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Kanwichai S, Saipinta D, Panasophonkul S, Suriyasathaporn W. Factors at Insemination and Subsequent Conception of Cattle under Heat-Stress Tie-Stall Environments. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1763. [PMID: 38929382 PMCID: PMC11201144 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to compare the conception rates among AI at 12, 24, and 36 h after estrus in cattle living in tie-stall barns in a tropical environment. The second study was to determine factors at insemination at 24 h after estrus, including secondary signs of estrus behavior, reproductive tract characteristics, and heat-stress factors, in relation to conception. The study was conducted on 22 tie-stall dairy farms in Chiang Mai, Thailand. After secondary signs of estrus were observed, all farmers were informed for data collection at the insemination time. Repeated logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with conception. The results revealed that cattle inseminated 24 h after estrus detection had the highest conception rate (67.5%). The study also found that cattle with three or two secondary estrus signs before insemination had a higher risk of conception than those with only one sign. Interestingly, there was an increased risk of conception when sticky or no cervical mucus was observed during insemination (OR = 6.85 and OR = 5.96, respectively). Moreover, increases in body temperature and ambient relative humidity were related to a decrease in the chances of conception. This study recommends delaying insemination to 24 h after the initiation of secondary estrus signs. Multiple signs of estrus, sticky cervical mucus, and lower body temperature increased conception risk in dairy cattle living in tie-stall barns in a heat-stress environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Kanwichai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Duanghathai Saipinta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Sasithorn Panasophonkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Overseas Division Cambodia Office, Asian Satellite Campus Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 484-8601, Japan;
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Denis-Robichaud J, Oliveira AP, Sica A, Soriano S, Araújo RL, Pereira MHC, Pohler KG, Cerri RLA, Vasconcelos JLM. Is prolonged luteal phase a problem in lactating Holstein cows? J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00825-7. [PMID: 38788835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the main objective was to assess if long luteal phases could have other causes than pregnancy losses. We enrolled Holstein dairy cows ≥50 d in milk (DIM) from a commercial herd in Brazil from October 2016 to August 2017. All cows received an estradiol-based synchronization protocol, and, on the day of insemination (d 0), were randomly assigned either an artificial insemination (AI) or a placebo insemination (PBO) in a 3:1 ratio. An ultrasound was used to assess the presence of a CL on d17, 24, and 31, which, combined to the information from patches for the detection of estrus, was used to determine the length of the luteal phase following AI or PBO. Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasound on d 31 and cows that were pregnant were excluded from the analyses. The length of the estrous cycles was categorized as short (<17 d), normal (17-23 d), long (24-30 d), and very long (≥31 d). We compared the proportion of cows in each category between the AI and PBO groups using a cumulative ordinal mixed model. We define prolonged luteal phase as estrous cycles ≥24 d and tested its association with potential risk factors (parity, season, DIM, uterine size and position score, milk production, body condition score, and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) at enrollment to the synchronization protocol) using mixed logistic regression models. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% credible intervals (BCI). Data from 876 inseminations (AI: n = 616, PBO: n = 260) was collected. Overall, 12% of estrous cycles were short, 31% were normal, 19% were long, and 38% were very long. There was no difference in the odds of being in longer estrous cycle categories for the AI compared with the PBO group (OR = 0.92, 95% BCI = 0.76-1.10). Season and presence of a CL at enrollment were associated with prolonged luteal phase. In the AI group, there was a possible effect of early pregnancy losses on the lifespan of the CL, but not the PBO group, which led us to conclude that long and very long estrous cycles were not all caused by the embryonic loss. In fact, the high prevalence of cows with an extended CL lifespan in the present study suggests this could be an under- or miss-reported characteristic of high-producing lactating Holstein cows. This finding may have important repercussions in the understanding of the CL function physiology of lactating Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Denis-Robichaud
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - A P Oliveira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, 18168-000
| | - A Sica
- Colorado Farm, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil, 13600-970
| | - S Soriano
- Colorado Farm, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil, 13600-970
| | - R L Araújo
- Colorado Farm, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil, 13600-970
| | - M H C Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, 18168-000
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, US, 77843
| | - R L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, 18168-000.
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Minela T, Gibb P, McBeth S, Santos A, Pursley JR. Reduced period from follicular wave emergence to luteolysis generated greater steroidogenic follicles and estrus intensity in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22818. [PMID: 38129551 PMCID: PMC10739795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of productive life in dairy cattle, concomitant to parturition, is accompanied by a substantial decrease in fertility in comparison with non-lactating, nulliparous heifers. Follicular growth patterns differ between parous and nulliparous dairy cattle. Nulliparous heifers ovulate follicles with reduced antral age (RAA). This study aimed to exogenously reduce ovulatory follicle age in lactating dairy cows from 7 to 5 days old. Cows (n = 80) had their estrous cycles synchronized with the Double-Ovsynch program. At the final portion of this program, luteolysis was induced at either 5 (RAA) or 7 (Control) days following follicular wave emergence. RAA outcomes were estimated in comparison with Controls. RAA resulted in smaller follicles 2 days post-treatment. Despite lower serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol before treatment compared with Controls, the rate of increase in this hormone was greater for the RAA treatment. There was no difference in luteolysis rates between treatments. Proestrus (luteolysis onset to estrus onset) was prolonged in RAA cows. Cows with RAA had more intense estruses. Collectively, these results indicate that decreasing the age of the ovulatory follicle may improve the steroidogenic capacity of the dominant follicle and estrus expression intensity in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Minela
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - P Gibb
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S McBeth
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J R Pursley
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Marques JCS, Maciel JPO, Denis-Robichaud J, Conceicao RS, Bega AM, Moore S, Sirard MA, Baes CF, Cerri RLA. The effect of progesterone concentrations during superovulation of Holstein heifers in a randomized trial. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9677-9690. [PMID: 37641352 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different progesterone (P4) concentrations during the follicular growth on the intensity of estrous expression, ovarian response to the superovulatory treatment, and embryo production and quality in superovulated heifers. A total of 63 Holstein heifers were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups: Low P4 (n = 31) and High P4 (n = 32). Animals received a pre-synchronization protocol followed by a protocol of superovulation that included the allocated P4 treatment. Activity was monitored continuously by an automated activity monitor, and estrus characteristics (maximum intensity and duration) were recorded. Embryo collection was performed 7 d post artificial insemination (AI). Embryos were counted and graded from good or excellent (1) to degenerated (4). The outcomes of interest were: number and diameter of follicles at the time of AI, ovulation success (confirmed 7 d post-AI), time to estrus event, maximum intensity and duration of estrus, number and quality of embryos. Data were analyzed according to the type of outcome variable using logistic, linear, or Poisson regression models. A total of 105 embryos (High P4: n = 42; Low P4: n = 63) were graded for quality. Different P4 levels did not affect the maximum intensity (High P4 = 497.8 ± 23.9%; Low P4 = 542.2 ± 23.5%) or the duration (High P4 = 13.5 ± 1.5 h; Low P4 = 14.3 ± 1.4 h) of estrus. Heifers in the High P4 treatment had greater number of follicles at time of AI (High P4 = 16.6 ± 1.6 follicles; Low P4 = 13.9 ± 1.2 follicles), but with smaller diameter (High P4 = 11.3 ± 0.1 mm; Low P4 = 12.0 ± 0.1 mm) compared with Low P4. High P4 heifers tended to have better embryo quality compared with Low P4 heifers (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% CI = 0.90-4.35). High P4 heifers had less embryos than Low P4 heifers, but this was modified by the CIDR (intravaginal implant of P4) removal to estrus interval (interval 0-21 h: mean ratio = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.42-1.87; interval 22-46 h: mean ratio = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.27-0.96). Although estrous expression was not associated with embryo quality, as the duration and the maximum intensity of estrous expression increased, the number of embryos recovered 7 d post-AI increased (duration: mean ratio = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.03-1.05; maximum intensity: mean ratio = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.42-1.58). In conclusion, P4 during the follicular growth, and intensity of estrus, are playing a role in regulating the quality and the number of embryos produced by superovulated heifers. This study was supported by contributions from Resilient Dairy Genome Project and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C S Marques
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - J P O Maciel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Canada
| | - J Denis-Robichaud
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R S Conceicao
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A M Bega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18168-000, Canada
| | - S Moore
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M A Sirard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - C F Baes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Wimalarathne HDA, Nakamura Y, Ishizaka K, Silva BDK, Sasakura K, Shimada M, Kibushi M, Sakase M, Kawate N. Age-related changes in circulating INSL3 concentrations and their associations with ovarian conditions in Japanese Black beef cattle. Theriogenology 2023; 211:97-104. [PMID: 37603938 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Information on circulating levels of insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) in female domesticated animals is limited, as their concentrations are significantly lower than in males. The objectives of the present study were to 1) develop a sandwich time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) with higher detectability to measure blood INSL3 concentrations in female cattle, 2) determine INSL3 concentrations in female cattle among age groups and reproductive conditions, and 3) explore associations between INSL3 levels and ultrasonographic ovarian measurements. Blood was collected repeatedly from Japanese Black beef female calves (n = 12; 0-8 mo), heifers (n = 10; 10-26 mo), and cows (n = 20; 27-200 mo). Blood was taken from the cows (n = 13) at follicular, post-ovulatory, and luteal phases, and from cows with follicular cysts (n = 12). Ultrasonography of ovaries was conducted in the calves (n = 12) and the cows without ovarian diseases (n = 9). The ovarian area, as well as the number and diameters of antral follicles ≥ 2 mm, were determined in each ovary. The proposed method detected a difference in plasma INSL3 between calves (0.01 ng/mL) and heifers (0.18 ng/mL). However, the conventional assay showed similar levels for calves and heifers (1.82 vs 2.07 ng/mL). Plasma INSL3 and testosterone concentrations increased from calves to heifers (P < 0.0001), but only INSL3 rose from heifers to cows (P < 0.0001). INSL3 and testosterone concentrations did not change across the estrus cycle in cows, and the levels of both hormones in follicular cystic cows did not differ from those in the follicular phase. Ovarian area, maximal and average follicular diameters, and total volume of all follicles per animal were higher in cows than calves (P < 0.001). Plasma INSL3 concentrations correlated positively with the total volumes of all follicles in calves (P < 0.05) and cows (P < 0.05), whereas testosterone concentrations did not correlate with ovarian follicular measurements. In conclusion, plasma INSL3 concentrations measured by the proposed sandwich TRFIA showed a clear increase from female calves to cows in beef cattle. These results suggest that circulating levels of INSL3, but not of testosterone, are associated with the total volume of all antral follicles in both ovaries per animal in female cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D A Wimalarathne
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Ishizaka
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - B D K Silva
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Sasakura
- Hyogo Prefecture College of Agriculture, General Technological Center of Hyogo Prefecture for Agriculture, Forest and Fishery, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - M Shimada
- Hyogo Prefecture College of Agriculture, General Technological Center of Hyogo Prefecture for Agriculture, Forest and Fishery, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan
| | - M Kibushi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan; M's Veterinary Partners, Tanba, Hyogo, Japan
| | - M Sakase
- Hokubu Agricultural Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Asago, Hyogo, Japan
| | - N Kawate
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
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Uddin AHMM, Petrovski KR, Song Y, Garg S, Kirkwood RN. Application of Exogenous GnRH in Food Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1891. [PMID: 37370402 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over several decades, exogenous GnRH and agonists have been employed for controlling reproductive cascades in animals, and treating some reproductive morbidities. The administration of GnRH is used in animals to counter ovarian dysfunction, induce ovulation, and to increase conception and pregnancy rates. GnRH and its agonists are used in the treatment of cystic ovarian degeneration and repeat breeder syndrome. The development of protocols for GnRH administration by intramuscular injection, intramuscular or subcutaneous implants, and intravaginal deposition has empowered their clinical use worldwide. Currently, exogenous GnRH products are a central part of several pre- and post-breeding programs for the enhancement of fertility, including the control of estrous cycles and timing of ovulation, development of fixed-time artificial insemination protocols, improved embryo survival, and the treatment of reproductive morbidity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the application of exogenous GnRH agonists in food animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Musleh Uddin
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Kiro R Petrovski
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Roy N Kirkwood
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
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Prediction of the Spontaneous Estrus Expression Period Based on Large (≥10 mm) Follicle Numbers in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030231. [PMID: 36977270 PMCID: PMC10053630 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the distribution of large (≥10 mm) follicle numbers during the estrous cycle and (2) to compare the timing of the estrus expression period after the ovarian examination between cows with one large follicle (1F) and two or more large follicles (2F) with functional corpus luteum (CL) at the ovarian examination in lactating Holstein dairy cows. In experiment 1, we performed 393 ovarian examinations by ultrasonography, addressed the existence of CL (≥20 mm) and large follicle numbers, and classified cows into 1F (n = 229) and 2F (n = 164) groups. The 1F appearance rates were beyond 75% each day during 3 to 12 d after estrus. However, 2F appearance rates were beyond 75% each day during 15 to 24 d after estrus. In experiment 2, we performed 302 ovarian examinations by ultrasonography and classified cows into the 1F (n = 168) and 2F (n = 134) groups. Estrus detection was performed for 24 d after the ovarian examination in each cow. In the 2F group, 75% of estrus occurred within 9 d of the ovarian examination. However, 75% of estrus occurred 10 d after the ovarian examination in 1F. Days from the ovarian examination to estrus were significantly shorter in the 2F (6.0 d; median, 7.2 ± 4.0 d; mean ± SD) than in the 1F (13 d, 12.4 ± 4.3 d) group. In conclusion, focusing on ≥10 mm follicle numbers with CL could be useful for predicting the estrus expression period.
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Sood P, Sarma HD, Kadwad VB, Kumar S. Effect of ovarian follicular wave pattern and endocrine characteristics on pregnancy outcome in cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:321-332. [PMID: 34882853 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two (2W) versus three (3W) wave patterns of follicular dynamics and concurrent endocrine milieu of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol 17-β (E2) and progesterone (P4) were investigated during one interoestrous interval (IEI) before insemination, on ensuing pregnancy, in 70 lactating Jersey crossbred cows. The findings were evaluated for between [included all (overall) 2W-O and 3W-O cows] and within [after separating pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) cows in 2W and 3W] wave patterns. The propensity of two (58.6%, n = 41) and three (41.4%, n = 29) wave patterns was similar (p = .15). The IEI, shorter by 2.6 days for 2W-O versus 3W-O (p < .0009), predicted wave pattern as 100% 2W-O cows had IEI of ≤21 days, present only in 27.6% 3W-O cows (p < .0001). The ovulatory follicle persisted for a significantly shorter duration for 3W-O versus 2W-O cows. The average FSH, LH, E2 and P4 concentrations during the IEI did not differ for between and within the wave patterns. Pregnancy rate (%) of 58.6 versus 41.4 (p = .15) for 2W-O versus 3W-O and 56.1-P versus 43.9-NP (p = .44) for within 2W was similar, but tended to differ for within the 3W pattern (69.0-P versus 31.0-NP, p = .06). The pregnancy outcome was influenced by the age of ovulatory follicle for between the wave patterns and by follicular count as well as FSH surge concentration for within the wave patterns. A shorter luteal phase reduced the pregnancy outcome, a novel finding of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sood
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Experimental Animal Facility & Radioisotope Laboratory, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay B Kadwad
- Immunoassay Development, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, India
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SOOD PANKAJ, SARMA HD, DOGRA PK, SANKYAN VARUN. Effect of variable interservice interval on conception in crossbred cows. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i9.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reducing number of services per conception holds the key for profitable dairying. The widely considered estrous cycle length of 21 d has been refuted, a change that can seriously implicate fertility. The present investigation evaluated association amongst interservice interval (ISI, the period intervening two successive inseminations) and services per conception alongwith certain cow related variables (age, lactation number, days in milk to AI, days in milk at conception, age at conception and 305 d lactation yield). Data on 768 ISIs (range: 17 to 24 d) from 1,479 AIs (600 in normal; 879 in repeat breeders) in 193 lactating Jersey crossbred cows conceiving to different number of inseminations, was utilized. The ISI data in form of average, immediately prior to conception and pattern (regular – if ISI between AIs was of same duration; irregular – if ISI between AIs was of different durations) was considered for analysis. Nearly 84% of ISI ranged from 19 to 22 d, merely 22.6% being of 21 d (overall average of 20.3±0.44 d). Correlation matrix revealed a solitary, significant and negative relation of ISI, both average and prior to conception, with services per conception. The ISI of ≥21 d culminated consistently into more number of pregnant cows as well as lesser services per conception. The forward selection regression model predicted reduction in ISI by 0.17 d with each additional insemination. Irregular pattern of ISI was also unfavourable for conception. The probable mechanisms for variable ISI in light of conception have been exhaustively elaborated, which could pave potential future studies aiming reduced reproductive wastage.
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10
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Cattle breed affects in vitro embryo production in a large-scale commercial program on dairy farms. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Kaewlamun W, Grimard B, Duvaux-Ponter C, Ponter AA. Kick-starting ovarian cyclicity by using dietary glucogenic precursors in post-partum dairy cows: a review. Int J Vet Sci Med 2020; 8:39-48. [PMID: 32953874 PMCID: PMC7476532 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2020.1773188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to describe how dietary glucogenic precursors could stimulate ovarian activity in post-partum dairy cows and improve reproductive success. Although the nutrient requirements for the early resumption of ovarian cycles, and for follicle and embryo development are quantitatively small, reproductive success is deteriorated by post-partum negative energy balance. Since very little glucose is absorbed directly from the digestive tract of ruminants one of the targets for nutritional manipulation could be the glucogenic potential of the diet. This could be achieved by giving rumen-resistant starch or mono-propylene glycol. Both these adaptations increase glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 plasma concentrations and stimulate ovarian follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kaewlamun
- School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B Grimard
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Duvaux-Ponter
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée Aux Ruminants, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - A A Ponter
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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12
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de Moraes FLZ, Morotti F, Costa CB, Lunardelli PA, Seneda MM. Relationships between antral follicle count, body condition, and pregnancy rates after timed-AI in Bos indicus cattle. Theriogenology 2019; 136:10-14. [PMID: 31234052 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was performed to evaluate the association between the antral follicle count (AFC) plus body condition score (BCS) and the pregnancy rate in Bos indicus undergoing timed artificial insemination (TAI). A total of 736 Nelore cows with BCSs ranging from 2 to 4 received a conventional protocol for TAI. On a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0), all cows received an intravaginal P4 device and an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate. On Day 8, the P4 device was removed, and 150 μg sodium D-cloprostenol, 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin and 1.0 mg estradiol cypionate were administered by i.m. injection. TAI was performed 48 h after P4 device removal, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography after 30 days. On Day 0, all cows were examined by ultrasonography to determine the AFC by counting the number of follicles >3 mm in diameter that were present in both ovaries and to evaluate the BCS (scale of 1-5). The cows were then classified based on their AFCs as those with low (≤10 follicles), intermediate (11-29 follicles) and high AFC (≥30 follicles). Furthermore, cows were classified as having low (≥2.0 to ≤ 2.9) and high (≥3.0 to ≤ 4.0) BCSs. The AFCs and BCSs were analyzed using the generalized linear model, and the pregnancy rate was assessed with the binary logistic regression model (P ≤ 0.05). The pregnancy rate was influenced (P < 0.05) by AFC and BCS classification and by interactions (P = 0.034) between these factors. Cows with a low AFC exhibited higher a pregnancy rate than did cows with a high or an intermediate AFC (57.7% a, 47.9% b and 49.7% b, P = 0.008). Low BCS resulted in a higher pregnancy rate than did high BCS (55.2% vs. 50.4%, P = 0.008). Cows with a high BCS and a low AFC had a higher pregnancy rate (P < 0.05) than did those with a high BCS and an intermediate or a high AFC (59.8%a, 48.0%b, and 38.0%b, respectively). An interaction (P < 0.05) was observed between the AFC and BCS, and the pregnancy rate decreased significantly in cows with an AFC > 30 and a BCS between 3 and 4. In conclusion, AFC and BCS classifications influence the pregnancy rate of Bos indicus beef cattle subjected to TAI. In addition, an important interaction between these factors was observed, namely, the lowest pregnancy rates were found in cows with high BCSs and high AFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Morotti
- University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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13
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Estrous detection by continuous measurements of vaginal temperature and conductivity with supervised machine learning in cattle. Theriogenology 2019; 123:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Greenham T, Oikonomou G, Grove-White D. A description of interestrus and interservice intervals and associated fertility in 16 United Kingdom dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:824-832. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Lange A, Schwieger R, Plöntzke J, Schäfer S, Röblitz S. Follicular competition in cows: the selection of dominant follicles as a synergistic effect. J Math Biol 2018; 78:579-606. [PMID: 30194480 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-018-1284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive cycle of mono-ovulatory species such as cows or humans is known to show two or more waves of follicular growth and decline between two successive ovulations. Within each wave, there is one dominant follicle escorted by subordinate follicles of varying number. Under the surge of the luteinizing hormone a growing dominant follicle ovulates. Rarely the number of ovulating follicles exceeds one. In the biological literature, the change of hormonal concentrations and individually varying numbers of follicular receptors are made responsible for the selection of exactly one dominant follicle, yet a clear cause has not been identified. In this paper, we suggest a synergistic explanation based on competition, formulated by a parsimoniously defined system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that quantifies the time evolution of multiple follicles and their competitive interaction during one wave. Not discriminating between follicles, growth and decline are given by fixed rates. Competition is introduced via a growth-suppressing term, equally supported by all follicles. We prove that the number of dominant follicles is determined exclusively by the ratio of follicular growth and competition. This number turns out to be independent of the number of subordinate follicles. The asymptotic behavior of the corresponding dynamical system is investigated rigorously, where we demonstrate that the [Formula: see text]-limit set only contains fixed points. When also including follicular decline, our ODEs perfectly resemble ultrasound data of bovine follicles. Implications for the involved but not explicitly modeled hormones are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lange
- Computational Systems Biology, Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany.
| | - Robert Schwieger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Plöntzke
- Computational Systems Biology, Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schäfer
- Computational Systems Biology, Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Röblitz
- Computational Systems Biology, Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Fontes PK, Ereno RL, Peixoto AR, Carvalho RF, Scarano WR, Trinca LA, Barros CM, Castilho ACDS. Can the antral follicular count modulate the gene expression of bovine oviducts in Aberdeen Angus and Nelore heifers? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202017. [PMID: 30157205 PMCID: PMC6114296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of visible ovarian antral follicles (antral follicle count—AFC) is repeatable in bovine individuals, but highly variable between animals, and with differences between Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds. Several studies have tried to determine the correlation between AFC and increased fertility in cattle. While the impacts of AFC on embryo production, hormonal levels, and pregnancy rates have been described, the molecular effects of AFC on bovine oviducts have not yet been investigated. Here, the aim was to investigate the impact of breeds, such as Aberdeen Angus and Nelore heifer with high or low AFC, on abundance of transcripts and protein related to oviductal transport, sperm reservoir formation, monospermy control, and gamete interaction in the oviducts. In summary, the ovulation side was the major factor that affected transcript abundance on bovine oviducts. However, a discreet effect among AFC and cattle breeds was also observed. Based on this, we concluded and reinforced here that differential microenvironments between ipsilateral and contralateral oviducts have a major effect on modulating the transcripts related to oviductal transport, sperm reservoir formation, monospermy control, and gamete interaction. However, we cannot exclude that there is minimal effect of AFC or breed on regulation of some genes (such as AGTR1, ACE1, FUCA1, and VEGFA) in bovine oviducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kubo Fontes
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Luis Ereno
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Rebello Peixoto
- Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Departament of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luzia Aparecida Trinca
- Departament of Biostatistic, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ciro Moraes Barros
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Zangirolamo AF, Morotti F, da Silva NC, Sanches TK, Seneda MM. Ovarian antral follicle populations and embryo production in cattle. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:310-315. [PMID: 34178154 PMCID: PMC8202465 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive biotechniques such as embryo production are important tools to increase the
reproductive performance in cattle in a short time. In this context, the antral follicle count
(AFC), which reflects the population of antral follicles present in an ovary, has been indicated
as an important phenotypic characteristic related to female fertility and closely correlated
to the performance of in vivo and in vitro embryo production
(IVEP). A positive correlation was evidenced between AFC and oocyte retrieval by ovum pick
up (OPU) sessions and and with the number of embryos produced. Several studies have reported
that females with a high AFC had greater embryo yields compared to those with medium and low
AFC. However, controversial results were obtained by studies conducted in different bovine
breeds. Many conflicting data may be due to the differences in the experimental design, particularly
regarding the classification of animals in AFC groups, subspecies particularities, herd
aptitude or even issues related to animal management. Therefore, aspects such as the choice
of donor, type of aspirated follicles and the stage of follicular wave need to be clarified.
Thus, this text aims to discuss the use of AFC as a reproductive tool and its applications in
the in vivo and in vitro production of embryos, besides
describing consistent results and new challenges regarding AFC and embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fonseca Zangirolamo
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal (DCV-CCA-UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabio Morotti
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal (DCV-CCA-UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Covre da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal (DCV-CCA-UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Tamires Korchovei Sanches
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal (DCV-CCA-UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Seneda
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal (DCV-CCA-UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
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18
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Remnant J, Green M, Huxley J, Hudson C. Associations between dairy cow inter-service interval and probability of conception. Theriogenology 2018; 114:324-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Ovulation synchronization with estradiol benzoate or GnRH in a timed artificial insemination protocol in buffalo cows and heifers during the nonbreeding season. Theriogenology 2017; 87:333-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Dorneles Tortorella R, Nogueira GDP, Modesto MR, Passoni Silva PC, da Silva JP, Neves JP, Ramos AF. Characterizing emergence and divergence in the first follicular wave in a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed. Theriogenology 2017; 88:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Tomasek R, Rezac P, Havlicek Z. Environmental and animal factors associated with gestation length in Holstein cows and heifers in two herds in the Czech Republic. Theriogenology 2016; 87:100-107. [PMID: 27616214 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the effects of the month of conception, month of calving, sex of the calf, and twins on gestation length (GL) in Holstein cows and heifers in two dairy herds with different milk yields. The study was performed in northeast Czech Republic over a 6-year period on two commercial dairy herds with a mean annual milk production of 11,060 kg per cow in the higher milk-producing herd and 8854 kg per cow in the lower milk-producing herd. Gestation length in cows that conceived in different months of the year was longer in the higher milk-producing herd than that in the lower milk-producing herd throughout the year (P < 0.01), whereas GL in heifers was almost the same in both herds. Gestation length in cows that conceived in different months of the year was longer than that in heifers through the whole year in both herds (P < 0.05). Similar results were found in cows and heifers that calved in different months of the year. Gestation length in cows and heifers that conceived in the first months of the year was longer than in those that conceived in the last months of the year in both herds (P < 0.05). Gestation length in cows and heifers that calved in late fall and throughout winter was longer than in those that calved in spring and summer in both herds (P < 0.05). Gestation length in females carrying male calves was longer than in those carrying female calves (P < 0.0001). Gestation length in cows (P < 0.0001) and heifers (P < 0.05) carrying singles was longer than in those carrying twins in both herds. In conclusion, results indicate that GL in Holstein cattle is associated with the month of conception, month of calving, herd, parity, sex of the calf, and twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tomasek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Rezac
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Z Havlicek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
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22
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Stevenson J, Lamb G. Contrasting effects of progesterone on fertility of dairy and beef cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5951-5964. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Wiltbank MC, Baez GM, Garcia-Guerra A, Toledo MZ, Monteiro PL, Melo LF, Ochoa JC, Santos JE, Sartori R. Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2016; 86:239-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Progesterone supplementation after ovulation: Effects on corpus luteum function and on fertility of dairy cows subjected to AI or ET. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1215-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Jimenez-Krassel F, Scheetz D, Neuder L, Ireland J, Pursley J, Smith G, Tempelman R, Ferris T, Roudebush W, Mossa F, Lonergan P, Evans A, Ireland J. Concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone in dairy heifers is positively associated with productive herd life. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3036-45. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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LH secretion around induced ovulation during early and late diestrus and its effect on the appearance of short estrous cycles in cyclic dairy heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 83:497-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Remnant J, Green M, Huxley J, Hudson C. Variation in the interservice intervals of dairy cows in the United Kingdom. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:889-97. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Vercouteren M, Bittar J, Pinedo P, Risco C, Santos J, Vieira-Neto A, Galvão K. Factors associated with early cyclicity in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:229-39. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Moore S, Scully S, Browne J, Fair T, Butler S. Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: V. Factors affecting circulating progesterone concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:5543-57. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows. Animal 2014; 8 Suppl 1:40-53. [PMID: 24680122 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a variable anoestrous period following parturition in the cow. Follicular growth generally resumes within 7 to 10 days in the majority of cows associated with a transient FSH rise that occurs within 3 to 5 days of parturition. Dairy cows that are not nutritionally stressed generally ovulate their first postpartum dominant follicle (~15 days), whereas beef suckler cows in good body condition normally have a mean of 3.2±0.2 dominant follicles (~30 days) to first ovulation; moreover, beef cows in poor body condition have a mean of 10.6±1.2 dominant follicles (~70 to 100 days) to first ovulation. The lack of ovulation of dominant follicles during the postpartum period is associated with infrequent LH pulses, with both maternal-offspring bonding and low body condition score (BCS) at calving being implicated as the predominant causes of delayed resumption of cyclicity in nursed beef cows. In dairy cows, the normal pattern of early resumption of ovulation may be delayed in high-yielding Holstein type cows generally owing to the effects of severe negative energy balance, dystocia, retained placental membranes and uterine infections. First ovulation, in both dairy and beef cows, is generally silent (i.e., no behavioural oestrus) and followed by a short inter-ovulatory interval (>70%). The key to optimizing the resumption of ovulation in both beef and dairy cows is appropriate pre-calving nutrition and management so that cows calve down in optimal body condition (BCS; 2.75 to 3.0) with postpartum body condition loss restricted to <0.5 BCS units.
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31
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Sanchez R, Schuermann Y, Gagnon-Duval L, Baldassarre H, Murphy BD, Gevry N, Agellon LB, Bordignon V, Duggavathi R. Differential abundance of IGF1, bile acids, and the genes involved in their signaling in the dominant follicle microenvironment of lactating cows and nulliparous heifers. Theriogenology 2014; 81:771-9. [PMID: 24503106 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that incidence of fertility problems is high in lactating cows but not in heifers of the same genetic merit. Understanding the metabolic and molecular differences between fertile heifers and relatively infertile lactating cows will help us understand the pathogenesis of infertility in dairy cows. Follicular waves in lactating cows (30-50 days in milk; n = 12) and heifers (n = 10) were synchronized by ultrasound-guided follicle ablation. Follicular fluid and granulosa cells of the dominant follicle were collected by ultrasound-guided aspiration along with blood sampling on Day 6 after synchronization. Dominant and subordinate follicles were larger in lactating cows than in heifers. Metabolic stress in lactating cows was evidenced by lower glucose and higher ß-hydroxy butyric acid compared with heifers. Insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling was reduced in the dominant follicle in lactating cows through reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in plasma and follicular fluid of the dominant follicle, and reduced expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) in their granulosa cells. We also found increased levels of total bile acids in the follicular fluid of the dominant follicle of lactating cows compared with heifers. Granulosa cells of the dominant follicle had higher expression of SLC10A2 and GPBAR1 (bile acid transporter and receptor, respectively) in lactating cows. These novel data are indicative of increased bile acid signaling within the dominant follicles of lactating cows compared with heifers. Overall, we demonstrate in the present study the metabolic, endocrine, and molecular differences within the microenvironment of the dominant follicles in lactating cows and heifers. These differences in follicular microenvironment may contribute toward abnormal ovarian function in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sanchez
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yasmin Schuermann
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurianne Gagnon-Duval
- Centre de recherche en reproduction animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hernan Baldassarre
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de recherche en reproduction animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gevry
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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32
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Hussein HA, Boryczko Z, Bostedt H. Acid-Base Parameters and Steroid Concentrations in Pre-Ovulatory Follicles and Plasma of Lactating Dairy Cows with Spontaneous and Synchronized Oestrus or Follicular Cyst. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:833-9. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HA Hussein
- Theriogenology Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Assiut University; Assiut; Egypt
| | - Z Boryczko
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Agricultural University; Warsaw; Poland
| | - H Bostedt
- Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus-Liebig-university; Giessen; Germany
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33
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Data-derived reference profiles with corepresentation of progesterone, estradiol, LH, and FSH dynamics during the bovine estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2013; 79:331-43.e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Nascimento AB, Souza AH, Guenther JN, Costa FPD, Sartori R, Wiltbank MC. Effects of treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin or intravaginal progesterone-releasing device after AI on circulating progesterone concentrations in lactating dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:818-24. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate circulating progesterone (P4) is important for pregnancy. Lactating dairy cattle have lower circulating P4, particularly when smaller follicles are ovulated during timed AI protocols. The aim of the present study was to determine the supplementation strategy that resulted in P4 concentrations in lactating dairy cattle similar to those in heifers. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 61) were synchronised using the Double-Ovsynch method and, on Day 5, were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (control), controlled internal drug release (CIDR), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 3300 IU) or CIDR+hCG. Heifers after normal oestrus were followed as controls (n = 10). Profiles of circulating P4 concentrations were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. Heifers had greater P4 concentrations than control cows at all times after Day 5 (P < 0.0001). Cows receiving CIDR had lower P4 concentrations than heifers (P = 0.0037) on Days 8–16. Treatment with hCG generally caused ovulation and resulted in circulating P4 concentrations greater than those in control lactating cows by 3 days after treatment (Day 8 after AI), but the treatment × time interaction (P = 0.01) showed that cows treated with hCG generally had lower P4 concentrations than heifers. Supplementation with CIDR+hCG resulted in P4 concentration profiles similar to those in heifers. Thus, the use of CIDR and the production of an accessory corpus luteum with hCG elevates P4 concentrations in lactating cows to those seen in heifers. This information may be useful for designing future trials into P4 supplementation and fertility.
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Ayres H, Ferreira R, Cunha A, Araújo R, Wiltbank M. Double-Ovsynch in high-producing dairy cows: Effects on progesterone concentrations and ovulation to GnRH treatments. Theriogenology 2013; 79:159-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Fertility in dairy cows has been declining for the past three decades. Genetic selection for increased milk production has been associated with changes in key metabolic hormones (growth hormone, insulin, IGF and leptin) that regulate metabolism by homoeostasis and homeorhesis. These metabolic hormones, particularly insulin, provide signals to the reproductive system so that regulation of ovarian function is coordinated with changes in metabolic status. Studies have shown, for example, that increasing circulating insulin concentrations during the early post partum period can advance the resumption of oestrous cycles by enhancing follicular growth. However, high concentrations of insulin can be detrimental to the developmental competence of oocytes, which is also influenced by the supply of fatty acids at the systemic level and at the ovarian level. Insulin status is also associated with the incidence and characteristics of abnormal ovarian cycles. These changes can occur without significant variation in circulating gonadotrophin concentrations. This suggests that additional factors, such as peripheral metabolites, metabolic hormones and locally produced growth factors, may have a modulating role. Recent evidence has demonstrated that ovarian responses to metabolic signals and nutrient profile vary according to the stage of the reproductive cycle. Improved understanding of this multifactorial process enables nutrition to be matched to genotype and milk production, with a positive impact on pregnancy rate.
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Comparison between lactating and non-lactating dairy cows on follicular growth and corpus luteum development, and endocrine patterns of ovarian steroids and luteinizing hormone in the estrous cycles. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Endo N, Nagai K, Tanaka T, Kamomae H. Profiles of ovarian steroids, luteinizing hormone and estrous signs from luteolysis to ovulation in lactating and non-lactating dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:685-90. [PMID: 22972035 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the profiles of ovarian steroids and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the appearance of estrous signs in relation to luteolysis and ovulation in lactating and non-lactating cows and to examine the influence of lactation on those observations. Five lactating (daily milk yield of 28.4 ± 3.2 kg; mean ± SD) and five non-lactating cycling Holstein cows were examined. Their ovaries were monitored by ultrasonography daily during one estrous cycle. Blood samples were collected daily and then at 3-h intervals after luteolysis until ovulation. Estrous signs in terms of behavior, the vulva and the vagina were checked at 8-h intervals after luteolysis until ovulation. Profiles of progesterone, estradiol-17β and LH did not differ between the groups. There were no differences in the interval from luteolysis to ovulation (4.6 ± 0.5 and 4.2 ± 0.8 days) and the interval from the estradiol-17β peak to ovulation (34.2 ± 4.5 and 30.6 ± 3.9 h) between lactating and non-lactating cows. The interval from the peak of the LH surge to ovulation was 27 h in all cows examined. Appearance of estrous signs did not differ between the groups. The vaginal estrous signs were observed conspicuously in all cows examined, but the behavioral signs were not observed in 20.0% of the cows. The duration of behavioral signs (41.3 ± 23.6 h) was shorter (P<0.05) than that of the vagina (68.9 ± 25.4 h). These results imply that lactation might not interfere with the hormonal profiles from luteolysis to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Reproduction, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Physiological status alters immunological regulation of bovine follicle differentiation in dairy cattle. J Reprod Immunol 2012; 96:34-44. [PMID: 22980436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactation in dairy cattle is associated with a multitude of endocrine, metabolic and immunological changes that not only influence animal health, but also affect fertility, and in particular ovarian function. We have previously generated a global transcriptomic profile of bovine follicular tissue using RNA sequencing. This study aimed to: identify key immune-related transcriptional changes that occur during follicle differentiation and luteinisation using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA); and determine if a compromised model of stress (i.e. lactation) influences the temporal expression of these genes. Ovarian follicular tissue from Holstein-Friesian non-lactating heifers (n=17) and lactating cows (n=16) was compared at three stages of preovulatory follicle development: (A) the newly selected dominant follicle in the luteal phase (Selection); (B) the follicular phase before the LH surge (Differentiation), and (C) the preovulatory phase after the LH surge (Luteinisation). IPA revealed an over-representation of immune-related pathways in theca compared with granulosa cells during differentiation; these were related to leucocyte extravasation and chemotaxis. Conversely, luteinisation was characterised by over-representation of immune-related pathways in granulosa compared with theca cells; these were related to inflammation and innate immune response. Notably, comparison of follicles from heifers and lactating cows revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes associated with immune cell subpopulations and chemotaxis. In conclusion, identification of immune-related canonical pathways during follicle development supports the hypothesis that ovulation is an inflammatory event. This process is influenced by the physiological status of lactation and likely contributes to compromised peri-ovulatory follicle function by impairing the inflammatory process of ovulation.
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Martins C, Rodrigues C, Vieira L, Mapletoft R, Bó G, Sá Filho M, Baruselli P. The effect of timing of the induction of ovulation on embryo production in superstimulated lactating Holstein cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2012; 78:974-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roth Z, Biran D, Lavon Y, Dafni I, Yakobi S, Braw-Tal R. Endocrine milieu and developmental dynamics of ovarian cysts and persistent follicles in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1729-37. [PMID: 22459821 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian follicular cysts and persistent follicles are follicular pathologies involved in reduced fertility of dairy cows. Two separate experiments were performed on high-yielding Holstein cows to characterize ovarian cyclicity and evaluate the developmental dynamics of follicle pathologies postpartum. In experiment 1, 58 cows were monitored by ultrasonography twice weekly from d 18±1 to 69±2 postpartum. First ovulation occurred 38±3, 27±2, 20±1, and 25±3 d postpartum in cows with 1 cycle (n=11), 2 cycles (n=21), 3 cycles (n=13), and 4 cycles (n=7), respectively. Follicular pathologies were developed in cows that were either acyclic (n=6) or had 1 or 2 cycles, but not in cows with more than 2 cycles. In experiment 2, 47 cows were monitored twice weekly from 10 d postpartum to second ovulation. Follicles ≥17 mm in diameter in 2 consecutive scans were aspirated, and concentrations of various hormones were measured. Cows were defined as cyclic (n=30; 64%) or with the potential to develop follicular pathology (n=17; 36%). Aspirated follicles (n=27) were classified into 3 main groups based on follicular growth rate, follicular diameter, and ovarian activity before and after follicular aspiration. Dominant follicles (n=4) were defined as large follicles (20 mm in diameter) with growth rate ≤1 mm/d and normal ovarian activity. Persistent follicles (n=6) had the same growth rate and diameter as the dominant follicles, but persisted at the same diameter for ≥10 d. Ovarian cysts (n=17) were defined as the largest follicular structures (19 to 32 mm in diameter), with abnormal growth rate (>1 mm/d) and abnormal ovarian activity. Single or turnover cysts did not differ in their growth parameters and were therefore combined and further classified according to follicular-fluid hormone concentrations. Estradiol-dominant cysts (n=7) were characterized by normal estradiol (284 to 659 ng/mL) and progesterone (20 to 113 ng/mL) concentrations, similar to those of the dominant follicle (554 to 993 ng/mL and 44 to 106 ng/mL, respectively). Progesterone-dominant cysts (n=5) were characterized by low estradiol (0.06 to 330 ng/mL) and high progesterone (586 to 3,288 ng/mL) concentrations. Low-steroidogenic active cysts (n=5) were characterized by low concentrations of both estradiol (23 to 61 ng/mL) and progesterone (17 to 205 ng/mL). Characterization of spontaneously forming cysts might enable definition of the formation of ovarian follicular pathologies in postpartum cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Bridges G, Mussard M, Pate J, Ott T, Hansen T, Day M. Impact of preovulatory estradiol concentrations on conceptus development and uterine gene expression. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 133:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cummins S, Lonergan P, Evans A, Butler S. Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: II. Ovarian follicular and corpus luteum dynamics, reproductive hormones, and estrus behavior. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3698-710. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Scheetz D, Folger JK, Smith GW, Ireland JJ. Granulosa cells are refractory to FSH action in individuals with a low antral follicle count. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:327-36. [PMID: 22281079 DOI: 10.1071/rd11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reason ovarian function and fertility are diminished in women with a low antral follicle count (AFC), despite significant numbers of follicles remaining in ovaries, is unknown. The bovine model is unique to address this question because cattle and women with a low AFC exhibit similar phenotypic characteristics including a diminished ovarian reserve, reduced circulating concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) but heightened FSH secretion during reproductive cycles. Because women and cattle with a low AFC respond minimally to gonadotropin stimulation during IVF cycles or superovulation, granulosa cells in individuals with a low AFC are hypothesised to be refractory to FSH. The present study evaluates this hypothesis by testing whether capacity of granulosa cells to respond to FSH differs between cattle with a low and a high AFC. Granulosa cells from cattle with a low (≤15 follicles ≥3 mm in diameter) or a high (≥25 follicles) AFC were cultured with different doses of FSH. Treatments were evaluated by measurement of oestradiol (E), progesterone (P) and AMH in media and abundance of mRNAs for aromatase (CYP19A1), AMH, FSH receptor (FSHR) and oxytocin (OXT). Progesterone and OXT mRNA are well-established markers of granulosa cell luteinisation. Although high doses of FSH induced granulosa cell luteinisation, basal and FSH-induced increases in E and AMH production and expression of mRNAs for CYP19A1, FSHR and AMH in granulosa cells were much lower, while P production and OXT mRNA expression were higher in non-luteinised and luteinised granulosa cells from the low than the high AFC group. Granulosa cells in cattle with a low AFC are refractory to FSH action, which could explain why ovarian function, responsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation and fertility are diminished in individuals with a low versus a high AFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Scheetz
- Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, 1230 Anthony Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1225, USA
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Walsh SW, Mehta JP, McGettigan PA, Browne JA, Forde N, Alibrahim RM, Mulligan FJ, Loftus B, Crowe MA, Matthews D, Diskin M, Mihm M, Evans ACO. Effect of the metabolic environment at key stages of follicle development in cattle: focus on steroid biosynthesis. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:504-17. [PMID: 22414914 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00178.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanisms that contribute to low estradiol concentrations produced by the preovulatory ovarian follicle in cattle with a compromised metabolic status are largely unknown. To gain insight into the main metabolic mechanisms affecting preovulatory follicle function, two different animal models were used. Experiment 1 compared Holstein-Friesian nonlactating heifers (n = 17) and lactating cows (n = 16) at three stages of preovulatory follicle development: 1) newly selected dominant follicle in the luteal phase (Selection), 2) follicular phase before the LH surge (Differentiation), and 3) preovulatory phase after the LH surge (Luteinization). Experiment 2 compared newly selected dominant follicles in the luteal phase in beef heifers fed a diet of 1.2 times maintenance (M, n = 8) or 0.4 M (n = 11). Lactating cows and 0.4 M beef heifers had higher concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, and lower concentrations of glucose, insulin, and IGF-I compared with dairy heifers and 1.2 M beef heifers, respectively. In lactating cows this altered metabolic environment was associated with reduced dominant follicle estradiol and progesterone synthesis during Differentiation and Luteinization, respectively, and in 0.4 M beef heifers with reduced dominant follicle estradiol synthesis. Using a combination of RNA sequencing, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and qRT-PCR validation, we identified several important molecular markers involved in steroid biosynthesis, such as the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) within developing dominant follicles, to be downregulated by the catabolic state. Based on this, we propose that the adverse metabolic environment caused by lactation or nutritional restriction decreases preovulatory follicle function mainly by affecting cholesterol transport into the mitochondria to initiate steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Walsh
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Ledgard AM, Berg MC, McMillan WH, Smolenski G, Peterson AJ. Effect of asynchronous transfer on bovine embryonic development and relationship with early cycle uterine proteome profiles. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:962-72. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterus provides the nurturing environment that supports the growth of the early preimplantation bovine conceptus. To determine critical time points of uterine influence, in vitro-produced Day 7 blastocysts were transferred into synchronous (Day 7) uteri and asynchronous uteri (Days 5 or 9). Embryo growth was evaluated 7 and 15 days after transfer and compared with that of embryos generated by AI. Conceptuses recovered from asynchronous Day 9 transfers were fourfold larger than synchronous transfer or gestational Day 14 AI conceptuses; by 15 days after transfer, differences were less marked. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the histotroph protein composition of uterine luminal flushings (ULF) on Days 5 and 9 after oestrous to determine any protein differences that would promote embryo growth. The ULF were collected by serially flushing the uteri of the same heifers and mature cows at different times of the cycle. Ten proteins that differed in abundance between Day 5 and 9 were identified by mass spectrometry. Three, namely phosphoserine aminotransferase 1, purine nucleoside phosphorylase and aldose reductase, were verified by western blot analysis as more abundant on Day 9 (P < 0.002). Myostatin was present in only in Day 9 ULF, whereas tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and legumain were only detected in Day 14 ULF. Although mature cows had lower progesterone concentrations on Days 5 and 14 (P < 0.05) and tended to have less TIMP2 than heifer groups, no other protein differences were detected. Thus, the embryo growth-enhancing environment on Day 9 was associated with temporal changes in the expression of several proteins of the histotroph.
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Dias F, Mapletoft R, Kastelic J, Adams G, Colazo M, Stover B, Dochi O, Singh J. Effect of length of progesterone exposure during ovulatory wave development on pregnancy rate. Theriogenology 2012; 77:437-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boer H, Röblitz S, Stötzel C, Veerkamp R, Kemp B, Woelders H. Mechanisms regulating follicle wave patterns in the bovine estrous cycle investigated with a mathematical model. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:5987-6000. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Sá Filho M, Baldrighi J, Sales J, Crepaldi G, Carvalho J, Bó G, Baruselli P. Induction of ovarian follicular wave emergence and ovulation in progestin-based timed artificial insemination protocols for Bos indicus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 129:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Helguera I, Martino A, López-Gatius F. Reproductive performance of anoestrous high-producing dairy cows improved by adding equine chorionic gonadotrophin to a progesterone-based oestrous synchronizing protocol. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:752-8. [PMID: 22117847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to improve the reproductive performance of anoestrous high-producing dairy cows by including equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) after progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) removal. In Experiment I, 806 cows at 51-57 days post-partum were randomly assigned to a PRID (treated with PRID), PRID-500 (treated with PRID plus 500 IU of eCG) or PRID-750 (treated with PRID plus 750 IU of eCG) group. In Experiment II, 422 cows showing a long anoestrus period (animals with no oestrus signs nor luteal tissue 35 days before treatment) were randomly assigned to the PRID, PRID-500 or PRID-750 groups. The dependent variables considered in binary logistic regression analyses for both experiments were the rates of oestrus, ovulation and conception after treatment, the cumulative conception rate on Day 120 post-partum and pregnancy loss. In Experiment I, interaction between treatment and season showed a significant effect on the oestrous response. Thus, during the warm season, PRID group cows were 8.9 times more likely to express oestrus than the remaining cows. Moreover, inseminated cows with two or more corpora lutea 8-14 days after treatment were more likely to become pregnant (by a factor of 2.4) than cows with a single corpus luteum. Finally, cows without luteal structures treated with PRID were 0.4 less likely to be pregnant on Day 120 post-partum, compared with the remaining cows. In Experiment II, cows in the PRID group treated during the warm or cool season were less likely to exhibit oestrus (by a factor of 0.06 or 0.2, respectively) or ovulate (by a factor of 0.004 or 0.14, respectively) than the remaining cows. In conclusion, in anoestrous cows in both experiments, the addition of eCG to the use of an intravaginal progesterone device to induce oestrus was beneficial. The recommended dose of eCG is 500 IU.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Garcia-Ispierto
- Animal Production Research Centre, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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