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Elmi A, Casalini A, Bertocchi M, Emmanuele P, Aniballi C, Parmeggiani A, Govoni N, Ventrella D, Mordenti O, Bacci ML. Comparative evaluation of the effects of different activating media and temperatures on European eel (Anguilla anguilla) sperm motility assessed by computer assisted sperm analysis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105045. [PMID: 37812988 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The European eel is a critically endangered teleost fish with very poor success rate for captive breeding and artificial reproduction. Therefore, to support its conservation, new strategies are needed to ensure fertilization. Objective analysis of sperm motility may be critical as it potentially represents one of the most important reproductive quality parameters. Spermatozoa acquire motility once in contact with hyperosmotic solutions as saltwater, yet the exact mechanisms and the role of temperature are still to be clarified. The main aim of the study was to assess the effects of 3 activating media (artificial sea water, tank water and commercial Actifish®) at 4 and 20 °C on sperm motility, by means of computer assisted sperm analysis. Secondary aim was to test 2 different concentrations of Actifish® mimicking sea water pH/osmolality, at 4 °C. The results suggested how both temperature and activating media have effects on spermatozoa motility and kinematics, with temperature mainly acting upon interaction with the media type. The samples activated with tank water at 20 °C showed the poorest motility outcomes (mean 38.1%), while the ones activated with Actifish® diluted 1:4 and artificial sea water, at 4 °C, the highest (means 51.8 and 51.5% respectively). Additionally, diluting Actifish® to reach same pH and osmolality of seawater led to worse motility outcomes, suggesting that composition may be the critical factor for activation rather than osmolality itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Antonio Casalini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Pietro Emmanuele
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Albamaria Parmeggiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Nadia Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy.
| | - Oliviero Mordenti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy
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2
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Rozenfeld C, García-Carpintero V, Pérez L, Gallego V, Herranz-Jusdado JG, Tveiten H, Johnsen HK, Fontaine R, Weltzien FA, Cañizares J, Asturiano JF, Peñaranda DS. Cold seawater induces early sexual developmental stages in the BPG axis of European eel males. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:597. [PMID: 31331264 PMCID: PMC6647157 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impossibility of closing the life cycle of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in captivity troubles the future of this critically endangered species. In addition, the European eel is a highly valued and demanded resource, thus the successful closing of its life cycle would have a substantial economic and ecological impact. With the aim of obtaining the highest gamete quality, the study of the effects of environmental factors, such as temperature, on reproductive performance may prove valuable. This is especially true for the exposure to cold water, which has been reported to improve sexual development in multiple other Actinopterygii species. RESULTS European eel males treated with cold seawater (10 °C, T10) for 2 weeks showed an increase in the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells until the differentiated spermatogonial type A cell stage, and elevated testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone plasma levels. Transcriptomes from the tissues of the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis of T10 samples revealed a differential gene expression profile compared to the other experimental groups, with clustering in a principal component analysis and in heat maps of all differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, a functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enriched gene ontology terms involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, histone modification, meiotic nuclear division, and others. CONCLUSIONS Cold seawater treatment had a clear effect on the activity of the BPG-axis of European eel males. In particular, our cold seawater treatment induces the synchronization and increased proliferation and differentiation of specific spermatogonial cells. In the transcriptomic results, genes related to thermoception were observed. This thermoception may have caused the observed effects through epigenetic mechanisms, since all analysed tissues further revealed differentially expressed genes involved in histone modification. The presented results support our hypothesis that a low temperature seawater treatment induces an early sexual developmental stage in European eels. This hypothesis is logical given that the average temperature experienced by eels in the early stages of their oceanic reproductive migration is highly similar to that of this cold seawater treatment. Further studies are needed to test whether a cold seawater treatment can improve the response of European eels to artificial hormonal treatment, as the results suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Rozenfeld
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Carpintero
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luz Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Germán Herranz-Jusdado
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helge Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Food Research, Nofima AS, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Helge K Johnsen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Muninbakken 21, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - David S Peñaranda
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València. Edificio 7G, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Locatello L, Bertotto D, Cerri R, Parmeggiani A, Govoni N, Trocino A, Xiccato G, Mordenti O. Sperm quality in wild-caught and farmed males of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 198:167-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sperm abnormalities in matrinxã Brycon amazonicus after hormonal treatment with carp pituitary extract and Ovaprim™. ZYGOTE 2018; 26:279-285. [PMID: 30220262 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199418000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate if hormonal treatment causes changes in the morphology of matrinxã Brycon amazonicus spermatozoa. Twelve males were randomized into three treatment groups: 1, Ovaprim™ (0.5 ml/kg); 2, carp pituitary extract (CPE; 2.0 mg/kg); and 3, NaCl solution 0.9% - control group (0.5 ml/kg); with four replicates. Morphological sperm analysis was performed using an optical and scanning electron microscope. The percentage of normal spermatozoa (49.6±4.6% to 60.8±2.8%), with primary (26.1±6.4% to 45.3±4.5%) and secondary abnormalities (4.4±2.9% to 13.9±3.5%) did not differ significantly between treatment groups. There were no significant differences between treatments in relation to the primary abnormalities found in the head (10.5±3.8% to 25.5±6.3%), the midpiece (0.1±0.1% to 0.2±0.2%) and in the flagellum (18.9±3.8% to 15.5±3.1%), as well as in the secondary abnormalities, located in the head (0.8±0.4% to 7.8±4.6%) and in the flagellum (2.2±1.1% to 6.1±1.5%). When each abnormality was evaluated individually, only the percentage of degenerated head was higher in the CPE-induced group (24.9±5.9%) than the control group (7.2±3.1%). We concluded that the use of pituitary extract of carp or Ovaprim™ under the conditions of this experiment does not influence the percentage of sperm abnormalities in B. amazonicus.
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Effect of hCG and Ovaprim™ on reproductive characteristics of male Levantine scraper, Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842). Theriogenology 2018; 115:45-56. [PMID: 29705659 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Species richness and abundance within the genus Capoeta has been depleted. As such, there is great need for developing assisted reproductive technologies for controlling reproduction in captivity. Here, we conducted in vivo studies with single administrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and Ovaprim™ [(D-Arg6, Pro9NEt)-sGnRH + domperidone] in wild-caught Levantine scraper, Capoeta damascina and then evaluated milt characteristics, fertilization success, serum sex steroids, and spermatogenesis via histological testicular development. Spermiation responses were significantly stronger for Ovaprim injected fish than those injected with hCG or saline. hCG had a negative effect on milt quality by reducing the percentage of motile sperm and fertilization success at 12-48 h post injection (hpi), which was not observed after treatment with Ovaprim or the saline injection. Hormonal therapy resulted in higher sperm densities and spermatocrit, although sperm longevity was not impacted. Sex steroids were not impacted by hCG or saline injection, but Ovaprim effectively induced androgen and progestin release, as evident by higher serum levels of testosterone, and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. Consequently, their levels peaked at 12 hpi, which coincided with maximal milt production. Histological analysis of the testes and quantification of germ cell types revealed that Ovaprim significantly stimulated spermiogenesis, as a higher number of accumulated spermatozoa were observed at 12 h and 24 hpi. Testes from saline and hCG-injected fish remained unchanged through the experiment, and contained all stages of germ cells, predominantly spermatocytes with few spermatozoa. In conclusion, Ovaprim treatment successfully induced steroidogenesis and maturation of spermatogenic germ cells, leading to spermiation and milt production without having any negative impacts on sperm quality and fertility in wild-caught C. damascina.
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Müller T, Matsubara H, Kubara Y, Horváth Á, Kolics B, Taller J, Stéger V, Kovács B, Horváth L, Asturiano JF, Peñaranda DS, Urbányi B. Testing cryopreserved European eel sperm for hybridization (A. japonica × A. anguilla). Theriogenology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Wang H, Wang B, Liu J, Li A, Zhu H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Piwil1 gene is regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): A different effect in ovaries and testes. Gene 2018. [PMID: 29524575 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As constituent factors of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways, Piwi proteins are essential for germline maintenance and gonadal development. Previous studies show that Piwi-piRNA pathways could be regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, however, related studies have not been reported in marine species. Here we reported the identification of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) piwil1 gene, which was abundantly expressed in testis and ovary in a tissue-specific manner. Phylogenetic and genomic structure analyses revealed that piwil1 was conserved in its sequence and function during vertebrate evolution. We also investigated the effects of HPG axis hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol-17β (E2) and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), on gonadal piwil1 expression via in vivo and in vitro approaches. In ovary, hCG and E2 suppressed piwil1 expression both in vivo and in vitro, and MT increased piwil1 expression in vivo. In testis, hCG had upregulating effects on piwil1 expression in vivo and in vitro, and MT also increased piwil1 expression in vitro. In addition, E2 suppressed expression of piwil1 in vivo. These results indicated that the decreased or increased expression of piwil1 regulated by hormones might play a crucial role during gonadal differentiation and development in S. maximus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Aoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - He Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - XuBo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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8
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Using specific recombinant gonadotropins to induce spermatogenesis and spermiation in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Theriogenology 2018; 107:6-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Herranz-Jusdado JG, Kása E, Kollár T, Gallego V, Peñaranda DS, Rozenfeld C, Pérez L, Horváth Á, Asturiano JF. Handling and Treatment of Male European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) for Hormonal Maturation and Sperm Cryopreservation. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443049 DOI: 10.3791/56835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, several research groups have been working on the development and improvement of new protocols for the European eel handling and maturation. As of yet, weekly injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have proved to maturate males after just 5-6 weeks of treatment, producing high volumes of high-quality sperm during several weeks. In addition, sperm cryopreservation protocols using different extenders, cryoprotectants and cooling and thawing times have been previously described for European eel. Here, we show that Tanaka´s extender solution can be directly used for fertilization or for cryopreservation, making unnecessary the usage of different types of solutions and dilutions. Furthermore, the use of methanol as a cryoprotectant makes this protocol easy to use as methanol has low toxicity and does not activate the sperm. The sperm does not need to be cryopreserved immediately after the addition of the cryoprotectant, and it can be used long after being thawed. Moreover, sperm motility is still high after thawing although it is lower than that of fresh sperm. The aim of this work is to show the best available protocol for European eel handling, maturation, and sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G Herranz-Jusdado
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | - Eszter Kása
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent Istvan University
| | - Tímea Kollár
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent Istvan University
| | - Víctor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | - David S Peñaranda
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | - Christoffer Rozenfeld
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | - Luz Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent Istvan University
| | - Juan F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València;
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Nuclear and membrane progestin receptors in the European eel: Characterization and expression in vivo through spermatogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 207:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Kása E, Bernáth G, Kollár T, Żarski D, Lujić J, Marinović Z, Bokor Z, Hegyi Á, Urbányi B, Vílchez MC, Morini M, Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Asturiano JF, Horváth Á. Development of sperm vitrification protocols for freshwater fish (Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis) and marine fish (European eel, Anguilla anguilla). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 245:102-107. [PMID: 27174751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification was successfully applied to the sperm of two fish species, the freshwater Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and marine European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Sperm was collected, diluted in species-specific non-activating media and cryoprotectants and vitrified by plunging directly into liquid nitrogen without pre-cooling in its vapor. Progressive motility of fresh and vitrified-thawed sperm was evaluated with computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Additional sperm quality parameters such as sperm head morphometry parameters (in case of European eel) and fertilizing capacity (in case of Eurasian perch) were carried out to test the effectiveness of vitrification. The vitrification method for Eurasian perch sperm resulting the highest post-thaw motility (14±1.6%) was as follows: 1:5 dilution ratio, Tanaka extender, 30% cryoprotectant (15% methanol+15% propylene-glycol), cooling device: Cryotop, 2μl droplets, and for European eel sperm: dilution ratio 1:1, with 40% cryoprotectant (20% MeOH and 20% PG), and 10% FBS, cooling device: Cryotop, with 2μl of sperm suspension. Viable embryos were produced by fertilization with vitrified Eurasian perch sperm (neurulation: 2.54±1.67%). According to the ASMA analysis, no significant decrease in head area and perimeter of vitrified European eel spermatozoa were found when compared to fresh spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kása
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Bernáth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tímea Kollár
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Daniel Żarski
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoltán Bokor
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Árpád Hegyi
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - M Carmen Vílchez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Morini
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - David S Peñaranda
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luz Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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12
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Morini M, Peñaranda DS, Vílchez MC, Tveiten H, Lafont AG, Dufour S, Pérez L, Asturiano JF. The expression of nuclear and membrane estrogen receptors in the European eel throughout spermatogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 203:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Figueroa E, Valdebenito I, Merino O, Ubilla A, Risopatrón J, Farias JG. Cryopreservation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar sperm: effects on sperm physiology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1537-1550. [PMID: 27406003 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of freezing on the function in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spermatozoa. The semen was frozen in Cortland's medium + 1.3M dimethyl sulphoxide + 0.3M glucose + 2% bovine serum albumin (final concentration) in a ratio of 1:3 (semen:cryoprotectant) as the treatment (T) and fresh semen as the control (F). Straws of 0·5 ml of sperm suspension were frozen in 4 cm of N2 L. They were thawed in a thermoregulated bath (40° C). After thawing, the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA [transferase dUTP (deoxyuridine triphosphate) nick-end labelling (TUNEL)], plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨMMit, JC-1) were evaluated by flow cytometry and motility was evaluated by optical microscope under stroboscopic light. The fertilization rates of the control and treatment semen were tested at a sperm density of 1·5 × 10(7) spermatozoa oocyte(-1) , by observation of the first cleavages after 16 h incubation at 10° C. In the cryopreserved semen (T), the mean ± s.d. DNA fragmentation was 4·8 ± 2·5%; plasma membrane integrity 75·2 ± 6·3%; mitochondrial membrane potential 51·7 ± 3·6%; motility 58·5 ± 5·3%; curved line velocity (VCL ) 61·2 ± 17·4 µm s(-1) ; average-path velocity (VAP ) 50·1 ± 17·3 µm s(-1) ; straight-line velocity (VSL ) 59·1 ± 18·4 µm s(-1) ; fertilization rate 81·6 ± 1·9%. There were significant differences in the plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, motility, fertilization rate, VCL , VAP and VSL compared with the controls (P < 0·05). Also the mitochondrial membrane potential correlated with motility, fertilization rate, VCL and VSL (r = 0·75; r = 0·59; r = 0·77 and r = 0·79, respectively; P < 0·05); and the fertilization rate correlated with VCL and VSL (r = 0·59 and r = 0·55, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Figueroa
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - I Valdebenito
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - O Merino
- BIOREN-Center for Biotechnology in Reproduction, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Ubilla
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Risopatrón
- BIOREN-Center for Biotechnology in Reproduction, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - J G Farias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Vílchez MC, Santangeli S, Maradonna F, Gioacchini G, Verdenelli C, Gallego V, Peñaranda DS, Tveiten H, Pérez L, Carnevali O, Asturiano JF. Effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the expression of genes involved in European eel spermatogenesis. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1321-31. [PMID: 26271165 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Positive effects of probiotics on fish reproduction have been reported in several species. In the present study, 40 male European eels were weekly treated with recombinant hCG for 9 weeks and with three different concentrations (10(3), 10(5), and 10(6) CFU/mL) of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501 (Sinbyotec, Italy). The probiotics were daily added to the water from the sixth week of the hCG treatment. Males from the treated and control groups were sacrificed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of probiotic treatment (seventh-ninth weeks of hCG treatment); at this point, sperm and testis samples were also collected. Sperm volume was estimated, and motility was analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis software. Alternations in transcription of specific genes involved in reproductive process such as activin, androgen receptors α and β (arα and arβ), progesterone receptor 1 (pr1), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (bmp15), and FSH receptor (fshr) were analyzed in the testis. After 2 weeks of probiotic treatment, sperm production and sperm motility parameters (percentage of motile cells and percentage of straight-swimming spermatozoa) were increased in the European eel treated with 10(5) CFU/mL compared to controls or to the other probiotic doses. These changes were associated with increases in messenger RNA expression of activin, arα, arβ, pr1, and fshr. Conversely, after 3 weeks, activin and pr1 expression decreased. No significant changes were observed on bmp15 expression throughout the duration of the treatment with 10(5) CFU/mL dose. The lowest and highest probiotic dose (10(3) and 10(6) CFU/mL, respectively) inhibited the transcription of all genes along all the experiment, except for arα and arβ after 1 week of probiotic treatment when compared to controls. The changes observed by transcriptomic analysis and the sperm parameters suggest that a treatment with L rhamnosus at 10(5) CFU/mL for 2 weeks could improve spermatogenesis process in Anguilla anguilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Vílchez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefania Santangeli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Verdenelli
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Victor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - David S Peñaranda
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helge Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Luz Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Juan F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Gallego V, Vílchez MC, Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Herráez MP, Asturiano JF, Martínez-Pastor F. Subpopulation pattern of eel spermatozoa is affected by post-activation time, hormonal treatment and the thermal regimen. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:529-43. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a marked reduction in natural stocks of eels (genus Anguilla) over the past 60 years, and the culture of eels is still based on the capture of very large quantities of juveniles. It is necessary to close the life cycle in captivity in order to ease the pressure on wild populations. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sperm subpopulations (through cluster analysis of computer-aided sperm analysis data) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and to assess the effects of motility acquisition time after activation (i.e. at 30, 60 and 90 s), the thermal regimen (i.e. 10°C (T10) or 15°C (T15) and up to 20°C, or constant at 20°C (T20)) and hormonal treatments (i.e. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), recombinant (r) hCG or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)) on these subpopulations. In all cases, we obtained three subpopulations of spermatozoa: low velocity and linear (S1); high velocity with low linearity (S2); and high velocity and linear (S3; considered high quality). Total motility and S1 were affected by acquisition time; thus, 30 s is recommended as the standard time for motility acquisition. When eels were kept at 20°C (T20), motility data fitted quadratic models, with the highest motility and proportion of S3 between Weeks 8 and 12 after the first injection. Lower temperatures (T10, T15) delayed spermiation and the obtaining of high-quality spermatozoa (S3), but did not seem to alter the spermiation process (similar subpopulation pattern). Conversely, the hormonal treatments altered both the dynamics of the subpopulation pattern and the onset of spermiation (with PMSG delaying it). Total motility and the yield of S3 with the widely used hCG treatment varied throughout the spermiation period. However, using rhCG allowed us to obtain high-quality and constant motility for most of the study (Weeks 7–20), and the S3 yield was also higher overall (61.8 ± 1.3%; mean ± s.e.m.) and more stable over time than the other hormonal treatments (averaging 53.0 ± 1.4%). Using T20 and rhCG would be more economical and practical, allowing us to obtain a higher number of S3 spermatozoa over an extended time.
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16
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Vázquez-Alcocer A, Garzón-Cortes DL, Sánchez-Casas RM. LADES: a software for constructing and analyzing longitudinal designs in biomedical research. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100570. [PMID: 24983945 PMCID: PMC4077564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important steps in biomedical longitudinal studies is choosing a good experimental design that can provide high accuracy in the analysis of results with a minimum sample size. Several methods for constructing efficient longitudinal designs have been developed based on power analysis and the statistical model used for analyzing the final results. However, development of this technology is not available to practitioners through user-friendly software. In this paper we introduce LADES (Longitudinal Analysis and Design of Experiments Software) as an alternative and easy-to-use tool for conducting longitudinal analysis and constructing efficient longitudinal designs. LADES incorporates methods for creating cost-efficient longitudinal designs, unequal longitudinal designs, and simple longitudinal designs. In addition, LADES includes different methods for analyzing longitudinal data such as linear mixed models, generalized estimating equations, among others. A study of European eels is reanalyzed in order to show LADES capabilities. Three treatments contained in three aquariums with five eels each were analyzed. Data were collected from 0 up to the 12th week post treatment for all the eels (complete design). The response under evaluation is sperm volume. A linear mixed model was fitted to the results using LADES. The complete design had a power of 88.7% using 15 eels. With LADES we propose the use of an unequal design with only 14 eels and 89.5% efficiency. LADES was developed as a powerful and simple tool to promote the use of statistical methods for analyzing and creating longitudinal experiments in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Ladislao Garzón-Cortes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnica, Escobedo, Nuevo León, México; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rosa María Sánchez-Casas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnica, Escobedo, Nuevo León, México; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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17
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Gallego V, Pérez L, Asturiano JF, Yoshida M. Sperm motility parameters and spermatozoa morphometric characterization in marine species: a study of swimmer and sessile species. Theriogenology 2014; 82:668-76. [PMID: 25016411 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biodiversity of marine ecosystems is diverse and a high number of species coexist side by side. However, despite the fact that most of these species share a common fertilization strategy, a high variability in terms of the size, shape, and motion of spermatozoa can be found. In this study, we have analyzed both the sperm motion parameters and the spermatozoa morphometric features of two swimmer (pufferfish and European eel) and two sessile (sea urchin and ascidian) marine species. The most important differences in the sperm motion parameters were registered in the swimming period. Sessile species sperm displayed notably higher values than swimmer species sperm. In addition, the sperm motilities and velocities of the swimmer species decreased sharply once the sperm was activated, whereas the sessile species were able to maintain their initial values for a long time. These results are linked directly to the species-specific lifestyles. Although sessile organisms, which show limited or no movement, need sperm with a capacity to swim for long distances to find the oocytes, swimmer organisms can move toward the female and release gametes near it, and therefore the spermatozoa does not need to swim for such a long time. At the same time, sperm morphology is related to sperm motion parameters, and in this study an in-depth morphometric analysis of ascidian, sea urchin, and pufferfish spermatozoa, using computer-assisted sperm analysis software, has been carried out for the first time. A huge variability in shapes, sizes, and structures of the studied species was found using electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Japan
| | - L Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - J F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Japan
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18
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Sørensen SR, Gallego V, Pérez L, Butts IAE, Tomkiewicz J, Asturiano JF. Evaluation of Methods to Determine Sperm Density for the European eel,Anguilla anguilla. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:936-44. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SR Sørensen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources; Technical University of Denmark; Charlottenlund Denmark
| | - V Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia Spain
| | - L Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia Spain
| | - IAE Butts
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources; Technical University of Denmark; Charlottenlund Denmark
| | - J Tomkiewicz
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources; Technical University of Denmark; Charlottenlund Denmark
| | - JF Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal; Universitat Politècnica de València; Valencia Spain
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19
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Gallego V, Carneiro P, Mazzeo I, Vílchez M, Peñaranda D, Soler C, Pérez L, Asturiano J. Standardization of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) sperm motility evaluation by CASA software. Theriogenology 2013; 79:1034-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Comparison of two techniques for the morphometry study on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) spermatozoa and evaluation of changes induced by cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1078-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Schiavone R, Zilli L, Storelli C, Vilella S. Changes in hormonal profile, gonads and sperm quality of Argyrosomus regius (Pisces, Scianidae) during the first sexual differentiation and maturation. Theriogenology 2012; 77:888-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Pérez L, Peñaranda DS, Dufour S, Baloche S, Palstra AP, Van Den Thillart GEEJM, Asturiano JF. Influence of temperature regime on endocrine parameters and vitellogenesis during experimental maturation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) females. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 174:51-9. [PMID: 21871894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of temperature in European silver eels during their maturation induced by injections of carp pituitary extract on endocrine parameters: pituitary fshβ and lhβ expression, plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin, estrogen receptor 1 (esr1), and vitellogenin 2 (vtg2) expression in liver. A variable thermal regime (T10) that increased from 10° to 14° and 17°C was compared with a constant 20°C regime (T20) during 12 weeks. T10 caused a faster development until week 8, higher fshβ, lhβ, esr1 expression, and higher E2 levels. The results strongly suggest that T10 is inducing a higher endogenous FSH level which increases the E2 circulating level during vitellogenesis. A variable thermal regime induced an fshβ expression and E2 profile in vitellogenic hormonally matured eel females that were more similar to the profile observed in other naturally maturing fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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23
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Oliveira K, Hable WE. Artificial maturation, fertilization, and early development of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata). CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spawning for the American eel ( Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur, 1817)) takes place in secretive locations within the Sargasso Sea, which has thus far prevented investigations of gametogenesis and early development in this ecologically and commercially important species. Attempts to induce maturation and reproduction in this species have been few and have produced limited results, with a single report of the production of gastrula-stage embryos. Here we report the successful maturation of female American eels. Maturation occurred within 13 weeks and ovulation was induced with a single injection of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). Following in vitro fertilization, embryogenesis through hatching was observed and larvae were maintained for up to 6 days. We show that a crucial factor for successful fertilization is the stage of the oocyte at the time of induced ovulation. Oocytes that had not reached the migratory nucleus stage, or had passed this stage, were not successfully fertilized. These findings demonstrate that American eel can reproduce in the laboratory and previously untestable hypotheses pertaining to the developmental biology of this elusive species can now be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Oliveira
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Biology, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - W. E. Hable
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Biology, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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24
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Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Gallego V, Jover M, Tveiten H, Baloche S, Dufour S, Asturiano JF. Molecular and physiological study of the artificial maturation process in European eel males: from brain to testis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 166:160-71. [PMID: 19699741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
European eel males can be artificially matured (1.5IU hCG/g fish), but the regulatory mechanisms of their reproductive development are practically unknown. Spermatogenic stages (S1-S6), biometric characters [eye index (EI), gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI)] and sperm quality parameters (motility, viability and head spermatozoa morphometry) were analysed. Moreover, the present study evaluated the expression of GnRHs (mammal and chicken II Gonadotropin Release Hormone I) and gonadotrophins (FSHbeta and LHbeta) during hormonal treatment, as well as 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and 17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20beta-P) plasma levels. One week was enough to observe the S2 of gonad development, but it was necessary to reach the 7th week of treatment to obtain animals that presented the most advanced stage of development (S6). Differential regulation of the two GnRH expressions was found, supporting the main role of mGnRH in the control of gonadotrophin release. One hCG injection was enough to dramatically decrease the FSHbeta expression, being close to zero during the rest of the treatment. LHbeta expression and 17,20beta-P registered a significant increase in the same stage of development, S3/4, confirming the role of this gonadotrophin in the last steps of maturation and 17,20beta-P in the spermatozoa maturation. The 11-KT increased with GSI, and the highest 11-KT values coincided with the advanced steps of spermatogenesis prior to spermiation. Being consistent with the known role of the steroid in these processes. Furthermore, this study supports a role for 11-KT in stimulating eye growth, presenting high values when EI increased. Sperm production was obtained from the 4th week of treatment, but it was in the 8th week when a significant increase was observed in sperm quality [viability, high motility (>75%)].
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Peñaranda
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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25
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Peñaranda D, Pérez L, Gallego V, Jover M, Asturiano J. Improvement of European eel sperm cryopreservation method by preventing spermatozoa movement activation caused by cryoprotectants. Cryobiology 2009; 59:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Gallego V, Barrera R, Jover M, Asturiano JF. European Eel Sperm Diluent for Short-term Storage. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:407-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Asturiano JF, Marco-Jiménez F, Peñaranda DS, Garzón DL, Pérez L, Vicente JS, Jover M. Effect of Sperm Cryopreservation on the European Eel Sperm Viability and Spermatozoa Morphology. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 42:162-6. [PMID: 17348973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present work was to study the effect of cryopreservation of European eel sperm both on the sperm viability and the spermatozoa head morphology. Spermatozoa morphology was evaluated with computer-assisted morphology analysis after collection in fresh samples, after adding the freezing medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectant and, finally, after the cryopreservation process and thawing. Cell viability was assessed, in both fresh and thawed samples, by Hoechst 33258 staining. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was used to determine the percentage of motile cells and to measure motility parameters in sperm samples. A significant decrease of head perimeter (12.56%) and area (17.90%) was detected from spermatozoa in fresh to thawed samples, indicating that cells do not recover the original size after the cryopreservation process. CASA was used to measure the percentage of motile cells (51.9%) and spermatozoa motility parameters such as curvilinear, straight line and angular path velocities, as well as beating cross frequency. This technique was employed in the fresh sperm samples but proteins present at the freezing medium (L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine) made impossible to use this last technique in thawed samples. When sperm viability was assessed by Hoechst staining, a significant decrease of approximately 15% (73.10 vs 58.26%) of alive spermatozoa was registered from fresh to thawed samples. The percentage of motile cells measured by CASA in fresh samples (51.9%) was lower than the percentage of alive cells determined by Hoechst stainning, suggesting the existence of different batches of spermatozoa in different stages of development, even during the eight to tenth weeks of treatment, when the highest sperm quality was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Asturiano
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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28
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Marco-Jiménez F, Garzón DL, Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Viudes-de-Castro MP, Vicente JS, Jover M, Asturiano JF. Cryopreservation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa: Effect of dilution ratio, foetal bovine serum supplementation, and cryoprotectants. Cryobiology 2006; 53:51-7. [PMID: 16712830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sperm freezing medium dilution ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:5 v/v), two cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulphoxide (Me(2)SO) and methanol (MeOH), and the addition of foetal bovine serum (FBS) on the cryopreservation of European eel sperm. The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing post-thawing viability with fluorescent staining (Hoechst bisbenzimide 33258) and the spermatozoa head morphometry, determined with computer-assisted morphology analysis (ASMA). The 1:5 (v/v) dilution ratio resulted in a lower viability in comparison with 1:1 and 1:2 (52.8+/-2.3% vs. 67.4+/-2.3% and 65.1+/-2.3%, respectively, p=0.0001), but without effects on the head morphology. Although the viability was not significantly different between Me(2)SO and MeOH (60.4+/-1.9 vs. 63.2+/-1.9%, respectively, p=0.305), a decrease of spermatozoa head area and perimeter was found when spermatozoa were frozen with methanol (6.19+/-0.01 vs. 6.36+/-0.01 microm(2) and 17.28+/-0.05 vs. 17.49+/-0.05 microm, for area and perimeter and MeOH and Me(2)SO, respectively, p=0.0001). Finally, a higher viability (75.1+/-1.7 vs. 48.5+/-1.7, with or without FBS, respectively, p=0.0001) and higher spermatozoa head size (6.40+/-0.01 vs. 6.15+/-0.01microm(2) and 17.88+/-0.05 vs. 16.89+/-0.05 microm, for area and perimeter, with or without FBS, respectively, p=0.0001) were found when cells were frozen-thawed in freezing media supplemented with FBS. Based on the above findings, dilution ratios lower than 1:5 (v/v) and the addition of serum improved the viability results after cryopreservation. Future studies are required in order to understand the spermatozoa membrane interchange mechanisms in response to the changes in spermatozoa head size caused by cryoprotectants and freezing media supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marco-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Polígono de la Esperanza N degree 100, 12400 Segorbe, Spain
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