can only be used for detection or separation, which has important significance and good application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, P.R. China.
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, P.R. China.
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5
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Tang H, Wang C, Zhong K, Hou S, Tang L, Bian Y. A Naked-Eye and Fluorescent Dual-Channel Probe for Rapid Detection of Hg 2+ and Its Multiple Applications. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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6
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Switch-type near-infrared fluorescent probes for Hg2+ based on rhodamines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sahu S, Sikdar Y, Bag R, Cerezo J, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Goswami S. Turn on Fluorescence Sensing of Zn2+ Based on Fused Isoindole-Imidazole Scaffold. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092859. [PMID: 35566211 PMCID: PMC9103770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical chemosensors caused a revolution in the field of sensing due to their high specificity, sensitivity, and fast detection features. Imidazole derivatives have offered promising features in the literature as they bear suitable donor/acceptor groups for the selective analytes in the skeleton. In this work, an isoindole-imidazole containing a Schiff base chemosensor (1-{3-[(2-Diethylamino-ethylimino)-methyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl}-2H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindole-3,5-dione) was designed and synthesized. The complete sensing phenomena have been investigated by means of UV-Vis, fluorescence, lifetime measurement, FT-IR, NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The optical properties of the synthesized ligand were investigated in 3:7 HEPES buffer:DMSO medium and found to be highly selective and sensitive toward Zn2+ ion through a fluorescence turn-on response with detection limit of 0.073 μm. Furthermore, this response is effective in gel form also. The competition studies reveal that the response of the probe for Zn2+ ion is unaffected by other relevant metal ions. The stoichiometric binding study was performed utilizing Job’s method which indicated a 1:1 sensor–Zn2+ ensemble. Computational calculations were performed to pinpoint the mechanism of sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India; (S.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Yeasin Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, The Bhawanipur Education Society College, 5, LalaLajpat Rai Sarani, Kolkata 700020, India;
| | - Riya Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India; (S.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José P. Cerón-Carrasco
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General del Aire, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, C/Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.P.C.-C.); (S.G.)
| | - Sanchita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India; (S.S.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.C.-C.); (S.G.)
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8
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Hazra A, Ghosh P, Roy P. A rhodamine based dual chemosensor for Al 3+ and Hg 2+: Application in the construction of advanced logic gates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120905. [PMID: 35091182 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A rhodamine-based compound (RBO), which has been constructed from the reaction between N-(rhodamine-6G)lactam-ethylenediamine and 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-carbaldehyde, is reported here as a selective chemosensor for both Al3+ and Hg2+ ions in 10 mM HEPES buffer in water:ethanol (1:9, pH = 7.4). Absorption intensity of RBO increases considerably at 528 nm with these cations. It shows fluorescence enhancement at 550 nm by 1140- and 524-fold in the presence of Al3+ and Hg2+, respectively. LOD has been determined as 6.54 and 16.0 nM for Al3+ and Hg2+, respectively. Quantum yield and lifetime of RBO enhances with these metal ions. Fluorescence intensity of Al-probe complex or Hg-probe complex is quenched in the presence of fluoride or sulfide ion, respectively, opening a path for the construction logic gates. DFT analysis has been used to understand the spectral transitions. We have constructed a systematic development from single to five inputs complex circuit, and for the first time a time dependent five input complex logic circuit is reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pritam Ghosh
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Li Y, Chen Q, Pan X, Lu W, Zhang J. Development and Challenge of Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging Applications: From Visualization to Diagnosis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:22. [PMID: 35412098 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have been used widely in bioimaging, including biological substance detection, cell imaging, in vivo biochemical reaction process tracking, and disease biomarker monitoring, and have gradually occupied an indispensable position. Compared with traditional biological imaging technologies, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the attractive advantages of fluorescent probes, such as real-time imaging, in-depth visualization, and less damage to biological samples, have made them increasingly popular. Among them, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) fluorescent probes still occupy the mainstream in the field of fluorescent probes due to the advantages of available structure, simple synthesis, strong versatility, and wide application. In recent years, fluorescent probes have become an indispensable tool for bioimaging and have greatly promoted the development of diagnostics. In this review, we focus on the structure, design strategies, advantages, representative probes and latest discoveries in application fields of UV-visible fluorescent probes developed in the past 3-5 years based on several fluorophores. We look forward to future development trends of fluorescent probes from the perspective of bioimaging and diagnostics. This comprehensive review may facilitate the development of more powerful fluorescent sensors for broad and exciting applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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10
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Hazra A, Roy P. A rhodamine based dye for sensing of Group 13 metal ions. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Heo JS, Gil D, Kim C. Highly Selective Detection of Al3+ by Carboxamide-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:825-833. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Xiu D, Shi J, Deng M, Song H, Hao Z, Feng Q, Yu H. A new fluorescent chemosensor for Al(III) detection with highly selective in aqueous solution and solid test paper. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Kan C, Wang X, Wu L, Shao X, Xing H, You M, Zhu J. A fluorescent probe for rapid detection of low concentration mercury ions and its application in biological cells. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3987-3993. [PMID: 34528936 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a toxic substance, mercury can easily cause harm to organisms and humans. The development of methods that allow rapid detection of low concentrations of mercury ions has a positive effect on the natural environment and human health. The fluorescent probe RBSH reported in this paper has a detection limit as low as 5.9 nM, and a fast response time and allows naked eye detection. We characterized its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, and explored the response mechanism of the probe using Job's plot, and 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy show the excellent optical properties of the probe RBSH. The low toxicity and high cell penetration capacity demonstrated by the cellular assay open up the possibility of biological experiments. By selecting hosts (natural water samples, soybean plants and zebrafish) where mercury ions are likely to be present in the biological chain for low concentration Hg2+ detection, the results all demonstrated the excellent performance of the probe RBSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kan
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Linyun Wu
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiaotao Shao
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Haizhu Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Dadao, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min You
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Dadao, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Dadao, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Yang S, Sun L, Song Z, Xu L. Extraction and Application of Natural Rutin From Sophora japonica to Prepare the Novel Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Copper Ions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:642138. [PMID: 33692992 PMCID: PMC7937814 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.642138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin (R), a representative flavonoid found in various biomasses, can be used to prepare different fluorescent sensors for environmental, biological and medical fields. In this work, the natural R in Sophora japonica was extracted and purified to prepare fluorescent-responding sensor systems intended to recognize copper ions with both strong selectivity as well as appropriate sensitivity. Results showed that neat R had no obvious fluorescent emission peak in PBS buffer solution. However, when R and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (CD) were introduced within buffer solution, fluorescent emission intensity was significantly increased due to the resultant R-CD inclusion complex. In addition, the formed R-CD inclusion complex was shown to behave as the aforementioned fluorescent sensor for copper ions through a mechanism of quenched fluorescent emission intensity when R-CD became bound with copper ions. The binding constant value for R-CD with copper ions was 1.33 × 106, allowing for quantification of copper ions between the concentration range of 1.0 × 10–7–4.2 × 10–6mol⋅L–1. Furthermore, the minimum detection limit was found to be 3.5 × 10–8mol⋅L–1. This work showed the prepared R-CD inclusion complex was both highly selective and strongly sensitive toward copper ions, indicating that this system could be applied into various fields where copper ions are of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Yang
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Kan C, Wang X, Shao X, Wu L, Qiu S, Zhu J. A novel fluorescent probe of aluminium ions based on rhodamine derivatives and its application in biological imaging. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01184g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new type of probe can be used for the detection of Al3+ in biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kan
- College of Science
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Science
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Xiaotao Shao
- College of Science
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Linyun Wu
- College of Science
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Siyan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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