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Imamoto T. P-Stereogenic Phosphorus Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38954764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral phosphorus ligands play a crucial role in asymmetric catalysis for the efficient synthesis of useful optically active compounds. They are largely categorized into two classes: backbone chirality ligands and P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands. Most of the reported ligands belong to the former class. Privileged ones such as BINAP and DuPhos are frequently employed in a wide range of catalytic asymmetric transformations. In contrast, the latter class of P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands has remained a small family for many years mainly because of their synthetic difficulty. The late 1990s saw the emergence of novel P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands with their superior enantioinduction ability in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation reactions. Since then, numerous P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands have been synthesized and used in catalytic asymmetric reactions. This Review summarizes P-stereogenic phosphorus ligands reported thus far, including their stereochemical and electronic properties that afford high to excellent enantioselectivities. Examples of reactions that use this class of ligands are described together with their applications in the construction of key intermediates for the synthesis of optically active natural products and therapeutic agents. The literature covered dates back to 1968 up until December 2023, centering on studies published in the late 1990s and later years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Imamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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Chen X, Li P. Organocatalytic (1+4)-Annulations of MBH Adducts with Electron-Deficient Systems. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300152. [PMID: 37294163 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benefited from the rapid development of MBH reaction, the reaction of MBH adducts have been established as the most synthetically useful transformations. However, compared with the well-established allylic alkylations and (3+2)-annulations, the (1+4)-annulations of MBH adducts have not developed rapidly until recently. As a helpful complement to the (3+2)-annulations of MBH adducts, the (1+4)-annulations of MBH adducts opens a robust access to structurally diverse five-membered carbo- and heterocycles. This paper summarizes recent advances in organocatalytic (1+4)-annulations using MBH adducts as 1 C-synthons for the construction of functionalized five-membered carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Gao N, Liu X, Yuan X, Hu B, Jiang P, Lin J, Jin Y. Oxidative [2 + 1 + 1 + 1] Annulation of Aldehydes and Methylene Nitriles: Synthesis of Diastereoselective Polysubstituted Cyclopentenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10298-10308. [PMID: 35867899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a green cascade approach to prepare a variety of diastereoselective polysubstituted cyclopentene derivatives through metal-free oxidative [2 + 1 + 1 + 1] annulation of aldehydes and methylene nitriles. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the reaction underwent a four-step cascade reaction including air oxidation and Michael addition to obtain the final product. This reaction features readily available starting materials, transition metal-free, eco-friendly operations, gram-scale syntheses, and wide functional group tolerance. The methodology may be useful for the construction of polysubstituted cyano-cyclopentene heterocycles with potential biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Bingwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Peiyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
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Abstract
Organocatalysts are abundantly used for various transformations, particularly to obtain highly enantio- and diastereomeric pure products by controlling the stereochemistry. These applications of organocatalysts have been the topic of several reviews. Organocatalysts have emerged as one of the very essential areas of research due to their mild reaction conditions, cost-effective nature, non-toxicity, and environmentally benign approach that obviates the need for transition metal catalysts and other toxic reagents. Various types of organocatalysts including amine catalysts, Brønsted acids, and Lewis bases such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, cinchona alkaloids, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and hydrogen bond-donating catalysts, have gained renewed interest because of their regioselectivity. In this review, we present recent advances in regiodivergent reactions that are governed by organocatalysts. Additionally, we briefly discuss the reaction pathways of achieving regiodivergent products by changes in conditions such as solvents, additives, or the temperature.
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