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Czétány P, Balló A, Márk L, Török A, Szántó Á, Máté G. An Alternative Application of Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting: CD45 and CD235a Based Purification of Semen and Testicular Tissue Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3627. [PMID: 38612438 PMCID: PMC11011735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) is a well-known sperm selection technique, which is able to remove apoptotic spermatozoa from semen samples using the classic annexinV based method. Leukocytes and erythrocytes in semen samples or in testicular tissue processed for in vitro fertilization (IVF) could exert detrimental effects on sperm. In the current study, we rethought the aforementioned technique and used magnetic microbeads conjugated with anti-CD45/CD235a antibodies to eliminate contaminating leukocytes and erythrocytes from leukocytospermic semen samples and testicular tissue samples gained via testicular sperm extraction (TESE). With this technique, a 15.7- and a 30.8-fold reduction could be achieved in the ratio of leukocytes in semen and in the number of erythrocytes in TESE samples, respectively. Our results show that MACS is a method worth to reconsider, with more potential alternative applications. Investigations to find molecules labeling high-quality sperm population and the development of positive selection procedures based on these might be a direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Czétány
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - András Balló
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary;
| | - László Márk
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Török
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary;
| | - Árpád Szántó
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Máté
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary;
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Short SE, Zamorano M, Aranzaez-Ríos C, Lee-Estevez M, Díaz R, Quiñones J, Ulloa-Rodríguez P, Villalobos EF, Bravo LA, Graether SP, Farías JG. Novel Apoplastic Antifreeze Proteins of Deschampsia antarctica as Enhancer of Common Cell Freezing Media for Cryobanking of Genetic Resources, a Preliminary Study. Biomolecules 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38397411 PMCID: PMC10886522 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are natural biomolecules found in cold-adapted organisms that lower the freezing point of water, allowing survival in icy conditions. These proteins have the potential to improve cryopreservation techniques by enhancing the quality of genetic material postthaw. Deschampsia antarctica, a freezing-tolerant plant, possesses AFPs and is a promising candidate for cryopreservation applications. In this study, we investigated the cryoprotective properties of AFPs from D. antarctica extracts on Atlantic salmon spermatozoa. Apoplastic extracts were used to determine ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), thermal hysteresis (TH) activities and ice crystal morphology. Spermatozoa were cryopreserved using a standard cryoprotectant medium (C+) and three alternative media supplemented with apoplastic extracts. Flow cytometry was employed to measure plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) postthaw. Results showed that a low concentration of AFPs (0.05 mg/mL) provided significant IRI activity. Apoplastic extracts from D. antarctica demonstrated a cryoprotective effect on salmon spermatozoa, with PMI comparable to the standard medium. Moreover, samples treated with apoplastic extracts exhibited a higher percentage of cells with high MMP. These findings represent the first and preliminary report that suggests that AFPs derived from apoplastic extracts of D. antarctica have the potential to serve as cryoprotectants and could allow the development of novel freezing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania E. Short
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Cristian Aranzaez-Ríos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Manuel Lee-Estevez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Alemania 1090, Temuco 4810101, Chile;
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (R.D.); (J.Q.)
| | - John Quiñones
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (R.D.); (J.Q.)
| | - Patricio Ulloa-Rodríguez
- Department of Agronomical Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. Carmen 684, Curicó 3341695, Chile;
| | - Elías Figueroa Villalobos
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 056, Temuco 4813302, Chile;
| | - León A. Bravo
- Department of Agronomical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Steffen P. Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Jorge G. Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
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Monaco D, Rota A, Carbonari A, Lillo E, Lacalandra GM, Rizzo A. Collection of epididymal semen in the tomcat (Felix catus) by stereomicroscope-aided retrograde flushing (SARF) improves sample quality. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 261:107388. [PMID: 38113674 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In small and laboratory animals epididymal spermatozoa can be collected only by the mincing technique however, blood and cell debris contamination may adversely affect the quality of the samples. This study aimed at performing the retrograde flushing technique, for the first time, in the tomcat. In the first experiment attempts to insert a blunted needle into tomcats' ductus deferentes were made and the cannulation time and the success rate were recorded. In the second experiment, insertion of the needle into the ductus was carried out under a stereomicroscope for one testis, while the other was submitted to mincing for sperm recovery and the samples obtained from paired testes were compared. In the first study, only twenty-eight percent of the cannulation attempts were successful whereas in the second experiment, 91% of the deferentes were successfully cannulated: 80% of the ducts were cannulated in less than three minutes. The stereomicroscope-aided retrograde flushing samples showed significantly higher sperm viability, motility and velocities, as compared to those resulted from mincing. The domestic cat serves as a model for more than 36 species of wild felids; the developed stereomicroscope-aided retrograde flushing technique has the potential to become the gold standard method for harvesting spermatozoa of endangered species that have a small ductus deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Monaco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa; via livornese lato monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Alice Carbonari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Edoardo Lillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Michele Lacalandra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Annalisa Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
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Bezerra LGP, Silva AM, Dantas MRT, dos Santos RP, Moreira SSJ, Pereira AG, de Oliveira MF, Comizzoli P, Silva AR. Development of assays for the characterization of sperm motility parameters, viability, and membrane integrity in the epididymis and vas deferens of the greater rhea ( Rhea americana). Anim Reprod 2024; 20:e20230113. [PMID: 38213765 PMCID: PMC10782801 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to (1) describe the kinematic parameters of spermatozoa (2) compare methods of evaluating sperm viability (3) validate assays of functionality and integrity of the sperm membrane and (4) evaluate possible changes between spermatozoa from the epididymis and the vas deferens of the greater rhea. Semen samples were recovered from 7 adult individuals. Sperm motility was characterized by adjusting the set-up for Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) to that new species. For sperm viability evaluation, smears of bromophenol blue and eosin-nigrosine dyes were used. Five solutions of different osmolarities were then tested for the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST). The combination of fluorescent probes (propidium iodide - IP and Hoechst 33342) was also used to assess plasma membrane integrity. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Rhea spermatozoa from the vas deferens had an overall motility of 14.6 ± 2.5%. The bromophenol blue staining technique revealed that 64.6 ± 5.2% sperm were viable, while that proportion was 72.1 ± 2.5% using eosin-nigrosine. An average of 77.6 ± 4.8% of spermatozoa reacted to the HOST with distilled water at 0 mOsm/l. Fluorescent probes indicated that 65.3 ± 2.6% of spermatozoa had intact membranes. Interestingly, no statistical differences were observed between the parameters analyzed in the epididymal spermatozoa and the vas deferens. These new assays set reference values that can now be used to further exploration of sperm handling conditions and freezing protocols in rheas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Grasiele Pereira Bezerra
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Andréia Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Maiko Roberto Tavares Dantas
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Romário Parente dos Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Samara Sandy Jeronimo Moreira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Ana Glória Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Moacir Franco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, USA
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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Ali Hassan H, Banchi P, Domain G, El Khoury R, Chaaya R, Wydooghe E, Smits K, Van Soom A. A comparative study of canine epididymal sperm collection techniques and cryopreservation. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1181054. [PMID: 37954662 PMCID: PMC10634665 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1181054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An optimized collection method and freezing protocol for preservation of epididymal spermatozoa remains a topic of interest to many scientists. The current study focused on the collection and preservation of canine epididymal spermatozoa. During the process of collection of canine epididymal spermatozoa, blood content can occur, which may affect sperm cryopreservation in a negative way. Here, we compared first two epididymal sperm collection techniques [epididymal mincing (EM) and single incision epididymal sperm aspiration (SESA)]; and next we tried to solve the issue of blood content using an erythrocyte lysis buffer (ELB). Methods Hence spermatozoa were collected after weighing the epididymides, either by EM or SESA, and sperm quality assessed prior to and post freezing (concentration, total sperm output (TSO), motility, viability and morphology). Next, new sperm samples were collected from eight epididymides by EM and subjected either to a standard freezing protocol or to an ELB treatment freezing protocol. Post-thaw sperm parameters (concentration, TSO, motility, viability and morphology), including intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were assessed. The correlation between the weight of the epididymis and the TSO was evaluated based on the collection technique, and differences in sperm parameters were detected both within different collection techniques and between different pre-freezing treatment protocols. Results There was a very strong correlation between the weight of the epididymis and the TSO for the EM technique (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.6), along with an increased sperm motility with EM compared to SESA (median 80%, inter-quartile range (IQR) 88-65 and median 67.5%, IQR 72.5-52.5, respectively; (p = 0.002). Post-thaw samples subjected to ELB treatment freezing protocol had lower motility and higher intracellular ROS compared to the standard freezing protocol (motility: median 56.25%, IQR 60-48.75 and median 70%, IQR 72.5-63, respectively; p = 0.01; ROS: median 78.5%, IQR 81.25-75.5 and median 70%, IQR 70.5-68.75, respectively; (p = 0.04). Discussion The results indicated that EM is a better technique to harvest epididymal spermatozoa despite the presence of some blood content. Furthermore, the ELB treatment should not be implemented to remove those red blood cells prior to cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ali Hassan
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Penelope Banchi
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Guillaume Domain
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rosemary El Khoury
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - Rana Chaaya
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - Eline Wydooghe
- Centre of Expertise for Agro- & Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, VIVES University College, Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Monaco D, Lacalandra GM, Ansar Z, Trerotoli P, Mulligan BP, Osman TK. The Effect of Cushioned Centrifugation, with and without Enzymatic Reduction of Viscosity, on the Motility Pattern and Kinematic Parameters of Dromedary Camel Bull Spermatozoa. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2685. [PMID: 37684949 PMCID: PMC10487258 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to contribute to the development of semen processing procedures in camelids, the aims of the present study were to evaluate (i) the effect of 35% seminal plasma incubation on dromedary camel epididymal sperm motility and kinematic parameters, (ii) the effects of centrifugation, with cushion fluid and enzymatic reduction of viscosity (Papain + E64) during ejaculate processing, on the motility and kinematic parameters of dromedary camel ejaculates. The incubation with seminal plasma significantly reduced the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa as well as the proportion of medium progressive spermatozoa whilst increasing the percentage of non-progressive spermatozoa. The centrifugation procedure improved the sperms' kinematic parameters, and the highest values were observed for samples centrifugated with cushion fluid. The samples treated with Papain + E64 showed a significant increase in both total and medium progressive spermatozoa, along with a reduction of non-progressive spermatozoa (p < 0.05). The results of this investigation show that a simple, cheap, and effective procedure, such as cushioned centrifugation, could improve the motility patterns of dromedary camel spermatozoa; in combination with enzymatic reduction of viscosity, this method leads to the best results in terms of recovery rates and sperms' kinematic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Monaco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | | | - Zeeshan Ansar
- Department of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, Salam Veterinary Group, Buraydah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Taher Kamal Osman
- Department of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, Salam Veterinary Group, Buraydah 51911, Saudi Arabia
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Flores RB, Angrimani DDSR, Brito MM, de Almeida LL, Lopes JVM, Losano JDDA, Vannucchi CI. Frozen-Thawed Sperm Analysis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Dogs Treated With Finasteride. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:901943. [PMID: 35847633 PMCID: PMC9280022 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.901943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathological condition that directly interferes with the reproductive potential of senile dogs, by leading to prostate enlargement and sperm injury, which in turn may compromise sperm freezeability. Moreover, albeit finasteride treatment reduces prostatic volume and blood supply and maintains seminal quality and testicular integrity, the effects of sperm samples submitted to cryopreservation after the finasteride treatment are still unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate frozen-thawed semen of BPH dogs, as well as dogs subjected to BPH pharmacological treatment with finasteride. For such purpose, 20 dogs were previously selected and assigned to three experimental groups, according to BPH diagnosis and treatment with finasteride: Control (n = 9), BPH Group (n = 5) and BPH-Finasteride Group (n = 6). Semen was subjected to one-step cryopreservation protocol with tris-fructose-citric acid extender with 5% glycerol and thawed at 37°C for 30 sec. Fresh and post-thaw sperm samples were evaluated for macroscopic parameters, sperm concentration, sperm motility kinetics, sperm mitochondrial activity and potential, oxidative stress, plasmatic and acrosome membrane integrity, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm binding test on perivitelic membrane of chicken egg yolk. Regarding fresh semen, BPH-Finasteride group had the lowest ejaculate visual aspect (opacity), higher frequency of sperm flagellar beating (BCF) and percentage of sperm with medium velocity. Control group had the highest percentage of sperm DNA integrity compared to BPH group. For the frozen-thawed semen, Control group presented the highest percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial activity. However, the BPH-Finasteride group showed higher number of sperm bound to the perivitelline membrane of chicken egg yolk compared to the BPH Group. Conversely, BPH group had higher percentage of DNA damage. In conclusion, the ejaculate of BPH dogs has higher susceptibility to cryoinjury, whereas finasteride-treated dogs have increased spermatozoa functional performance, suggesting a promising use of BPH dogs as semen donors in sperm cryopreservation programs.
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Canine and Feline Epididymal Semen-A Plentiful Source of Gametes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102961. [PMID: 34679980 PMCID: PMC8532807 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The epididymis is a source of fertile spermatozoa. For some males, preserving spermatozoa that are stored in the epididymis might be an ultimate attempt for gamete preservation. The quality of epididymal semen is different from ejaculated semen in various animal species. Although assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been introduced in cats as a tool to preserve valuable genetics of endangered wild felids, epididymal semen cryopreservation is still suboptimal in dogs. Therefore, in this paper, we carried out a review to list the morphological changes of spermatozoa during epididymal transit alongside with the potential that holds in the epididymal semen in dogs and cats. We believe that better comprehension of epididymal semen collection method, quality and freezability may aid in optimizing cryopreservation and enhance different applications of ART. Abstract Canine and feline epididymal semen provide an additional source of gametes to preserve the genetics of valuable breeding dogs and tomcats, especially for those that fail to ejaculate, need castration as a therapy or die unexpectedly. Moreover, since it is quite common to perform castration of non-breeding dogs and cats, the development of a gene bank of epididymal semen collected after castration would greatly contribute to increase the genetic diversity in dogs and cats. Collection and cryopreservation of epididymal semen necessitates a full understanding of the function of the epididymis and of the characteristics of epididymal spermatozoa as opposed to ejaculated semen. During collection of epididymal semen, specific factors may have a negative effect on epididymal semen quality and freezability. Accordingly, the elimination of these triggers could enhance epididymal semen freezability and consequently positively influence post-thaw semen quality and outcome for different ARTs.
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Drury RH, King B, Herzog B, Hellstrom WJG. Hematospermia Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Sexual Ramifications: A Narrative Review. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:669-680. [PMID: 37051970 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematospermia (HS) is the presence of blood in ejaculatory fluid. It is a rare condition that is historically idiopathic or associated with sexual behavior. Technological advances have identified many of the etiologies behind HS, improving treatment. Though often benign, HS remains a source of considerable sexual anxiety for patients. Few papers have outlined a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to HS, and none have explicitly addressed its sexual consequences. OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive overview of HS, emphasizing its sexual ramifications. METHODS A PubMed literature search was performed through May 2021 to identify all relevant publications related to etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and sexual effects of HS. Original research and reviews were analyzed, and pertinent studies were included in this review. RESULTS Iatrogenic interventions (eg, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies) are the most common cause of HS. Infection and/or nonspecific inflammation is the most common non-iatrogenic etiology. Malignancies, including prostate, testicular, and other genitourinary cancers, are rarely the cause of HS. Diagnostic approaches to HS can be organized according to patient age (less than or greater than 40 years old), persistence of bleeding, and the presence/absence of concerning symptoms. Though HS often spontaneously resolves, treatment may require various medications (eg, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories) or surgical interventions. HS has several sexual ramifications, including libido-affecting anxiety, social repercussions from sexual partners and non-sexual affiliates, increased risk of erectile dysfunction or transmission of sexual infections, and compromised fertility, especially when cryopreservation is utilized. CONCLUSION HS may significantly affect sexual health through several mechanisms, though there is a paucity of formal data on this subject. Further research is needed to fully understand the severity and extent of HS's effect on sexual well-being, especially in those with refractory bleeding. Drury RH, King B, Herzog B, et al. Hematospermia Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Sexual Ramifications: A Narrative Review. Sex Med Rev. 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Drury
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brendan King
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bryan Herzog
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne J G Hellstrom
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Marques LS, Guerrero Gracia LF, Pérez Atehortúa M, Rodrigues RB, Dos Santos Teixeira N, Oberst ER, Streit DP. Urine, feces, and blood contamination of frozen and fresh tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) sperm. Cryobiology 2021; 102:121-126. [PMID: 34245723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of fish milt during collection can have an important effect on the quality of fresh and frozen samples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biological contaminants (urine, feces, and blood) on the sperm of Colossoma macropomum. After hormonal induction, contaminated and contaminant-free milt samples from thirteen males (6.48 ± 2.82 kg) were collected and frozen. The sperm motility was evaluated in fresh and frozen-thawed sperm. Membrane and DNA integrity and mitochondrial functionality were evaluated only in frozen samples. The results revealed lower motility for contaminated sperm in both fresh and frozen-thawed samples [urine (76.15 ± 19.38% and 8.08 ± 6.63%), feces (78.85 ± 26.07% and 1.67 ± 3.26%), and blood (79.62 ± 20.96% and 2.69 ± 4.39%), respectively] than for contaminant-free sperm (95.77 ± 6.07% and 40.00 ± 12.25%, respectively). Motility was different between contaminant-free (118.50 ± 52.08 s) and feces-contaminated (77.00 ± 42.54 s) fresh samples. However, in frozen samples, there was no difference in motility among the groups. The membrane integrity was lower in the contaminated (urine: 72.38 ± 15.55%, blood: 77.00 ± 11.50%, and feces: 68.00 ± 13.64%) than in the contaminant-free (91.46 ± 5.12%) sperm. DNA integrity and mitochondrial functionality were greater in the contaminant-free (82.85 ± 12.19% and 87.15 ± 9.01%, respectively) than in the feces-contaminated (93.38 ± 5.49% and 94.92 ± 6.73%, respectively) samples. C. macropomum sperm contaminated with urine, blood, or feces should not be used for cryopreservation, as these contaminants have detrimental effects on sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis Santos Marques
- Animal Science Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luis Fernando Guerrero Gracia
- Animal Science Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Maritza Pérez Atehortúa
- Animal Science Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Batista Rodrigues
- Animal Science Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Dos Santos Teixeira
- Animal Science Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Eneder Rosana Oberst
- Department of Animal Pathology Faculty of Veterinary UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Pedro Streit
- Animal Science Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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11
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Khodamoradi K, Kuchakulla M, Narasimman M, Khosravizadeh Z, Ali A, Brackett N, Ibrahim E, Ramasamy R. Laboratory and clinical management of leukocytospermia and hematospermia: a review. Ther Adv Reprod Health 2020; 14:2633494120922511. [PMID: 32577619 PMCID: PMC7290265 DOI: 10.1177/2633494120922511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytospermia and hematospermia are defined as the presence of abnormally high white blood cell and red blood cell concentration in the semen, respectively. Numerous etiologies and various implications on fertility have been identified. In a small proportion of men, the presence of white blood cells or red blood cells can adversely affect sperm quality by the production of reactive oxygen species. Several methods have been used to assess the presence of white blood cells and red blood cells in samples, such as identification of round cells, immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies, the Endtz test, the peroxidase test, and flow cytometry or microscopy. In addition, techniques have been identified to separate sperm samples from white blood cells and red blood cells for cryopreservation to improve outcomes in assisted reproductive technology. In this review, laboratory and clinical management of leukocytospermia and hematospermia are discussed. Currently available diagnostic methods and treatment options are outlined, and available optimal cryopreservation techniques for samples with white blood cells or red blood cells are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Khodamoradi
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manish Kuchakulla
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manish Narasimman
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aleena Ali
- Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Nancy Brackett
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emad Ibrahim
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1563, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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12
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Werhahn Beining F, Urhausen C, Wolf K, Schmicke M, Rohn K, Schuler G, Günzel-Apel AR. Rhodesian Ridgebacks have an increased risk to develop benign prostatic hyperplasia. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:283-292. [PMID: 31885111 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-dependent primarily non-inflammatory enlargement of the accessory gland in the intact dog. The aim of the present study was to control a previously raised suspicion of a breed-related higher incidence of BPH in dogs of the Rhodesian Ridgeback breed. For this, 18 Labrador Retrievers/LR and 20 Rhodesian Ridgebacks/RR were assigned to the age groups 18-24 months (n = 12), 25-48 months (n = 13) and 49-72 months (n = 13). Prostate gland status was determined by rectal palpation, B-mode ultrasound, calculation of the prostate gland volume and semen analysis regarding haemospermia and was classified according to blood plasma concentrations of canine prostate-specific arginine esterase (CPSE) (normal ≤ 60 ng/ml, increased ≥ 61 ng/ml; Pinheiro et al., 2017). Concentrations of testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol were analysed in peripheral blood serum or plasma for detecting breed-specific conditions regarding the endocrine metabolism. Prostatic volume was significantly larger in RR irrespective of the CPSE status. In RR, BPH occurred more frequently and started at an earlier age compared with the LR. Breed-related specificities in steroid metabolism in the RR were indicated by correlations of 5α-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol with age and of testosterone with prostate gland volume. Although the incidence of sonographic signs of BPH and haemospermia did not fit with normal and increased CPSE concentrations, a breed-specific higher incidence of BPH in the RR breed could be clearly verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Werhahn Beining
- Unit of Reproductive Medicine - Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carola Urhausen
- Unit of Reproductive Medicine - Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karola Wolf
- Unit of Reproductive Medicine - Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Schmicke
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne-Rose Günzel-Apel
- Unit of Reproductive Medicine - Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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13
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A two-step dilution tris-egg yolk extender containing Equex STM significantly improves sperm cryopreservation in the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Cryobiology 2018; 80:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Pezo F, Cheuquemán C, Salinas P, Risopatrón J. Freezing dog semen using −80 °C ultra-freezer: Sperm function and in vivo fertility. Theriogenology 2017; 99:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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16
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Aquino-Cortez A, Pinheiro BQ, Silva HVR, Lima DBC, Silva TFP, Souza MB, Viana DA, Xavier Júnior FAF, Evangelista JSAM, Brandão FZ, Silva LDM. Serum testosterone, sperm quality, cytological, physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of the prostatic fraction of dogs with prostatomegaly. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:998-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Aquino-Cortez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - BQ Pinheiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - HVR Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - DBC Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - TFP Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - MB Souza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - DA Viana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - FAF Xavier Júnior
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - JSAM Evangelista
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - FZ Brandão
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói Brazil
| | - LDM Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
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17
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Hori T, Atago T, Kobayashi M, Kawakami E. Influence of different methods of collection from the canine epididymides on post-thaw caudal epididymal sperm quality. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:625-30. [PMID: 25649723 PMCID: PMC4478747 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine epididymal sperm was collected from the cauda epididymis using 2
different methods (flushing and mincing) to compare the qualities (the percentage of
progressively motile, viable, morphologically abnormal, immature and intact acrosomes)
before and after freezing and thawing. No significant difference was noted in the quality
of the cauda epididymal sperm immediately after collection and after freezing-thawing
between the collection methods, although the mean levels of sperm quality with the
flushing method were slightly better than that of the mincing method. The flushing method
is simple and free of blood contamination, although the vas deferens was too small to be
perfused in only 1 dog, and our results suggest that the flushing method is preferable to
the mincing method for collecting sperm from the canine cauda epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hori
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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18
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Effect of dilution rate on feline urethral sperm motility, viability, and DNA integrity. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Bezerra JAB, da Silva AM, Peixoto GCX, da Silva MDA, Franco de Oliveira M, Silva AR. Influence of recovery method and centrifugation on epididymal sperm from collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758). Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:338-42. [PMID: 24832907 DOI: 10.2108/zs130149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to establish protocols for gamete recovery from accidentally killed wild animals, or to take advantage of those slaughtered by captive breeders, we assess the influence of two methods on the recovery of epididymal sperm from collared peccaries, and verify the effect of centrifugation on such gametes. Genitalia from nine animals were used. For each animal, one epididymis was processed by flotation and the other was processed by retrograde flushing, both using a buffered media based on Tris. Following recovery, sperm were evaluated for motility, vigor, viability, functional membrane integrity, and morphology. A 1-mL aliquot of each sample was centrifuged, the supernatant removed, and the pellet suspended and evaluated as fresh samples. The sperm characteristics did not differ between the samples collected by flotation or retrograde flushing (P < 0.05). Centrifugation promoted an increase in head and tail defects, thus reducing the percentage of viable sperm (P < 0.05). No other parameter assessed for both methods was affected by centrifugation. In conclusion, epididymal sperm from collared peccaries can be efficiently collected through flotation or retrograde flushing, but not when either is followed by centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Artur Brilhante Bezerra
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation - LCGA, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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20
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Kim HJ, Lee KB, Lee JH, Park KS, Oh HJ, Jang G, Fibrianto YH, Lee BC, Kim MK. WITHDRAWN: Effects of various glycerol concentrations and thawing temperatures on CASA parameters and acrosomal integrity of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2013:S0011-2240(13)00385-4. [PMID: 24080491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Haemaru Small Animal Referral Hospital, Seohyun-Dong, Bundang-gu, Sung-Nam, Kyung Gi-Do 463-050, Republic of Korea
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21
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Goericke-Pesch S, Klaus D, Failing K, Wehrend A. Longevity of chilled canine semen comparing different extenders. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 135:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Efficacy of four density gradient separation media to remove erythrocytes and nonviable sperm from canine semen. Theriogenology 2012; 77:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Single-layer centrifugation through colloid selects improved quality of epididymal cat sperm. Theriogenology 2010; 73:1284-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Influence of recovery method and microbial contamination on the response to freezing–thawing in ibex (Capra pyrenaica) epididymal spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2009; 59:357-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Filliers M, Rijsselaere T, Bossaert P, De Causmaecker V, Dewulf J, Pope C, Van Soom A. Computer-assisted sperm analysis of fresh epididymal cat spermatozoa and the impact of cool storage (4°C) on sperm quality. Theriogenology 2008; 70:1550-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Santiago-Moreno J, Toledano-Díaz A, Dorado J, Pulido-Pastor A, Coloma MA, López-Sebastián A. Recovery and cryopreservation of Spanish ibex epididymal spermatozoa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 53:309-16. [PMID: 18357960 DOI: 10.1080/01485010701730674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A Tris-citric acid-glucose (TCG) diluent containing low concentrations (6%) of egg yolk, and a TCG extender containing lactose (without egg yolk), were compared for use in the cryopreservation of Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) epididymal spermatozoa. To optimize the collection of epididymal spermatozoa, two spermatozoa recovery methods were tested: i) by using small cuts in the cauda epididymides and ii) by the application of air pressure (from a syringe) inside the vas deferens. The percentage of viable spermatozoa recovered was lower (P < 0.05) with the air pressure method. No significant differences were seen in the efficacy of the two diluents as determined by percentage viability of thawed sperm, membrane integrity (as determined by the hypo-osmotic swelling test), or acrosome integrity. The use of the TCG-lactose medium strongly reduced sperm motility (P < 0.001). The sperm samples that had been diluted with TCG-6% egg yolk extender showed a greater incidence (P < 0.05) of morphological abnormalities. TCG-lactose alone, does not well preserve motility when cryopreserving Spanish ibex epididymal spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Santiago-Moreno
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, SGIT-INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro km 5.9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Pure dog breeding is experiencing growing interest. Assisted reproductive technologies are each time demanded more by the small animal practitioner. In this paper different semen technologies are briefly reviewed under the perspective of the authors. In addition, new trends in the evaluation of canine ejaculates, developed in the laboratory of the authors are discussed. The existence of sperm subpopulations defined based both on kinematics and morphometric characteristics of the spermatozoa is now widely accepted by the scientific community. In the laboratory of the authors new, simpler and more straightforward statistical tools have been used to disclose the sperm subpopulation structure in the canine ejaculate. The study of the sperm subpopulation structure and its changes after cryopreservation has allowed us to gain an insight into the differences in freezeability among dogs, and also predict to a great extent the outcome of a cryopreservation procedure of a given semen sample. New techniques to evaluate early membrane changes have also been recently developed in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Peña
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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28
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Martinez-Pastor F, Garcia-Macias V, Alvarez M, Chamorro C, Herraez P, de Paz P, Anel L. Comparison of two methods for obtaining spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis of Iberian red deer. Theriogenology 2006; 65:471-85. [PMID: 15996726 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Revised: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have compared two methods for salvaging epididymal sperm from post-mortem samples from Iberian red deer. Of each pair of testicles (29 samples), one cauda epididymis was processed by means of cuts (sperm was immediately diluted with extender) and the other was detached from the corpus and flushed from the vas deferens with 1 mL of extender. Sperm was processed for cryopreservation, and analyzed just after recovery, pre-freezing and post-thawing. Total spermatozoa recovered, contamination (concentration of epididymal cells and red blood cells (RBCs)) and quality (motility by CASA, and acrosomal status, viability and mitochondrial status by flow cytometry) were used to compare both methods. The number of recovered spermatozoa was similar for both methods. Contamination was higher for the cuts method, but when considering the final dilution before freezing, only RBCs concentration was significantly higher. Motility was similar just after extraction, but higher for both pre-frozen and post-thawed flushed sperm. Pre-freezing acrosomal status (P < 0.05) and viability (P < 0.1) were better for flushing; however post-thawing results were similar for the two methods. A clustering analysis using CASA data showed that the subpopulation pattern of motile sperm was different depending on the method, being better for flushing. With regard to yield, lower contamination (especially RBCs) and, in general, better quality results, flushing seems to be a more recommendable method for post-mortem sperm recovery. The cuts method may be more practical on certain occasions, but care must be taken in order to achieve rapid extension of the sample and to avoid contamination in order to improve sample condition.
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