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In vitro Production of Porcine Embryos: Current Status and Possibilities – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents the current possibilities, state of knowledge and prospects of in vitro production (IVP) of pig embryos, which consists of in vitro oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro embryo culture. In pigs, oocyte maturation is one of the most important stages in the embryo IVP process. It determines the oocyte’s fertilization ability as well as its embryonic development. Through many research studies of the proper selection of oocytes and appropriate maturation medium composition (especially the addition of various supplements), the in vitro maturation of pig oocytes has been significantly improved. Recent studies have demonstrated that modifications of the diluents and in vitro fertilization media can reduce polyspermy. Furthermore, several adjustments of the porcine culture media with the addition of some supplements have enhanced the embryo quality and developmental competence. These updates show the progress of IVP in pigs that has been achieved; however, many problems remain unsolved.
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2
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Teixeira M, Commin L, Gavin-Plagne L, Bruyère P, Buff S, Joly T. Rapid cooling of rabbit embryos in a synthetic medium. Cryobiology 2018; 85:113-119. [PMID: 30048627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Embryo cryopreservation media usually contain animal-derived products, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). These products present two major disadvantages: an undefined variable composition and a risk of pathogen transmission. We aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing BSA in rabbit embryo rapid cooling "freezing" and warming media with a chemically defined medium with no animal-derived products: STEM ALPHA. Cryo3 ("Cryo3"). A total of 1540 rabbit morulae were divided into three cryopreservation groups (group 1: BSA, group 2: 20% Cryo3 and group 3: 100% Cryo3) and a fresh controls group. After rapid cooling, embryos were cultured (in vitro approach), or transferred into synchronized does (in vivo approach). In the in vitro approach, post-warm survival rates obtained with 100% Cryo3 (94.9%) were superior to BSA (90.8%) and 20% Cryo3 (85.6%). The blastocyst formation rate was similar between BSA, 20% Cryo3 and 100% Cryo3 groups (85.1, 77.9 and 83.3%, respectively), as was the expansion/hatching rate (63.1, 63.4 and 58.0%, respectively) and embryo mitochondrial activity. In the in vivo approach, pregnancy (80.0, 68.0 and 95.2%, respectively), implantation (40.5, 45.9 and 44.8%, respectively), and live-foetus rates (35.6, 35.5 and 38.1%, respectively) were similar between the three groups. To conclude, Cryo3 can replace BSA in rabbit embryo rapid cooling "freezing" and warming media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Teixeira
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction cellule environnement, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Loris Commin
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction cellule environnement, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Lucie Gavin-Plagne
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction cellule environnement, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Pierre Bruyère
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction cellule environnement, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Samuel Buff
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction cellule environnement, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Thierry Joly
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction cellule environnement, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, ISARA-Lyon, Lyon, France
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3
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Hosoe M, Inaba Y, Hashiyada Y, Imai K, Kajitani K, Hasegawa Y, Irie M, Teramoto H, Takahashi T, Niimura S. Effect of supplemented sericin on the development, cell number, cryosurvival and number of lipid droplets in cultured bovine embryos. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:241-247. [PMID: 27255434 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sericin was investigated as an alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for bovine embryo culture. In vitro matured oocytes were developed using 0.05%, 0.1% or 0.15% sericin. The developmental rate, cryosurvival rate and blastulation time of these embryos were compared with those of embryos developed using 5% FBS. The number of lipid droplets was compared among the blastocysts developed using 5% FBS, using 0.05% sericin and in vivo. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation was similar among all groups. Blastulation occurred significantly earlier in the embryos developed using 5% FBS than in those developed using sericin at any concentration (P < 0.05). At 72 h after thawing, the cryosurvival rate of the blastocysts developed using 5% FBS and 0.05% sericin were significantly higher compared with those developed using 0.1% and 0.15% sericin (P < 0.05). The blastocysts developed using 0.05% sericin and in vivo produced a significantly fewer number of medium and large lipid droplets than those developed using 5% FBS. These results suggest that the blastocysts developed using 0.05% sericin show characteristics similar to those of the blastocysts developed in vivo and that the use of sericin as an alternative to FBS is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Hosoe
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Inaba
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Kato, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kei Imai
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Kajitani
- National Institute of Livestock and Glassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasegawa
- National Institute of Livestock and Glassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mamoru Irie
- National Institute of Livestock and Glassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Toru Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Sueo Niimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Vargas Reyes JN, Chacón Jaramillo L. Cryopreservation method and composition of the vitrification solution affect viability of in vitro bovine embryos. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2016. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v29n2a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Changes in tri-methylation profile of lysines 4 and 27 of histone H3 in bovine blastocysts after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2015; 71:481-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Sastre D, da Costa NN, de Sá ALA, Conceição SDB, Chiaratti MR, Adona PR, Guemra S, Meirelles FV, Santos SDSD, Sena L, Ohashi OM, dos Santos EJM, Miranda MDS. Expression of PLIN2 and PLIN3 during oocyte maturation and early embryo development in cattle. Theriogenology 2013; 81:326-31. [PMID: 24210669 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro-produced embryos store high lipid content in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD), and reduction or removal of LD has been demonstrated to improve freeze-thaw viability. The Perilipin Adipophilin Tail-interacting Protein of 47 kD (PAT) family of proteins is involved in the formation and regulation of LD in many cell types, but their presence has not been addressed either in cattle oocytes or preimplantation embryos. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the expression of PAT family transcripts (Perilipin-2 [PLIN2] and Perilipin-3 [PLIN3]) in immature and in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes, and in in vitro-produced embryos at the stages of two to four cells, eight to 16 cells, morulae (MO), and blastocyst (BL). The expression of PLIN3 was downregulated in response to IVM, and PLIN2 was comparatively more expressed than PLIN3 in IVM oocytes (P < 0.001). During the early stages of embryo development, PLIN2 expression reached its peak at the MO stage (P < 0.001) and decreased again at the BL stage. In contrast, PLIN3 was expressed in low levels during the earliest stages of development, slightly upregulated at the MO stage (P < 0.05), and greatly increased its expression at the BL stage (15-fold; P < 0.001). PLIN3 was comparatively more expressed than PLIN2 during embryo culture in most stages analyzed (P < 0.05), except in eight- to 16-cell embryos. These results indicate that PLIN2 might be involved in the maintenance of lipid stocks necessary to support embryo development after fertilization of IVM oocytes. Also, we hypothesize that PLIN3 is the main PAT protein responsible for stabilization of LD formed in consequence of the acute lipid load seen during embryo development. We confirmed the presence of both PLIN2 and PLIN3 proteins in BL at Day 7 using immunocytochemistry: these PAT proteins colocalized with LD stained with BODIPY. PLIN3 seemed to be more ubiquitously spread out in the cytoplasm than PLIN2, consistent with the pattern seen in adipocytes. These findings suggest that both elderly (bigger) and newly formed (smaller) LD, positive for PLIN2 and PLIN3 respectively, coexist in blastocysts. To our knowledge this is the first report showing that transcripts of the PAT family are present in cattle oocytes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sastre
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Roberto Adona
- Universidade Norte do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil; Agropecuária Laffranchi, Tamarana, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Samuel Guemra
- Universidade Norte do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil; Agropecuária Laffranchi, Tamarana, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Leonardo Sena
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Otávio Mitio Ohashi
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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Improved cryopreservation of in vitro-produced bovine embryos using a chemically defined freezing medium. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim Y, Uhm S, Gupta M, Yang J, Lim JG, Das Z, Heo Y, Chung HJ, Kong IK, Kim NH, Lee H, Ko D. Successful vitrification of bovine blastocysts on paper container. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1085-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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T'Joen V, Cornelissen R. Xeno-free plant-derived hydrolysate-based freezing of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1716-25. [PMID: 21867427 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are one of the most interesting cell types for tissue engineering and cell therapy. The large-scale banking of hESCs for research and future clinical application requires economic, defined, and xeno-free cryopreservation protocols. In this study, the possibility to substitute knockout serum replacement (KO-SR) in the cryopreservation process with vegetal and synthetic hydrolysates was investigated. To our knowledge, the use of hydrolysates in hESC cryopreservation has not been yet explored. Initially, 3 different hydrolysates (Ultrapep Soy, Hypep 4601 and EX-CELL(®) CD Hydrolysate Fusion) were tested in the cryopreservation solution. A concentration of 8 mg/mL EX-CELL CD Hydrolysate Fusion in the cryopreservation solution leads to the highest recovery ratio; thus, this solution was selected for additional cryopreservation experiments. To ensure reproducibility of the results, 3 hESC lines (HS181, H9, and BG01) were used. The hESCs were collected prefreezing by application of collagenase IV and cell dissociation solution. Experiments showed that it was feasible to substitute the KO-SR in both the cryopreservation solution as the thawing solution. The obtained recovery ratios were comparable to those obtained with KO-SR (no statistical significant difference; Student's t-test, P<0.05). Further optimization protocols showed a doubling of the obtained recovery ratio after addition of Rock-inhibitor Y-27632 post-thawing. The expansion profile and pluripotency analysis revealed no changes in normal hESC behavior. We conclude that the application of vegetal or synthetic hydrolysates is suitable for xeno-free hESC cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique T'Joen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University-UGent, Gent, Belgium.
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Vitrification of ICSI- and IVF-derived bovine blastocysts by minimum volume cooling procedure: effect of developmental stage and age. Theriogenology 2010; 74:1028-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sanchez-Osorio J, Cuello C, Gil MA, Parrilla I, Maside C, Almiñana C, Lucas X, Roca J, Vazquez JM, Martinez EA. Vitrification and warming of in vivo-derived porcine embryos in a chemically defined medium. Theriogenology 2009; 73:300-8. [PMID: 19913897 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a protocol for vitrification and warming of porcine embryos in a chemically defined medium. A total of 663 morulae and blastocysts were collected from weaned crossbred sows (Large White-Landrace) 5 to 6 d after estrus and vitrified with the Superfine Open Pulled Straw method. In Experiment 1, embryos were vitrified using as a basic medium TCM-199-HEPES supplemented with 20% newborn calf serum (NBCS) or with 0, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Nonvitrified embryos were used as a fresh control group. Survival and hatching rates were evaluated after 72 h of in vitro culture to assess embryo viability. In addition, some hatched blastocysts derived from morulae and blastocysts were processed to determine the total cell number and the cell proliferating index as measures of their quality. Within each stage of embryo development, the different vitrification groups and the fresh control group showed similar high embryo survival (range, 70.5+/-7.1% to 84.9+/-8.1% and 85.3+/-8.1% to 98.4+/-8.2% for morulae and blastocysts, respectively) and hatching rate (range, 46.3+/-10.1% to 66.7+/-11.2% and 73.7+/-11.3% to 89.4+/-11.2% for morulae and blastocysts, respectively) and quality after in vitro culture. In Experiment 2, embryos were vitrified using 0.1% PVA and warmed with TCM-199-HEPES-0.13 M sucrose supplemented with 20% NBCS or either 0 or 0.1% PVA. Nonvitrified embryos were used as a fresh control group. As in Experiment 1, no significant differences were detected in embryo survival (range, 67.9+/-6.6% to 74.5+/-6.6% and 91.9+/-7.0% to 99.5+/-6.3% for morulae and blastocysts, respectively) and hatching rate (range, 47.0+/-7.2% to 64.8+/-9.9% and 89.4+/-7.4% to 98.2+/-6.9% for morulae and blastocysts, respectively) and quality among the warming groups or among vitrified and fresh control embryos. In both experiments, the developmental embryo stage influenced the survival and hatching rates, as well as the number of cells (P<0.01), with the blastocyst stage yielding the best results. In conclusion, PVA can be used as a substitute for serum in vitrification and warming solutions without detrimental effects on the in vitro development of in vivo-derived porcine morulae and blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanchez-Osorio
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Scheuerer B. Factors and methods of pig oocyte and embryo quality improvement and their application in reproductive biotechnology. Reprod Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1642-431x(12)60020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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George F, Kerschen D, Van Nuffel A, Rees JF, Donnay I. Plant protein hydrolysates (plant peptones) as substitutes for animal proteins in embryo culture medium. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:587-98. [DOI: 10.1071/rd08147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to improve the sanitary quality of in vitro-produced bovine embryos by using plant protein hydrolysates (plant peptones) as substitutes for animal proteins. Peptones were compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the protein source in synthetic oviduct fluid medium and the quality of the resulting embryos was determined. Two batches of peptones (wheat and cotton) were selected on the basis of their anti-oxidant properties. When added to the culture medium, both peptones (at 0.56 mg mL–1 for cotton peptone and at 0.18 mg mL–1 for wheat peptone) led to similar developmental and hatching rates compared with 4 mg mL–1 BSA and embryos were equally resistant to freezing and able to elongate after transfer. Surprisingly, a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content was observed when embryos were produced with plant peptone instead of BSA. Supplementation of the culture medium with precursors of GSH (cysteine and β-mercaptoethanol) significantly increased the GSH content. A shift of the sex ratio towards male embryos was seen for Day 8 embryos cultured with wheat peptone, whereas no shift was observed for embryos cultured in the presence of BSA or polyvinylpyrrolidone. In conclusion, culture with plant peptones enables embryos to be obtained at a similar rate and of similar quality to that seen following the use of BSA. The use of the plant peptones increased the sanitary quality of the embryos and decreased the cost of embryo production.
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George F, Daniaux C, Genicot G, Verhaeghe B, Lambert P, Donnay I. Set up of a serum-free culture system for bovine embryos: embryo development and quality before and after transient transfer. Theriogenology 2008; 69:612-23. [PMID: 18242668 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that serum in culture medium negatively affects blastocyst quality. The objective of this work was to develop and test a serum-free culture medium which could improve embryo quality, measured by the resistance to freezing, lipid and glutathione content of the resulting blastocysts, as well as the ability of the blastocysts to elongate after transient transfer to recipient cows. In a first experiment we showed that adding a mixture of insulin, transferrin and selenium to serum-free Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium (SOF-ITS) improved embryo development and quality. In the second experiment, the addition of BSA to SOF-ITS further improved blastocyst development. Moreover, a reduction in lipid content of morulae was observed in SOF-ITS-BSA by comparison with morulae cultured with serum (SOF-FCS). The resistance to freezing measured by hatching rates 24h post-thawing was also improved for blastocysts with a diameter between 160 and 180 microm cultured in SOF-ITS-BSA by comparison to those produced with serum. In order to evaluate the redox potential of the embryos, reduced glutathione content (GSH) was evaluated both before and after cryopreservation. A significant decrease in glutathione was observed after freezing, whatever the culture medium, but no difference was observed between culture conditions. Transient transfers were performed and elongated D-13 embryos were recovered. Elongation was more pronounced and the embryonic disk more often visible in embryos cultured in SOF-ITS-BSA than in embryos cultured with FCS. In conclusion, the serum-free system we developed to produce in vitro bovine embryos meets the developmental and qualitative requirements for a large-scale use.
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Affiliation(s)
- F George
- Catholic University of Louvain, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Unité des Sciences Vétérinaires, Place Croix du Sud 5 Box 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Van Soom A, Imberechts H, Delahaut P, Thiry E, Van Roy V, Walravens K, Roels S, Saegerman C. Sanitary control in bovine embryo transfer How far should we go? A review. Vet Q 2007; 29:2-17. [PMID: 17471787 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2007.9695223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo transfer is a globally executed technique which, when properly done, has both economic and sanitary advantages. International guidelines are available to prevent infection of the embryo with pathogens, both originating from the donor animals as from the environment. This manuscript describes the bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and prions that are of major concern in the context of embryo transfer in cattle. In addition, the actual scientific knowledge on these pathogens is evaluated in terms of the current international and national guidelines and legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Soom
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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