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Bogdanova OV, Bogdanov VB, Pizano A, Bouvard M, Cazalets JR, Mellen N, Amestoy A. The Current View on the Paradox of Pain in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:910824. [PMID: 35935443 PMCID: PMC9352888 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.910824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which affects 1 in 44 children and may cause severe disabilities. Besides socio-communicational difficulties and repetitive behaviors, ASD also presents as atypical sensorimotor function and pain reactivity. While chronic pain is a frequent co-morbidity in autism, pain management in this population is often insufficient because of difficulties in pain evaluation, worsening their prognosis and perhaps driving higher mortality rates. Previous observations have tended to oversimplify the experience of pain in autism as being insensitive to painful stimuli. Various findings in the past 15 years have challenged and complicated this dogma. However, a relatively small number of studies investigates the physiological correlates of pain reactivity in ASD. We explore the possibility that atypical pain perception in people with ASD is mediated by alterations in pain perception, transmission, expression and modulation, and through interactions between these processes. These complex interactions may account for the great variability and sometimes contradictory findings from the studies. A growing body of evidence is challenging the idea of alterations in pain processing in ASD due to a single factor, and calls for an integrative view. We propose a model of the pain cycle that includes the interplay between the molecular and neurophysiological pathways of pain processing and it conscious appraisal that may interfere with pain reactivity and coping in autism. The role of social factors in pain-induced response is also discussed. Pain assessment in clinical care is mostly based on subjective rather than objective measures. This review clarifies the strong need for a consistent methodology, and describes innovative tools to cope with the heterogeneity of pain expression in ASD, enabling individualized assessment. Multiple measures, including self-reporting, informant reporting, clinician-assessed, and purely physiological metrics may provide more consistent results. An integrative view on the regulation of the pain cycle offers a more robust framework to characterize the experience of pain in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena V. Bogdanova
- CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Volodymyr B. Bogdanov
- Laboratoire EA 4136 – Handicap Activité Cognition Santé HACS, Collège Science de la Sante, Institut Universitaire des Sciences de la Réadaptation, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrien Pizano
- CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Bouvard
- CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Rene Cazalets
- CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicholas Mellen
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Anouck Amestoy
- CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Bordeaux, France
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Spedding M, Sebban C, Jay TM, Rocher C, Tesolin-Decros B, Chazot P, Schenker E, Szénási G, Lévay GI, Megyeri K, Barkóczy J, Hársing LG, Thomson I, Cunningham MO, Whittington MA, Etherington LA, Lambert JJ, Antoni FA, Gacsályi I. Phenotypical Screening on Neuronal Plasticity in Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortex Connectivity Reveals an Antipsychotic with a Novel Profile. Cells 2022; 11:1181. [PMID: 35406745 PMCID: PMC8997950 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in the hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (H-PFC) circuit is a critical determinant of schizophrenia. Screening of pyridazinone-risperidone hybrids on this circuit revealed EGIS 11150 (S 36549). EGIS 11150 induced theta rhythm in hippocampal slice preparations in the stratum lacunosum molecular area of CA1, which was resistant to atropine and prazosin. EGIS 11150 enhanced H-PFC coherence, and increased the 8−9 Hz theta band of the EEG power spectrum (from 0.002 mg/kg i.p, at >30× lower doses than clozapine, and >100× for olanzapine, risperidone, or haloperidol). EGIS 11150 fully blocked the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) or ketamine on EEG. Inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) in H-PFC was blocked by platform stress, but was fully restored by EGIS 11150 (0.01 mg/kg i.p.), whereas clozapine (0.3 mg/kg ip) only partially restored LTP. EGIS 11150 has a unique electrophysiological profile, so phenotypical screening on H-PFC connectivity can reveal novel antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spedding
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, 92284 Suresnes, France;
- Spedding Research Solutions SAS, 78110 Le Vésinet, France
| | - Claude Sebban
- Hôpital Charles Foix, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France; (C.S.); (B.T.-D.)
| | - Thérèse M. Jay
- INSERM UMR_S894, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris V Descartes, 75014 Paris, France; (T.M.J.); (C.R.)
| | - Cyril Rocher
- INSERM UMR_S894, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris V Descartes, 75014 Paris, France; (T.M.J.); (C.R.)
| | | | - Paul Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
| | - Esther Schenker
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, 92284 Suresnes, France;
| | - Gabor Szénási
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1106 Budapest, Hungary; (G.S.); (G.I.L.); (K.M.); (J.B.); (L.G.H.J.); (F.A.A.); (I.G.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György I. Lévay
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1106 Budapest, Hungary; (G.S.); (G.I.L.); (K.M.); (J.B.); (L.G.H.J.); (F.A.A.); (I.G.)
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 1103 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Megyeri
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1106 Budapest, Hungary; (G.S.); (G.I.L.); (K.M.); (J.B.); (L.G.H.J.); (F.A.A.); (I.G.)
- Hungarian Defence Forces Medical Centre, 1134 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Barkóczy
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1106 Budapest, Hungary; (G.S.); (G.I.L.); (K.M.); (J.B.); (L.G.H.J.); (F.A.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Laszlo G. Hársing
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1106 Budapest, Hungary; (G.S.); (G.I.L.); (K.M.); (J.B.); (L.G.H.J.); (F.A.A.); (I.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian Thomson
- Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (I.T.); (M.O.C.)
| | - Mark O. Cunningham
- Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (I.T.); (M.O.C.)
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miles A. Whittington
- Deceased, formerly of Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Lori-An Etherington
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (L.-A.E.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Jeremy J. Lambert
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (L.-A.E.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Ferenc A. Antoni
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1106 Budapest, Hungary; (G.S.); (G.I.L.); (K.M.); (J.B.); (L.G.H.J.); (F.A.A.); (I.G.)
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Istvan Gacsályi
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1106 Budapest, Hungary; (G.S.); (G.I.L.); (K.M.); (J.B.); (L.G.H.J.); (F.A.A.); (I.G.)
- ATRC Aurigon Toxicological Research Center Ltd., 2120 Dunakeszi, Hungary
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