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Souza-Fabjan JMG, Oliveira MEF, Guimarães MPP, Brandão FZ, Bartlewski PM, Fonseca JF. Review: Non-surgical artificial insemination and embryo recovery as safe tools for genetic preservation in small ruminants. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100787. [PMID: 37567658 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) and in vivo embryo production (or multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, MOET) programs are both instrumental in accelerating the propagation of genetically and economically superior goats and sheep. The aim of this review was to present the current gestalt of non-surgical AI and embryo recovery (NSER) procedures in small ruminants. Small body size, precluding rectal palpation, and highly limited penetrability of the uterine cervix in ewes are the major reasons for the scarce use of non-surgical assisted reproduction techniques in this species. As a result, AI and embryo recovery techniques in sheep mainly involve laparoscopy or laparotomy (LAP). In does, however, the Embrapa method of AI allows for successful intrauterine deposition of semen, resulting in pregnancy rates from 50 to 80% under field conditions (>3 000 goats inseminated) when frozen-thawed semen is used. After the administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), non-surgical (transcervical) embryo recovery is also feasible in goats, with the cervical penetration rate approaching 100%. There is a paucity of information on the efficacy of non-surgical AI using frozen semen in sheep, but the results are satisfactory with fresh, cooled, or chilled ram semen. An application of the NSER technique in ewes has greatly improved over the last decade, and cervical penetration rates of ∼90% can be achieved when a hormonal cervical dilation protocol using PGF2α, oxytocin, and/or estradiol ester (e.g., estradiol benzoate) is applied. In some genotypes of sheep, sufficient cervical dilation can be induced without estradiol ester included in the protocol. Several studies indicated that recovery of transferable quality ovine embryos using NSER is comparable to that employing a ventral midline laparotomy, and NSER is evidently a method of choice when animal welfare is concerned. Considering both the number of retrievable embryos and animal well-being, the NSER is a viable alternative for surgical procedures. With further developments, it has the makings of a primary, if not exclusive, embryo recovery technique in small ruminants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M G Souza-Fabjan
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Cep 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - M E F Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - M P P Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Cep 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Z Brandão
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Cep 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - P M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J F Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Rodovia MG 133, Km 42, Cep 36155000, Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil
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Novelties in Ovine Assisted Reproductive Technologies – A Review. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) as a part of assisted reproductive technologies represents the oldest and most widespread method used to accelerate genetic progress in all domestic animals. After its first implementation in ovine reproduction and almost 80 years afterward, AI is continuously used for improving the genetic merit, utilizing either fresh or short-time chilled semen. Nevertheless, regardless of the semen used for insemination, the conception rate (CR) is still lower in comparison to natural service. At least two factors are commonly thought to limit the success of the AI and reduce the CR: (1) failure of placing the semen directly into the uterus due to the specific anatomic structure of the ewe’s cervix; (2) lower viability of ram spermatozoa during cryopreservation (<30% progressively motile spermatozoa after thawing). This review elaborates on recent studies that aimed to achieve acceptable CR through the implementation of cervical or intrauterine insemination: deep intracervical, intrauterine trans-cervical, and intracornual. Several hormonal treatments (oxytocin, estrogen, or prostaglandin) were evaluated on inducing cervical dilation that facilitates insemination. A comprehensive analysis was given to the effects of several antioxidants (GSSG, GSH, and cysteine) supplemented in ram semen-freezing media. Sex-sorted ram semen fertility rate results were presented from our studies.
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The Design of a New Catheter for Transcervical Artificial Insemination in Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123348. [PMID: 34944124 PMCID: PMC8698084 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovine species, transcervical artificial insemination (TCAI) is limited by the poor quality of frozen-thawed semen and by the convoluted cervical lumen hampering the passage of inseminating devices. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of three newly designed catheters with bent tips of 3.5 mm, 5.0 mm or 8.0 mm in terms of reproductive performances (experiment 1) and to compare the results of TCAI with the best performing catheter of experiment 1 to those obtained in ewes submitted to surgical incision of cervical folds (SICF) prior to insemination (experiment 2). The following parameters were assessed: time to pass the cervix; depth of cervical penetration; site of deposition of semen; pregnancy (PR); and lambing rates (LR). The results of experiment 1 indicated that the 5.0 mm tip catheter resulted in deeper and faster TCAI and higher PR and LR compared to 3.5 mm and 8.0 mm tip catheters (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, TCAI with the 5.0 mm catheter did not differ from TCAI after SICF in terms of depth of semen deposition, time to pass the cervix, PR and LR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of a catheter that allowed transcervical uterine deposition of semen without excessive manipulation led to satisfactory pregnancy rates.
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Padilha-Nakaghi LC, Uscategui RAR, Oliveira MEF, Nociti RP, Macente BI, Coutinho LN, Nakaghi EYO, Motta GA, Santos VJC, Maciel GS, Mariano RSG, Barros FFPC, Primo FL, Tedesco AC, Vicente WRR. Local α1-adrenergic blockers: An alternative for sheep cervix dilation? Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 222:106609. [PMID: 33002660 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate transcervical artificial insemination in sheep, the effects of local treatment with α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on cervix dilation and hemodynamics were evaluated. Ewes (n = 7) were subjected to oestrous synchronisation every 40 days and assigned to treatments in a Latin square experimental design (seven animals × seven periods) with a factorial treatment arrangement (A × B), Factors A (prazosin or tamsulosin) and B (1, 2, or 4 mg/animal). Ewes of the six treatment groups (P1, P2, P4, T1, T2, and T4) were administered α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists while those of the control group (CG) were administered only α1-adrenergic antagonist carrier agent. Distance that the transcervical catheter penetrated without cervical resistance, mean arterial pressure, and uterine artery dopplerfluxometry were evaluated before and after 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 h of treatment. Catheter penetration distance was greater in ewes of the T4 and P4 groups (P < 0.01), with there being a positive correlation between dose and distance (r = 0.243). The penetration distance was similar (P = 0.84) for treated groups, with the greatest penetration occurring 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment (P < 0.01). The passage into the uterine lumen was greater (P = 0.013) in ewes of the P4 (17.9 %) and T4 (19.6 %) groups. There were no effects on blood pressure or uterine blood flow (P> 0.05). These preliminary results indicate there are benefits of treatment with 4 mg/animal of tamsulosin or prazosin in catheter passage through the sheep cervix 2-6 h after administration without hemodynamic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C Padilha-Nakaghi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A R Uscategui
- Instituto de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Unaí, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Emilia F Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária-ZMV, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Beatrice I Macente
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro N Coutinho
- Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal (ISPA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Y O Nakaghi
- Coordenadoria de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de São Paulo (CDA/SSA-SP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A Motta
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor J C Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna S Maciel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata S G Mariano
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe F P C Barros
- Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Primo
- Departamento de Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina, Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia Tecidual, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de SãoPaulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilter R R Vicente
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Leethongdee S, Thuangsanthia A, Khalid M. Topical application of cervix with hyaluronan improves fertility in goats inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:985-992. [PMID: 32898956 PMCID: PMC8100488 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Artificial insemination plays an important role in genetic improvement in the goat farming system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cervical application of hyaluronan (HA) on the fertility in goats after cervical artificial insemination using frozen-thawed (F-T) semen. Methods After oestrous synchronisation with progesterone sponges and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin injection, both nulli- and multi-parous goats, were randomly allocated to 2 groups, and were inseminated with 0.25 mL of F-T semen (150×106 spermatozoa) twice at 52 h and 56 h after sponge removal. Prior to the insemination, goats in Group 1 only were given topical cervical HA application at 48 h after sponge removal. Site of insemination was recorded as os-cervix or intra-cervix or intra-uterus. Pregnancy was tested ultrasonographically 42 days after insemination. The data on pregnancy rates and percentage of animals according to the site of semen deposition were compared by Chi-square analysis. Results The overall pregnancy rate was significantly (p<0.004) higher in goats with prior application to the cervix with HA (63.3%) than without (36.0%). Same pattern was observed in the pregnancy rates of nulli- and multi-parous goats in both the groups. Percentage of nulliparous goats according to the site of insemination in the HA group did not differ between first and the second insemination. However, in multiparous goats the percentage of animals inseminated intra-cervically was significantly increased (p≤0.05) between the first and the second inseminations. Conclusion The results suggest that significantly higher fertility rate in the “HA goats” compared to the “without HA” group was because of deeper insemination facilitated by topical cervical application of HA. The deeper insemination into the cervical canal increase the rate of fertilisation when the cervical artificial insemination is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Leethongdee
- The Reproduction in Domestic Animal Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Anone Thuangsanthia
- Embryo Transfer Technology Development and Reproductive Cell Research Center, Department of Livestock Development, Nakorn Ratchasima 30130, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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Pau S, Falchi L, Ledda M, Pivato I, Valentino M, Bogliolo L, Ariu F, Zedda MT. Reproductive Performance Following Transcervical Insemination with Frozen Thawed Semen in Ewes Submitted to Surgical Incision of Cervical Folds (SICF): Comparison with Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010108. [PMID: 31936444 PMCID: PMC7022337 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The anatomical barriers of the female reproductive tract and the low quality of the frozen thawed semen of rams are limiting factors in spreading superior genotypes in the ovine species. Artificial insemination (AI) is therefore mostly performed by laparoscopy. The surgical incision of cervical folds (SICF) has been demonstrated to allow transcervical intrauterine semen deposition. Here we present data regarding pregnancy (PR) and lambing (LR) rates obtained by transcervical AI following SICF, compared to those obtained by laparoscopic AI using frozen thawed semen. The results showed that in 89.7% of ewes submitted to SICF intrauterine, the deposition of semen was allowed. Moreover, in both experimental groups, the PR and LR were similar. These observations suggest that SICF could represent a valid preliminary procedure to allow transcervical AI in animals of superior genotypes contributing to genetic improvement. Abstract Transcervical artificial insemination (AI) after the surgical incision of cervical folds (SICF) could represent a valid alternative to laparoscopic AI when frozen thawed semen is used. The aim of this experiment was to compare pregnancy (PR) and lambing rates (LR) of ewes submitted either to transcervical AI after SICF or to laparoscopic AI using frozen thawed semen. Pregnant at term ewes (n = 80) were allocated in two experimental groups. After lambing, one group (n = 39) was submitted to SICF. The remaining ewes that were regularly lambed were allocated to the group of laparoscopic AI (n = 40). Six months later, oestrous cycle of both experimental groups was synchronised and all ewes were artificially inseminated with frozen thawed semen. Ewes submitted to SICF underwent transcervical insemination and intrauterine deposition of semen was recorded. The remaining animals were submitted to laparoscopic AI. Pregnancy and LR were recorded. Intrauterine deposition of semen was possible in 89.7% pf ewes submitted to SICF. This group showed similar PR and LR compared to the laparoscopic group (respectively: PR, 71.8% vs. 70% and LR, 64.1% vs. 65%; p > 0.05). Transcervical AI after SICF may represent a valid alternative to laparoscopy in AI protocols requiring the use of frozen thawed semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna n.2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.V.); (L.B.); (F.A.); (M.T.Z.)
- Centro di Competenza Biodiversità Animale, viale Adua 2/c, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Falchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna n.2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.V.); (L.B.); (F.A.); (M.T.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mauro Ledda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna n.2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.V.); (L.B.); (F.A.); (M.T.Z.)
| | - Ivo Pivato
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Brasilia, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Melosu Valentino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna n.2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.V.); (L.B.); (F.A.); (M.T.Z.)
| | - Luisa Bogliolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna n.2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.V.); (L.B.); (F.A.); (M.T.Z.)
| | - Federica Ariu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna n.2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.V.); (L.B.); (F.A.); (M.T.Z.)
| | - Maria Teresa Zedda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna n.2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.V.); (L.B.); (F.A.); (M.T.Z.)
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Ay SS, Aslan S, Önyay F, Kaya D, Koldaş E, Arslan S, Fındık M. Effect of oral misoprostol, alone or in combination with aglepristone, on mid-term pregnancy termination in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:714-722. [PMID: 30230409 PMCID: PMC10814293 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18797139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol (MIS) administration in the induction of mid-term pregnancy termination in cats. METHODS Twenty-eight cats that were pregnant for 30-40 days were allocated to four groups. The aglepristone (AGL) group (n = 7) received 10 mg/kg SC aglepristone q24h for two consecutive days. In the AGL+MIS group (n = 7), AGL (as administered in the AGL group) and MIS (200 µg/cat PO q12h until the start of abortion) were administered. The MIS200 (n = 7) and MIS400 groups (n = 7) received MIS (200 or 400 µg/cat misoprostol, respectively) alone PO q12h until the start of abortion. Blood samples were collected at the start of treatment (d0), 4 days after the start of treatment (d4) and on the day of complete abortion/end of administration (dA/d7). RESULTS The efficacy of the treatment was 71.4% in the AGL group, 100% in the AGL+MIS group, 0% in MIS200 group and 57.4% in MIS400 group (P = 0.004). No significance was found in relation to the interval from treatment to the start/end of abortion and the duration of abortion in all groups. The most observed side effect was vomiting in both groups administered MIS, particularly in the MIS400 group (56.7%). Progesterone (P4) concentrations were reduced during the abortion, but not to basal levels, in all groups. P4 concentrations were significantly lower at dA/d7 in the MIS400 group compared with the AGL and AGL+MIS groups (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results obtained from this study showed that low doses of MIS do not induce abortions in cats but increase the effect of AGL. Although higher doses could terminate pregnancies, this also causes intense unwanted side effects. Therefore, the use of MIS alone as an abortifacient in cats is not recommended. For mid-term pregnancy termination in cats, the combination of misoprostol and aglepristone provides a more effective abortifacient than using either of them alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Serhat Ay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Selim Aslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia-Turkish, Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Firdevs Önyay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ece Koldaş
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Serhat Arslan
- Department of Biometry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Fındık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Prellwitz L, Zambrini FN, Guimarães JD, de Sousa MAP, Oliveira MEF, Garcia AR, Esteves SN, Bartlewski PM, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Fonseca JF. Comparison of the intravenous and intravaginal route of oxytocin administration for cervical dilation protocol and non-surgical embryo recovery in oestrous-induced Santa Inês ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1230-1235. [PMID: 31243815 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of intravaginal and intravenous routes of oxytocin (OT) administration in 46 oestrous-induced Santa Inês ewes (6-day treatment with progestin-releasing intravaginal sponges and a single injection of 200 IU of eCG at the time of sponge removal) that underwent transcervical embryo recovery 6-7 days after oestrous onset and mating. All ewes received 37.5 μg of d-cloprostenol via latero-vulvar route, and 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate i.m. 16 hr before and 50 IU of OT 20 min before non-surgical embryo recovery (NSER), with OT being administered intravenously (n = 21) or intravaginally (n = 21). An overall oestrous response was 95.6% (44/46), and adequate cervical retraction could be accomplished in 78.6% (33/42) of ewes. The percentage of successful NSER procedures was 57% (24/42) or 72.7% (24/33) of animals with sufficient cervical retraction. The duration of NSER procedure averaged 28 min (range: 17-40 min) and ~96% of flushing fluid could be recovered (range: 85%-100%). Out of 18 ewes that could not undergo NSER, 12 (66.6%) presented various anatomical barriers, whilst the other 33.4% did not present these barriers and still could not be traversed. Excluding the ewes with those anatomical features, the overall success rate of NSER was 80% (24/30). The route of OT administration had no effect on NSER efficiency or the ease with which transcervical embryo flushing was performed. Both routes of OT administration can be used for cervical dilation protocol. Discarding ewes with anatomical features precluding cervical penetration is highly recommended to increase the efficacy of NSER in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Prellwitz
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pawel Mieczyslaw Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph-ON, Ontario, Canada
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Guimarães A, Lopes Júnior E, Ribeiro L, Silva E, Mudo G, Silva A, Bastos B, Silva H, Nascimento T, Carrero D, Silveira E, Cordeiro M, Almeida J. Efeito do óleo essencial do Croton nepetifolius Baill na penetração cervical em ovelhas mestiças de Dorper e Santa Inês. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A fim de se avaliar o uso do óleo essencial de Croton nepetifolius Baill (OECn) na penetrabilidade cervical em ovelhas mestiças, 40 ovelhas foram distribuídas ao acaso em quatro grupos (n=10): controle, misoprostol, OECn50 e OECn100 (50 e 100µg do OECn, respectivamente). Após a sincronização do estro, utilizando CIDR e eCG (200UI), a profundidade de penetração da cérvix foi mensurada utilizando-se uma pipeta de inseminação artificial de bovino graduada, no período de zero até 72h após a retirada do CIDR. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro-padrão, submetidos à ANOVA seguida do teste de Tukey, enquanto os dados, em porcentagem, foram submetidos aos testes de Fisher ouqui-quadrado. Nenhuma diferença significativa (P>0,05) foi encontrada quanto ao grau de penetrabilidade cervical. Quanto ao tempo de passagem, os grupos misoprostol e OECn100 apresentaram um menor tempo de penetrabilidade às 60h(1,7±0,6 e 1,5±0,6min, respectivamente), quando comparados ao grupo controle (4,1±0,6min), que não diferiu significativamente do grupo OECn50 (2,3±0,6min). Portanto, o óleo essencial de Croton nepetifolius Baill pode ser utilizado para encurtar o tempo de penetrabilidade cervical em ovelhas submetidas à sincronização estral.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E.G.S. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | - G.A.M. Mudo
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | - A.A.A. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | - B.D.M. Bastos
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | - H.A.L. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - M.F. Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
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Surgery on cervical folds for transcervical intrauterine artificial insemination with frozen-thawed semen enhances pregnancy rates in the sheep. Theriogenology 2019; 126:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Ustuner H, Ustuner B, Toker MB, Alcay S, Demir K, Sagirkaya H, Nur Z. Administration time of misoprostol affects fertility rate in artificially inseminated Kivircik ewes with frozen-thawed ram semen. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:156-160. [PMID: 34122647 PMCID: PMC8186878 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the administration time of misoprostol
(11 h (Miso11) and 6 h (Miso6) before artificial insemination) on fertility rates in Kivircik
ewes (control: n = 41, Miso11: n = 32 and Miso6: n = 33) during breeding season. Artificial insemination
(AI) was performed 48 h after sponge removal using frozen-thawed semen (150 million sperm
per dose in 0.25 ml straws). Estrus synchronization parameters (onset and duration) and lambing
rate were evaluated. No significant difference was observed among groups for the estrus onset
and duration hours (P > 0.05). The lambing rates in the control, Miso11 and Miso6 groups
were 39.0, 62.5 and 54.5%, respectively. There were significant differences among the control,
Miso11 and Miso6 groups according to lambing rates (P < 0.05). In conclusion, misoprostol
treatment significantly improved fertility in ewes when using frozen-thawed semen in AI.
Administration of misoprostol 11 h before AI resulted in a higher lambing rate than that at
6 h before AI; therefore, treatment of misoprostol 11 h before AI can effectively be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ustuner
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ustuner
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - M Berk Toker
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Selim Alcay
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Kamber Demir
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar/Istanbul, 16059, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sagirkaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Zekariya Nur
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, 16059, Turkey
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The effect of the intracervical administration of FSH or LH on the levels of hyaluronan, COX2, and COX2 mRNA in the cervix of the nonpregnant ewe. Theriogenology 2016; 86:2244-2253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Alvares C, Cruz J, Romano C, Brandão F. Serum profile of cytokines interferon gamma and interleukin-10 in ewes subjected to artificial insemination by cervical retraction. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1262-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Santos KC, Monte APO, Lima JT, Ribeiro LAA, Palheta Junior RC. Role of NO-cGMP pathway in ovine cervical relaxation induced by Erythroxylum caatingae Plowman. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 164:23-30. [PMID: 26619941 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Erythroxylum caatingae Plowman has a myorelaxing effect on smooth muscle tissue. We investigated the effect of the crude ethanolic extract of E. caatingae Plowman (Ec-EtOH) on the contractility of the ovine cervix. In an isometric system, circular strips were subjected to 90mM potassium (K(+)) or 30μM carbamylcholine (CCh)-induced contraction. We then exposed the tissue to cumulative concentrations of Ec-EtOH (1-729 μg/ml). In other bath solutions, the tissues were exposed to l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 100μM), l-NAME (100μM)+l-arginine (300μM), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, ODQ; 5μM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 3mM), tetraethylammonium (TEA; 0.3mM), glybenclamide (1μM), atosiban (10μM) or verapamil (3μM), followed by the addition of Ec-EtOH (1-729 μg/ml). We also evaluated the effect of cervical Ec-EtOH infusion (2mg) on cervical contractility in vivo. Ec-EtOH decreased cervical contractility induced by K(+) or CCh, and 729 μg/ml Ec-EtOH decreased 85.4±5.1% the amplitude of basal contractility in vitro, with an EC50 of 17.9±3.7 μg/ml. This effect of Ec-EtOH was prevented by l-NAME or ODQ. l-arginine impaired the blunting effect of l-NAME on cervical relaxation caused by Ec-EtOH. However, the potassium channel blockers 4-AP, TEA, and glybenclamide did not modify this myorelaxation triggered by Ec-EtOH. Ec-EtOH also decreased acetylcholine-induced contractions in tissue preincubated with verapamil. In addition, Ec-EtOH decreased ovine cervical contractions in vivo. Thus, Ec-EtOH had a relaxant effect on ovine cervical contractions. This may involve the nitric oxide signal, mediated by cGMP cellular transduction, and be related to intracellular calcium sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A P O Monte
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - J T Lima
- Course of Natural Resources in Semiarid
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An in vitro investigation of the actions of reproductive hormones on the cervix of the ewe in the follicular stage: the effects of 17β-estradiol, oxytocin, FSH, and arachidonic acid on the cervical pathway for the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Theriogenology 2014; 83:1007-14. [PMID: 25586640 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During the periovulatory period, the cervix of the ewe relaxes and this mechanism is thought to be mediated by oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in response to increased concentrations of 17β-estradiol and perhaps FSH. The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro effects of 17β-estradiol, FSH, oxytocin, and arachidonic acid (AA) on the synthesis of PGE2 and on the expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR), cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in explants of cervical tissue collected from ewes in the periovulatory phase of the estrous cycle. Cervical minces from ewes in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle were cultured in supplemented Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium for 48 hours with 17β-estradiol, FSH, oxytocin, or AA. After incubation, the tissue was stored at -80 °C and the media at -20 °C. Western immunoblotting was used to determine relative levels of OTR, cPLA2, and COX-2 in cervical tissue, and the media was analyzed by RIA, to determine the concentration of PGE2. The addition of 17β-estradiol increased the concentration of PGE2 in the media (P = 0.001), the levels of COX-2 (P = 0.02) and OTR (P = 0.006) but not those of cPLA2 (P = 0.15). The addition of FSH increased the levels of COX-2 (P = 0.01) but, it had no effect on the concentration of PGE2 (P = 0.08) or on the levels of OTR (P = 0.07) and cPLA2 (P = 0.15). Oxytocin did not increase the levels of COX-2 (P = 0.38) but increased those of OTR (P = 0.001) and cPLA2 (P = 0.01) but not on the concentration of PGE2 in the media. Arachidonic acid increased the levels of cPLA2 (P = 0.01) and those of COX-2 (P = 0.02) but not the concentration of PGE2 in the media. Our findings suggest that the PGE2-mediated mechanisms of cervical relaxation in the ewe during the follicular phase are stimulated by FSH, 17β-estradiol, oxytocin, and AA. They all appear to act by inducing receptors and enzymes along the synthetic pathway for PGE2.
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16
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Leethongdee S, Khalid M, Scaramuzzi RJ. The Effect of the Intracervical Application of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone or Luteinizing Hormone on the Pattern of Expression of Gonadotrophin Receptors in the Cervix of Non-Pregnant Ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:568-575. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Leethongdee
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Mahasarakham University; Amphur Muang Mahasarakham Thailand
| | - M Khalid
- The Royal Veterinary College; North Mimms; Hertfordshire UK
| | - RJ Scaramuzzi
- The Royal Veterinary College; North Mimms; Hertfordshire UK
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17
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Woelders H, Windig J, Hiemstra SJ. How developments in cryobiology, reproductive technologies and conservation genomics could shape gene banking strategies for (farm) animals. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 4:264-73. [PMID: 22827380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many local breeds are currently at risk because of replacement by a limited number of specialized commercial breeds. Concurrently, for many breeds, allelic diversity within breeds declines because of inbreeding. Gene banking of germplasm may serve to secure the breeds and the alleles for any future use, for instance to recover a lost breed, to address new breeding goals, to support breeding schemes in small populations to minimize inbreeding, and for conservation genetics and genomics research. Developments in cryobiology and reproductive technology have generated several possibilities for preserving germplasm in farm animals. Furthermore, in some mammalian and bird species, gene banking of material is difficult or impossible, requiring development of new alternative methods or improvement of existing methods. Depending on the species, there are interesting possibilities or research developments in the use of epididymal spermatozoa, oocytes and embryos, ovarian and testicular tissue, primordial germ cells, and somatic cells for the conservation of genetic diversity in farm- and other animal species. Rapid developments in genomics research also provide new opportunities to optimize conservation and sampling strategies and to characterize genome-wide genetic variation. With regard to gene banks for farm animals, collaboration between European countries is being developed through a number of organizations, aimed at sharing knowledge and expertise between national programmes. It would be useful to explore further collaboration between countries, within the framework of a European gene banking strategy that should minimize costs of conservation and maximize opportunities for exploitation and sustainable use of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Woelders
- Wageningen UR, Centre for Genetic Resources, CGN, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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The expression of ERα, OTR, cPLA2, COX-2, and PPARγ in the cervix of the ewe during the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2013; 79:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Lloyd RE, Fazeli A, Watson PF, Holt WV. The oviducal protein, heat-shock 70-kDa protein 8, improves the long-term survival of ram spermatozoa during storage at 17°C in a commercial extender. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:543-9. [PMID: 22541542 DOI: 10.1071/rd11173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor fertility rates are often observed when fresh ram semen stored in conventional extenders is used for cervical artificial insemination (AI). Heat-shock 70-kDa protein 8 (HSPA8), found within the oviduct, prolongs boar, ram and bull sperm survival at body temperatures in vitro. Here, we aimed to determine whether supplementing extenders (INRA-96 and RSD-1) with HSPA8 (4 µg mL⁻¹) would improve their performance in maintaining freshly collected ram sperm viability and sperm nuclear DNA integrity during storage over 48 h at 17°C. Sperm function was assessed at 1, 6, 24 and 48h and this experiment was repeated using 25 × 10⁶ and 800 × 10⁶ spermatozoa mL⁻¹. INRA96 supplemented with HSPA8 maintained sperm viability significantly better than INRA96 alone at both sperm concentrations. However, sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation (DF) increased significantly during storage using the higher sperm concentration, irrespective of the extender and the protein treatment used. Increasing levels of sperm nuclear DF over time could explain why poor fertility rates are often observed following cervical AI using stored ram semen. However, further research is required to ascertain whether supplementing the commercially available INRA96 extender with HSPA8 will improve fertility rates following cervical AI using stored ram semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Lloyd
- Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
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20
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Falchi L, Taema M, La Clanche S, Scaramuzzi R. The pattern of cervical penetration and the effect of topical treatment with prostaglandin and/or FSH and oxytocin on the depth of cervical penetration in the ewe during the peri-ovulatory period. Theriogenology 2012; 78:376-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
This review brings together research findings on cervical relaxation in the ewe and its pharmacological stimulation for enhancement of the penetration needed for transcervical insemination and embryo transfer. On the basis that the success of artificial insemination is the percentage of ewes lambing, a review is made of recent research aimed at understanding and minimising the sub-lethal effects of freezing and thawing on the viability of spermatozoa, their membrane integrity and their ability to migrate through cervical mucus, as these characteristics have a major influence on fertility, particularly when semen is deposited, artificially, in the os cervix. Milestones of achievement are given for transcervical intrauterine insemination, embryo recovery and transfer and the birth of lambs of pre-determined sex, firstly following intracytoplasmic sperm injection, then laparoscopic intrauterine insemination using highly diluted flow-cytometrically sorted fresh semen and subsequently by os cervix insemination using sexed semen that had been frozen and thawed. Diversity of research endeavour (applied, cellular, molecular), research discipline (anatomy, histology, immunology, endocrinology) and research focus (cell, tissue, organ, whole animal) is embraced within the review as each has significant contributions to make in advancing recent scientific findings from the laboratory into robust on-farm transcervical insemination and embryo transfer techniques.
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Richardson L, Hanrahan JP, Donovan A, Martí JI, Fair S, Evans AC, Lonergan P. Effect of site of deposition on the fertility of sheep inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Richardson L, Hanrahan J, O’Hara L, Donovan A, Fair S, O'Sullivan M, Carrington SD, Lonergan P, Evans A. Ewe breed differences in fertility after cervical AI with frozen–thawed semen and associated differences in sperm penetration and physicochemical properties of cervical mucus. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 129:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Perry K, Haresign W, Wathes D, Khalid M. Intracervical application of hyaluronan improves cervical relaxation in the ewe. Theriogenology 2010; 74:1685-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Horta AEM, Barbas JP, Marques CC, Baptista MC, Vasques MI, Pereira RM, Mascarenhas RD, Cavaco-Gonçalves S. Improvement of Fertility in Artificially Inseminated Ewes Following Vaginal Treatment with Misoprostol Plus Terbutaline Sulphate. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45:e412-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Intra-cervical application of Misoprostol at estrus alters the content of cervical hyaluronan and the mRNA expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and cyclooxygenase-2 in the ewe. Theriogenology 2010; 73:1257-66. [PMID: 20171717 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complex anatomy the of ovine cervix limits the success of transcervical artificial insemination in sheep, but Misoprostol (a PGE(1) analogue) relaxes the cervix and facilitates transcervical artificial insemination. However, the mechanism by which Misoprostol causes cervical relaxation is not known. This study examined if intra-cervical Misoprostol altered the hyaluronan content and the mRNA expression of COX-2, LHR, or FSHR in the cervix of the estrus ewe. Estrus was synchronized in cyclic ewes with progestagen pessaries and 48 h after sponge removal ewes were treated intra-cervically with 0 (controls), 200, or 400 microg Misoprostol. Hyaluronan content was determined by ELISA and mRNA expression of LHR, FSHR, and COX-2 was analyzed by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-11-uridine-5'-triphosphate labeled riboprobes. The hyaluronan content of the cervix was significantly higher in sheep that received 200 (P<0.05) or 400 (P<0.05) microg Misoprostol compared to controls. Moreover, it was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the vaginal region compared to mid and uterine regions. Misoprostol increased (P<0.05) the mRNA expression of LHR and COX-2 but not FSHR. The expression for all three genes was highest in the vaginal region and lowest in uterine region. The luminal epithelium and circular smooth muscle layers had higher (P<0.05) expression for LHR, FSHR, and COX-2 mRNAs, and the sub-epithelial stroma had the lowest (P<0.05). We propose that the intra-cervical application of Misoprostol induces the mRNA expression of LHR, FSHR, and COX-2 through a positive feedback loop. The data suggest that softening of the cervix by Misoprostol is caused by an increase in the hyaluronan content of the cervix.
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Kershaw-Young C, Khalid M, McGowan M, Pitsillides A, Scaramuzzi R. The mRNA expression of prostaglandin E receptors EP2 and EP4 and the changes in glycosaminoglycans in the sheep cervix during the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2009; 72:251-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Verstegen J, Dhaliwal G, Verstegen-Onclin K. Mucometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and pyometra in the bitch: advances in treatment and assessment of future reproductive success. Theriogenology 2008; 70:364-74. [PMID: 18501959 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyometra is a common reproductive disorder which affects nearly one fourth of all female dogs before they reach 10 y of age. An association between pyometra and the most common uterine disease of the bitch, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, has been established, as the latter allows commensal bacteria originating from the vagina to proliferate in the uterus at the end of estrus. The progressive degenerative process in the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia is usually proposed as the initiating lesion for pyometra in bitches; this is mediated by progesterone and potentially aggravated by estrogens. However, a separate process caused by local uterine irritation to trophoblastic reaction and bacterial proliferation has been recently proposed as an alternate mechanism leading to the development of pyometra. Pyometra is clinically distinct in pathogenesis, signs, treatment and prognosis from postpartum metritis or mucometra. Treatment of pyometra has historically involved ovariohysterectomy, however, during the last 10 y, numerous effective treatments have been proposed to treat both open and closed cervix pyometra with good success and future fertility. Among the treatments available, the use of repeated low doses of prostaglandins alone or in association with either dopamine agonists or progesterone-receptor antagonists has been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for valuable breeding dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verstegen
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Reproduction Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610-0136, USA.
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