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Highly Efficient Synthesis of Cinnamamides from Methyl Cinnamates and Phenylethylamines Catalyzed by Lipozyme® TL IM under Continuous-Flow Microreactors. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While a few derivatives of cinnamamides exhibited anti-inflammatory and/ or analgesic activity, in this study, we developed a highly efficient method for the synthesis of cinnamamides from methyl cinnamates and phenylethylamines catalyzed by Lipozyme® TL IM in continuous-flow microreactors. The reaction parameters and broad substrate range of the new method was studied. Maximum conversion (91.3%) was obtained under the optimal condition of substrate molar ratio of 1:2 (methyl 4-chlorocinnamate: phenylethylamine) at 45 °C for about 40 min. The remarkable features of this work include short residence time, mild reaction conditions, easy control of the reaction process, and that the catalyst can be recycled or reused, which provide a rapid and economical strategy for the synthesis and design of cinnamamide derivatives for further research on drug activity.
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Mycobacterium smegmatis acyltransferase: The big new player in biocatalysis. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Efficient 2-Step Enzymatic Cascade for the Bioconversion of Oleuropein into Hydroxytyrosol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020260. [PMID: 35204142 PMCID: PMC8868057 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the plant bioactive components, oleuropein (OLE) is the most abundant phenolic compound in all parts of olive trees (Olea europaea L.), particularly concentrated in olive leaves. It has been shown to present various remarkable biological actions, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory ones. On the other hand, hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main degradation product of OLE, is considered one of the most powerful antioxidant agents, with higher beneficial properties than the OLE parent compound. In this work, oleuropein was efficiently transformed into hydroxytyrosol using a 2-step biotransformation involving a thermo-halophilic β-glucosidase from Alicyclobacillus herbarius (Ahe), which gave the corresponding aglycone with complete conversion (>99%) and rapid reaction times (30 min), and an acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT), here employed for the first time for its hydrolytic activity. After cascade completion, hydroxytyrosol was obtained in excellent yield (>99% m.c., 96% isolated yield) in 24 h. Starting from a natural substrate and employing enzymatic approaches, the final hydroxytyrosol can be claimed and commercialized as natural too, thus increasing its market value.
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Pinna C, Martino PA, Meroni G, Sora VM, Tamborini L, Dallavalle S, Contente ML, Pinto A. Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Vanillamides and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:223-228. [PMID: 34965127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of vanillamides were easily synthesized, exploiting an acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT). After their evaluation as antimicrobial agents against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, three compounds were demonstrated to be 9-fold more effective toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the vanillic acid precursor. Taking into consideration the scarce permeability of the Gram-negative bacteria cell envelope when compared to Gram-positive strains or yeasts, these molecules can be considered the basis for the generation of new nature-inspired antimicrobials. To increase the process productivity and avoid any problem related to the poor water solubility of the starting material, a tailored flow biocatalyzed strategy in pure toluene was set up. While a robust immobilization protocol exploiting glyoxyl-agarose was employed to increase the stability of MsAcT, in-line work-up procedures were added downstream the process to enhance the system automation and reduce the overall costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pinna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (DSBCO), One Health Unit, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Meroni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (DSBCO), One Health Unit, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Massimo Sora
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (DSBCO), One Health Unit, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina L Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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