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Wei P, Wang J, Yu H, Chen Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Hu G. Effects of Leonurine on oocyte maturation and parthenogenetic embryo development in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14546. [PMID: 38439683 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Leonurine (LEO), an alkaloid isolated from Leonurus spp., has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and can prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These properties suggest that it can improve the maturation rate of oocytes and developmental ability of embryos, which are key parameters in animal breeding. In this study, the effects of LEO on in vitro maturation and early embryonic development in sheep oocytes were evaluated. Among various doses examined (0, 10, 20 and 40 μM), a dose of 20 μM was optimal with respect to the oocyte maturation rate. Compared with estimates in the control group, GSH levels and mitochondrial membrane potential of sheep oocytes treated with 20 μM LEO were significantly higher, and 40 μM LEO would affect oocyte maturation. Additionally, ROS levels were significantly lower, expression levels of the antioxidant genes CAT and SOD1 were significantly higher, and there was no significant difference in GPX3 expression. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression were significantly reduced in the 20 μM LEO group. During early embryonic development in vitro, the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate were significantly higher in the 20 μM LEO treatment group compared to other groups. GSH levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly higher, while ROS levels were significantly lower, and expression levels of the antioxidant genes CAT, GPX3 and SOD1 were significantly higher in eight-cell embryos treated with 20 μM LEO than in the control group. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 levels were significantly decreased. In summary, LEO can reduce the effect of oxidative stress, improve the oocyte maturation rate and enhance embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hengbin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Weibin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Guangdong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Wang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Lv M, Fu J, Zhang Y, Qiu P, Shi D, Luo C. Vitamin C down-regulates the H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin in buffalo fibroblasts via PI3K/PDK1/SGK1/KDM4A signal axis. Theriogenology 2023; 200:114-124. [PMID: 36805248 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The success of reprogramming is dependent on the reprogramming factors enriched in the cytoplasm of recipient oocytes and the potential of donor nucleus to be reprogrammed. Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) was identified as a major epigenetic barrier impeding complete reprogramming. Treating donor cell with vitamin C (Vc) can enhance the developmental potential of cloned embryos, but the underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated. In this study, we found that 20μg/mL Vc could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of BFFs, as well as down-regulate the H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin and increase chromatin accessibility. Inhibited the expression of KDM4A resulted in increasing apoptosis rate and the H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin, which can be restored by Vc. Moreover, Vc up-regulated the expression of KDM4A through PI3K/PDK1/SGK1 pathway. Inhibiting any factor in the signal axis of this PI3K pathway not only suppressed the activity of KDM4A but also substantially increased the level of H3K9me3 modification and the expression of the HP1α protein. Finally, Vc can rescue those negative effects induced by the blocking the PI3K/PDK1/SGK1 pathway. Collectively, Vc can down-regulate the H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin in BFFs via PI3K/PDK1/SGK1/KDM4A signal axis, suggesting that Vc can turn the chromatin status of donor cells to be reprogrammed more easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Meiyun Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jiayuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yunchuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Peng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Chan Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 75 Xiuling Road, Nanning, 530005, China.
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Production of Genetically Modified Porcine Embryos via Lipofection of Zona-Pellucida-Intact Oocytes Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030342. [PMID: 36766231 PMCID: PMC9913380 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of genetically modified pigs has an important impact thanks its applications in basic research, biomedicine, and meat production. Cloning was the first technique used for this production, although easier and cheaper methods were developed, such as the microinjection, electroporation, or lipofection of oocytes and zygotes. In this study, we analyzed the production of genetically modified embryos via lipofection of zona-pellucida-intact oocytes using LipofectamineTM CRISPRMAXTM Cas9 in comparison with the electroporation method. Two factors were evaluated: (i) the increment in the concentration of the lipofectamine-ribonucleoprotein complexes (LRNPC) (5% vs. 10%) and (ii) the concentration of ribonucleoprotein within the complexes (1xRNP vs. 2xRNP). We found that the increment in the concentration of the LRNPC had a detrimental effect on embryo development and a subsequent effect on the number of mutant embryos. The 5% group had a similar mutant blastocyst rate to the electroporation method (5.52% and 6.38%, respectively, p > 0.05). The increment in the concentration of the ribonucleoprotein inside the complexes had no effect on the blastocyst rate and mutation rate, with the mutant blastocyst rate being similar in both the 1xRNP and 2xRNP lipofection groups and the electroporation group (1.75%, 3.60%, and 3.57%, respectively, p > 0.05). Here, we showed that it is possible to produce knock-out embryos via lipofection of zona-pellucida-intact porcine oocytes with similar efficiencies as with electroporation, although more optimization is needed, mainly in terms of the use of more efficient vesicles for encapsulation with different compositions.
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Saha A, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Palta P, Singla SK. Comparison the effects of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and zebularine on the in vitro development, blastocyst quality, methylation pattern and conception rate on handmade cloned buffalo embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:158-167. [PMID: 36214130 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we treated the handmade cloned (HMC) buffalo embryos with the DNA methylation inhibitors; 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AzadC) or Zebularine individually after post-fusion and during in vitro culture till eighth day. The blastocysts production rate significantly improved (p < .01) after treating embryos independently with 5 nM AzadC and 5 nM zebularine compared with 2 and 10 nM AzadC or zebularine groups, respectively. The highest cleavage rates were obtained for 5 nM treatment of AzadC and zebularine compared with other treatments and untreated control group. Quality of blastocysts were evaluated using total cell number (TCN) and the ratio of number of inner cell mass (ICM) cells/total cell number (ICM/TCN). Zebularine treatments (2/5/10 nM) significantly improved both TCN and ICM/TCN ratio compared with AzadC treatments (2/5/10 nM); however, control group TCN and ICM/TCN ratio was found lower. The methylation percentage of pDS4.1 and B. bubalis satellite DNA were comparatively more attenuated with 5 nM zebularine than 5 nM AzadC treatment. The increased in vitro development rates of the treated embryos were correlated with the decreased level of DNA methylation and the improved blastocyst quality. Following transfer of 5 nM zebularine treated embryos to 6 recipients, 4 were found to be pregnant, though the pregnancies were not carried to full term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambikaprasanna Saha
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.,Dum Dum Motijheel College, Kolkata, India
| | - Manmohan S Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Radhey S Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suresh K Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Zhai Y, Yu H, An X, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Zhang S, Li Q, Li Z. Profiling the transcriptomic signatures and identifying the patterns of zygotic genome activation - a comparative analysis between early porcine embryos and their counterparts in other three mammalian species. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:772. [PMID: 36434523 PMCID: PMC9700911 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional changes around zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in preimplantation embryos are critical for studying mechanisms of embryonic developmental arrest and searching for key transcription factors. However, studies on the transcription profile of porcine ZGA are limited. RESULTS In this study, we performed RNA sequencing in porcine in vivo developed (IVV) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo at different stages and compared the transcriptional activity of porcine embryos with mouse, bovine and human embryos. The results showed that the transcriptome map of the early porcine embryos was significantly changed at the 4-cell stage, and 5821 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SCNT embryos failed to be reprogrammed or activated during ZGA, which mainly enrichment to metabolic pathways. c-MYC was identified as the highest expressed transcription factor during ZGA. By treating with 10,058-F4, an inhibitor of c-MYC, the cleavage rate (38.33 ± 3.4%) and blastocyst rate (23.33 ± 4.3%) of porcine embryos were significantly lower than those of the control group (50.82 ± 2.7% and 34.43 ± 1.9%). Cross-species analysis of transcriptome during ZGA showed that pigs and bovines had the highest similarity coefficient in biological processes. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that there were 10 co-shared pathways in the four species. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that embryos with impaired developmental competence may be arrested at an early stage of development. c-MYC helps promote ZGA and preimplantation embryonic development in pigs. Pigs and bovines have the highest coefficient of similarity in biological processes during ZGA. This study provides an important reference for further studying the reprogramming regulatory mechanism of porcine embryos during ZGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhai
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Hao Yu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 Jilin China
| | - Xinglan An
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- grid.452930.90000 0004 1757 8087Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Qi Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Ziyi Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
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Ren R, Guo J, Liu G, Kang H, Machens HG, Schilling AF, Slobodianski A, Zhang Z. Nucleic acid direct delivery to fibroblasts: a review of nucleofection and applications. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:30. [PMID: 36329479 PMCID: PMC9635183 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast is one of the ideal target cell candidates for cell-based gene therapy approaches to promote tissue repair. Gene delivery to fibroblasts by viral transfection has been confirmed to have high transfection efficiency. However, in addition to immunogenic effects of viruses, the random integration of viral genes may damage the genome, affect the cell phenotype or even cause cancerous mutations in the transfected cells. Due to these potential biohazards and unknown long-term risks, the clinical use of viral transfection has been very limited. In contrast, initial non-viral transfection methods have been simple and safe to implement, with low immunogenicity, insertional mutagenesis, and risk of carcinogenesis, but their transfection efficiency has been relatively low. Nucleofection, a more recent non-viral transfection method, now combines the advantages of high transfection efficiency and direct nucleic acid delivery to the nucleus with a high safety.Here, we reviewed recent articles on fibroblast nucleofection, summarized different research points, improved methods and application scopes, and opened up ideas for promoting the further improvement and development of fibroblast nucleofection to meet the needs of a variety of disease research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyue Ren
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Guangwu Liu
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Hao Kang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alex Slobodianski
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
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Liu S, Ju AQ, Duan AY, Zhan CL, Gao LP, Ma X, Yang SB. Presence of Ginsenoside Re during in vitro maturation protects porcine oocytes from heat stress. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1572-1583. [PMID: 36001037 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) affects the development of porcine gametes and embryos negatively, induces the decrease of reproductive ability significantly, threatens global pig production. Ginsenoside Re (GRe), is a main bioactive component of ginseng, shows very specific anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To investigate the alleviating effect of GRe on the in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte under the HS, the polar body extrusion rate, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed. For the current study, porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) randomly divided into four groups: the control, GRe, HS and HS+GRe group. The results showed that HS inhibited the cumulus cell expansion and polar body extrusion rate, the levels of GSH and MMP, the ATP content, the gene expression of Nrf2 of porcine oocytes and the parthenogenetic activation (PA) embryo development competence, but GRe treatment could partly neutralize these adverse effects. Moreover, HS increased the ROS formation and percentage of apoptosis, the gene expression of HSP90, CASP3 and CytoC of porcine oocytes, but GRe could weaken the effect on Cyto C and BAX expression induced by HS. Taken together, these results showed that the presence of GRe during in vitro maturation protects porcine oocytes from HS. These findings lay a foundation for GRe may be used as a potential protective drug to protect porcine oocytes against HS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - An-Qi Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Ao-Yi Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Le-Peng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Shu-Bao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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Vazquez-Avendaño JR, Ambriz-García DA, Cortez-Romero C, Trejo-Córdova A, del Carmen Navarro-Maldonado M. Current state of the efficiency of sheep embryo production through somatic cell nuclear transfer. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Induced Expression of BPV E4 Gene in Equine Adult Dermal Fibroblast Cells as a Potential Model of Skin Sarcoid-like Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041970. [PMID: 35216085 PMCID: PMC8877312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The equine sarcoid is one of the most common neoplasias in the Equidae family. Despite the association of this tumor with the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV), the molecular mechanism of this lesion has not been fully understood. The transgenization of equine adult cutaneous fibroblast cells (ACFCs) was accomplished by nucleofection, followed by detection of molecular modifications using high-throughput NGS transcriptome sequencing. The results of the present study confirm that BPV-E4- and BPV-E1^E4-mediated nucleofection strategy significantly affected the transcriptomic alterations, leading to sarcoid-like neoplastic transformation of equine ACFCs. Furthermore, the results of the current investigation might contribute to the creation of in vitro biomedical models suitable for estimating the fates of molecular dedifferentiability and the epigenomic reprogrammability of BPV-E4 and BPV-E4^E1 transgenic equine ACFC-derived sarcoid-like cell nuclei in equine somatic cell-cloned embryos. Additionally, these in vitro models seem to be reliable for thoroughly recognizing molecular mechanisms that underlie not only oncogenic alterations in transcriptomic signatures, but also the etiopathogenesis of epidermal and dermal sarcoid-dependent neoplastic transformations in horses and other equids. For those reasons, the aforementioned transgenic models might be useful for devising clinical treatments in horses afflicted with sarcoid-related neoplasia of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues.
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Technical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Since the announcement of the birth of the first cloned mammal in 1997, Dolly the sheep, 24 animal species including laboratory, farm, and wild animals have been cloned. The technique for somatic cloning involves transfer of the donor nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte at the metaphase II (MII) stage for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor. There is increasing interest in animal cloning for different purposes such as rescue of endangered animals, replication of superior farm animals, production of genetically engineered animals, creation of biomedical models, and basic research. However, the efficiency of cloning remains relatively low. High abortion, embryonic, and fetal mortality rates are frequently observed. Moreover, aberrant developmental patterns during or after birth are reported. Researchers attribute these abnormal phenotypes mainly to incomplete nuclear remodeling, resulting in incomplete reprogramming. Nevertheless, multiple factors influence the success of each step of the somatic cloning process. Various strategies have been used to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer and most of the phenotypically normal born clones can survive, grow, and reproduce. This paper will present some technical, biological, and molecular aspects of somatic cloning, along with remarkable achievements and current improvements.
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11
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In vitro Production of Porcine Embryos: Current Status and Possibilities – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents the current possibilities, state of knowledge and prospects of in vitro production (IVP) of pig embryos, which consists of in vitro oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro embryo culture. In pigs, oocyte maturation is one of the most important stages in the embryo IVP process. It determines the oocyte’s fertilization ability as well as its embryonic development. Through many research studies of the proper selection of oocytes and appropriate maturation medium composition (especially the addition of various supplements), the in vitro maturation of pig oocytes has been significantly improved. Recent studies have demonstrated that modifications of the diluents and in vitro fertilization media can reduce polyspermy. Furthermore, several adjustments of the porcine culture media with the addition of some supplements have enhanced the embryo quality and developmental competence. These updates show the progress of IVP in pigs that has been achieved; however, many problems remain unsolved.
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Lopukhov AV, Singina GN, Zinovieva NA. Biotechnological bases of the development of cloned pig embryos. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The term ‘clone’ in animal biotechnology refers to an organism derived from non-sexual reproduction, which is both a direct offspring and a genetic copy of the parent organism. To date, the pig appears to be the most interesting object in cloning research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs has a wide range of potential applications in various fields of human scientific and economic activities. However, the efficiency of producing cloned embryos in swine is still lower than that of other livestock species, in particular horses and cattle. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technically complex multi-stage technology, at each stage of which the pig oocytes, which are more susceptible to changes of surrounding conditions, are affected by various factors (mechanical, physical, chemical). At the stage of oocyte maturation, changes in the cell ultrastructures of the ooplasm occur, which play an important role in the subsequent nuclear reprogramming of the transferred donor cell. Before transfer to the oocyte donor somatic cells are synchronized in the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle to ensure the normal ploidy of the cloned embryo. When removing the nucleus of pig oocytes maturated in vitro, it is necessary to pay attention to the problem of preserving the viability of cells, which were devoid of their own nuclear material. To perform the reconstruction, a somatic cell is placed, using micro-tools, in the perivitelline space, where the first polar body was previously located, or in the cytoplasm of an enucleated oocyte. The method of manual cloning involves the removal of the oocyte nucleus with subsequent fusion with the donor cell without the use of micromanipulation techniques. The increased sensitivity of oocytes to the environmental conditions causes special requirements for the choice of the system for in vitro culture of cloned pig embryos. In this work, we have reviewed the modern methods used for the production of cloned embryos and identified the technological issues that prevent improving the efficiency of somatic cloning of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Lopukhov
- Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst
| | - G. N. Singina
- Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst
| | - N. A. Zinovieva
- Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst
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Mehta P, Kaushik R, Singh KP, Sharma A, Singh MK, Chauhan MS, Palta P, Singla SK, Manik RS. Establishment, Growth, Proliferation, and Gene Expression of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Transgenic Fetal Fibroblasts Containing Human Insulin Gene, and Production of Embryos by Handmade Cloning Using These Cells. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:135-143. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Mehta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ramakant Kaushik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Karn Pratap Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Radhey Sham Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Trichostatin A-mediated epigenetic transformation of adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells biases the in vitro developmental capability, quality, and pluripotency extent of porcine cloned embryos. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814686. [PMID: 25866813 PMCID: PMC4381569 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current research was conducted to explore the in vitro developmental outcome and cytological/molecular quality of porcine nuclear-transferred (NT) embryos reconstituted with adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ABM-MSCs) that were epigenetically transformed by treatment with nonspecific inhibitor of histone deacetylases, known as trichostatin A (TSA). The cytological quality of cloned blastocysts was assessed by estimation of the total cells number (TCN) and apoptotic index. Their molecular quality was evaluated by real-time PCR-mediated quantification of gene transcripts for pluripotency- and multipotent stemness-related markers (Oct4, Nanog, and Nestin). The morula and blastocyst formation rates of NT embryos derived from ABM-MSCs undergoing TSA treatment were significantly higher than in the TSA-unexposed group. Moreover, the NT blastocysts generated using TSA-treated ABM-MSCs exhibited significantly higher TCN and increased pluripotency extent measured with relative abundance of Oct4 and Nanog mRNAs as compared to the TSA-untreated group. Altogether, the improvements in morula/blastocyst yields and quality of cloned pig embryos seem to arise from enhanced abilities for promotion of correct epigenetic reprogramming of TSA-exposed ABM-MSC nuclei in a cytoplasm of reconstructed oocytes. To our knowledge, we are the first to report the successful production of mammalian high-quality NT blastocysts using TSA-dependent epigenomic modulation of ABM-MSCs.
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Zanin MP, Hellström M, Shepherd RK, Harvey AR, Gillespie LN. Development of a cell-based treatment for long-term neurotrophin expression and spiral ganglion neuron survival. Neuroscience 2014; 277:690-9. [PMID: 25088914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the target cells of the cochlear implant, undergo gradual degeneration following loss of the sensory epithelium in deafness. The preservation of a viable population of SGNs in deafness can be achieved in animal models with exogenous application of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3. For translation into clinical application, a suitable delivery strategy that provides ongoing neurotrophic support and promotes long-term SGN survival is required. Cell-based neurotrophin treatment has the potential to meet the specific requirements for clinical application, and we have previously reported that Schwann cells genetically modified to express BDNF can support SGN survival in deafness for 4 weeks. This study aimed to investigate various parameters important for the development of a long-term cell-based neurotrophin treatment to support SGN survival. Specifically, we investigated different (i) cell types, (ii) gene transfer methods and (iii) neurotrophins, in order to determine which variables may provide long-term neurotrophin expression and which, therefore, may be the most effective for supporting long-term SGN survival in vivo. We found that fibroblasts that were nucleofected to express BDNF provided the most sustained neurotrophin expression, with ongoing BDNF expression for at least 30 weeks. In addition, the secreted neurotrophin was biologically active and elicited survival effects on SGNs in vitro. Nucleofected fibroblasts may therefore represent a method for safe, long-term delivery of neurotrophins to the deafened cochlea to support SGN survival in deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Zanin
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Hellström
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - R K Shepherd
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - A R Harvey
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - L N Gillespie
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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16
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Liu H, Lv P, Zhu X, Wang X, Yang X, Zuo E, Lu Y, Lu S, Lu K. In vitro development of porcine transgenic nuclear-transferred embryos derived from newborn Guangxi Bama mini-pig kidney fibroblasts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:811-21. [PMID: 24879084 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Porcine transgenic cloning has potential applications for improving production traits and for biomedical research purposes. To produce a transgenic clone, kidney fibroblasts from a newborn Guangxi Bama mini-pig were isolated, cultured, and then transfected with red and green fluorescent protein genes using lipofectamine for nuclear transfer. The results of the present study show that the kidney fibroblasts exhibited excellent proliferative capacity and clone-like morphology, and were adequate for generation of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos, which was confirmed by their cleavage activity and blastocyst formation rate of 70.3% and 7.9%, respectively. Cells transfected with red fluorescent protein genes could be passed more than 35 times. Transgenic embryos cloned with fluorescent or blind enucleation methods were not significantly different with respect to cleavage rates (92.5% vs. 86.8%, p > 0.05) and blastocyst-morula rates (26.9% vs. 34.0%, p > 0.05), but were significantly different with respect to blastocyst rates (3.0% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.05). Cleavage (75.3%, 78.5% vs. 78.0%, p > 0.05), blastocyst (14.1%, 16.1% vs. 23.1%, p > 0.05) and morula/blastocyst rates (43.5%, 47.0% vs. 57.6%, p > 0.05) were not significantly different between the groups of transgenic cloned embryos, cloned embryos, and parthenogenetic embryos. This indicates that long-time screening by G418 caused no significant damage to kidney fibroblasts. Thus, kidney fibroblasts represent a promising new source for transgenic SCNT, and this work lays the foundation for the production of genetically transformed cloned Guangxi Bama mini-pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxuedong Road, Nanning, 530004, China
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17
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Ko N, Lee JW, Hwang SS, Kim B, Ock SA, Lee SS, Im GS, Kang MJ, Park JK, Oh SJ, Oh KB. Nucleofection-mediated α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene inactivation and membrane cofactor protein expression for pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Anim Biotechnol 2014; 24:253-67. [PMID: 23947662 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2012.752741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of pig organs into primates leads to hyperacute rejection (HAR). Functional ablation of the pig α 1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) gene, which abrogates expression of the Gal α 1-3Gal β 1-4GlcNAc-R (Gal) antigen, which inhibits HAR. However, antigens other than Gal may induce immunological rejection by their cognate antibody responses. Ultimately, overexpression of complement regulatory proteins reduces acute humoral rejection by non-Gal antibodies when GalT is ablated. In this study, we developed a vector-based strategy for ablation of GalT function and concurrent expression of membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46). We constructed an MCP expression cassette (designated as MCP-IRESneo) and inserted between the left and the right homologous arms to target exon 9 of the GalT gene. Nucleofection of porcine ear skin fibroblasts using the U-023 and V-013 programs resulted in high transfection efficiency and cell survival. We identified 28 clones in which the MCP-IRESneo vector had been successfully targeted to exon 9 of the GalT gene. Two of those clones, with apparent morphologically mitotic fibroblast features were selected through long-term culture. GalT gene expression was downregulated in these 2 clones. Importantly, MCP was shown to be efficiently expressed at the cell surface and to efficiently protect cell lysis against normal human complement serum attack in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Ko
- a Animal Biotechnology Division , National Institute of Animal Science , RDA , Suwon , South Korea
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18
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Samiec M, Skrzyszowska M. Biological transcomplementary activation as a novel and effective strategy applied to the generation of porcine somatic cell cloned embryos. Reprod Biol 2014; 14:128-39. [PMID: 24856472 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel method termed the biological transcomplementary activation (B-TCA) has been recently utilized for the stimulation of porcine oocytes reconstituted by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The use of cytosolic components originating from fertilized (FE) rabbit zygotes as the stimuli for the B-TCA of SCNT-derived pig oocytes appeared to be a highly efficient strategy applied to promote the in vitro development of cloned embryos, leading to a significant improvement in the blastocyst yield (43.6%) compared to the yields achieved using the standard protocol of simultaneous fusion and electrical activation (SF-EA; [31.3%]) or the protocol of delayed electrical activation (D-EA) independent of extracellular Ca(2+) ions (0%). The FE rabbit zygote cytoplast-mediated B-TCA resulted in the increased blastocyst formation rate of porcine cloned embryos as compared to the B-TCA triggered by either cytoplasts isolated from pig parthenogenotes (PAs; [27.8%]) or rabbit PA-descended cytoplasts (0%). A considerably lower percentage of blastocysts containing apoptotic and/or necrotic (annexin V-eGFP-positive) cells were obtained from the SCNT-derived oocytes stimulated by the FE rabbit zygote cytoplast-based B-TCA (22.2%) compared to those stimulated using the SF-EA protocol (35.1%). In contrast to the B-TCA induced by FE rabbit zygote cytoplasts, apoptosis/necrosis incidence decreased totally among the cloned pig blastocysts that developed from reconstituted oocytes undergoing the porcine PA cytoplast-evoked B-TCA. In conclusion, the FE rabbit zygote cytoplast-mediated B-TCA turned out to be a relatively effective strategy for the in vitro production of porcine blastocyst clones of higher quality compared to those created using the standard SF-EA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Samiec
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Cracow, Poland.
| | - Maria Skrzyszowska
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Cracow, Poland
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He W, Kong Q, Shi Y, Xie B, Jiao M, Huang T, Guo S, Hu K, Liu Z. Generation and developmental characteristics of porcine tetraploid embryos and tetraploid/diploid chimeric embryos. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2013; 11:327-33. [PMID: 24120753 PMCID: PMC4357820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize electrofusion conditions for generating porcine tetraploid (4n) embryos and produce tetraploid/diploid (4n/2n) chimeric embryos. Different electric field intensities were tested and 2 direct current (DC) pulses of 0.9 kV/cm for 30 μs was selected as the optimum condition for electrofusion of 2-cell embryos to produce 4n embryos. The fusion rate of 2-cell embryos and the development rate to blastocyst of presumably 4n embryos, reached 85.4% and 28.5%, respectively. 68.18% of the fused embryos were found to be 4n as demonstrated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Although the number of blastomeres in 4n blastocysts was significantly lower than in 2n blastocysts (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in developmental rates of blastocysts between 2n and 4n embryos (P>0.05), suggesting that the blastocyst forming capacity in 4n embryos is similar to those in 2n embryos. Moreover, 4n/2n chimeric embryos were obtained by aggregation of 4n and 2n embryos. We found that the developmental rate and cell number of blastocysts of 4-cell (4n)/4-cell (2n) chimeric embryos were significantly higher than those of 2-cell (4n)/4-cell (2n), 4-cell (4n)/8-cell (2n), 4-cell (4n)/2-cell (2n) chimeric embryos (P<0.05). Consistent with mouse chimeras, the majority of 4n cells contribute to the trophectoderm (TE), while the 2n cells are mainly present in the inner cell mass (ICM) of porcine 4n/2n chimeric embryos. Our study established a feasible and efficient approach to produce porcine 4n embryos and 4n/2n chimeric embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenteng He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
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20
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Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells and their application in experimental embryology. Pol J Vet Sci 2013; 16:593-9. [DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2013-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The efficiency of somatic cell cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer; SCNT) as well as in vitro fertilization/in vitro embryo production (IVF/IVP) in mammals stay at relatively same level for over a decade. Despite plenty of different approaches none satisfactory break-through took place. In this article, we briefly summarize the implementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for experimental embryology. The advantages of using MSCs as nuclear donors in somatic cell cloning and in vitro embryo culture are described. The description of results obtained with these cells in mammalian embryo genomic engineering is presented.
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21
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Kurome M, Geistlinger L, Kessler B, Zakhartchenko V, Klymiuk N, Wuensch A, Richter A, Baehr A, Kraehe K, Burkhardt K, Flisikowski K, Flisikowska T, Merkl C, Landmann M, Durkovic M, Tschukes A, Kraner S, Schindelhauer D, Petri T, Kind A, Nagashima H, Schnieke A, Zimmer R, Wolf E. Factors influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs by nuclear transfer: multi-factorial analysis of a large data set. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 23688045 PMCID: PMC3691671 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically engineered donor cells is currently the most widely used strategy to generate tailored pig models for biomedical research. Although this approach facilitates a similar spectrum of genetic modifications as in rodent models, the outcome in terms of live cloned piglets is quite variable. In this study, we aimed at a comprehensive analysis of environmental and experimental factors that are substantially influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs. Based on a considerably large data set from 274 SCNT experiments (in total 18,649 reconstructed embryos transferred into 193 recipients), performed over a period of three years, we assessed the relative contribution of season, type of genetic modification, donor cell source, number of cloning rounds, and pre-selection of cloned embryos for early development to the cloning efficiency. RESULTS 109 (56%) recipients became pregnant and 85 (78%) of them gave birth to offspring. Out of 318 cloned piglets, 243 (76%) were alive, but only 97 (40%) were clinically healthy and showed normal development. The proportion of stillborn piglets was 24% (75/318), and another 31% (100/318) of the cloned piglets died soon after birth. The overall cloning efficiency, defined as the number of offspring born per SCNT embryos transferred, including only recipients that delivered, was 3.95%. SCNT experiments performed during winter using fetal fibroblasts or kidney cells after additive gene transfer resulted in the highest number of live and healthy offspring, while two or more rounds of cloning and nuclear transfer experiments performed during summer decreased the number of healthy offspring. CONCLUSION Although the effects of individual factors may be different between various laboratories, our results and analysis strategy will help to identify and optimize the factors, which are most critical to cloning success in programs aiming at the generation of genetically engineered pig models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kurome
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Geistlinger
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annegret Wuensch
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Richter
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Kraehe
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katinka Burkhardt
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Merkl
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Landmann
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marina Durkovic
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Tschukes
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Simone Kraner
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dirk Schindelhauer
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Petri
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Pseudophysiological transcomplementary activation of reconstructed oocytes as a highly efficient method used for producing nuclear-transferred pig embryos originating from transgenic foetal fibroblast cells. Pol J Vet Sci 2013; 15:509-16. [PMID: 23214372 DOI: 10.2478/v10181-012-0078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The completely new strategy of pseudophysiological transcomplementary (transcytoplasmic) activation (PP-TCA) of nuclear-transferred oocytes, which had been derived from pWAPhGH-GFPBsd transfected foetal fibroblast cells, was recently applied to the somatic cell cloning of pigs. It resulted in the considerable enhancing not only the cleavage activity of cultured cloned embryos, but also their morula and blastocyst formation rates as compared to the use of standard simultaneous fusion and electrical activation of reconstituted oocytes (77% vs. 57%, 63% vs. 46% and 40% vs. 27%, respectively). Altogether, the use of cytosolic components descended from heterologous (rabbit) zygotes as the agents for stimulation of porcine clonal cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) turned out to be reliable and feasible strategy for the generation of transgenic blastocysts by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Furthermore, to our knowledge, no previous study has reported the preimplantation developmental outcome of transgenic nuclear-transferred pig embryos following the PP-TCA that was developed and optimised in our laboratory.
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23
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Samiec M, Skrzyszowska M. Roscovitine is a novel agent that can be used for the activation of porcine oocytes reconstructed with adult cutaneous or fetal fibroblast cell nuclei. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1855-67. [PMID: 22979963 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the preimplantation developmental competence of cloned pig embryos that were derived from fibroblast cell nuclei by different methods for the activation of reconstructed oocytes. In subgroups IA and IB, nuclear-transferred (NT) oocytes derived from either adult cutaneous or fetal fibroblast cells that had been classified as nonapoptotic by intra vitam analysis for programmed cell death using the YO-PRO-1 DNA fluorochrome underwent sequential physical (i.e., electrical) and chemical activation (SE-CA). This novel method of SE-CA, which was developed and optimized in our laboratory, involves treatment of reconstituted oocytes with direct current pulses and subsequent exposure to 7.5 μM calcium ionomycin, followed by incubation with 30 μM R-roscovitine (R-RSCV), 0.7 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine and 3.5 μg/mL cycloheximide. In subgroups IIA and IIB, NT oocytes were subjected to the standard method of simultaneous fusion and activation mediated by direct current pulses. The proportion of cloned embryos in subgroup IA that reached the morula and blastocyst stages was 145/248 (58.5%) and 78/248 (31.5%), respectively. The proportions of cloned embryos in subgroup IB that reached the morula and blastocyst stages were 186/264 (70.5%) and 112/264 (42.4%), respectively. In turn, subgroup IIA yielded proportions at the morula and blastocyst stages of 110/234 (47.0%) and 49/234 (20.9%), respectively. Subgroup IIB yielded proportions at the morula and blastocyst stages of 144/243 (59.3%) and 74/243 (30.5%), respectively. In summary, the SE-CA of NT oocytes reconstructed from either type of nonapoptotic/nonnecrotic (i.e., YO-PRO-1-negative) fibroblast cell resulted in porcine cloned embryos with considerably better in vitro developmental outcomes than those of cloned embryos generated using the simultaneous fusion and activation approach. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful stimulation of porcine NT oocytes using electric pulses followed by an additional activation with a higher dose (1.5 times) of calcium ionomycin and subsequent exposure to a combination of 30 μM R-RSCV and lower concentrations (by 3 times) of 6-dimethylaminopurine and cycloheximide. Moreover, we report here the first use of R-RSCV, a novel meiosis-promoting factor-related p34(cdc2) kinase inhibitor, in the oocyte activation protocol for the somatic cell cloning of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samiec
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Kraków, Poland.
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24
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Transgenic mammalian species, generated by somatic cell cloning, in biomedicine, biopharmaceutical industry and human nutrition/dietetics--recent achievements. Pol J Vet Sci 2011; 14:317-28. [PMID: 21721422 DOI: 10.2478/v10181-011-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell cloning technology in mammals promotes the multiplication of productively-valuable genetically engineered individuals, and consequently allows also for standardization of transgenic farm animal-derived products, which, in the context of market requirements, will have growing significance. Gene farming is one of the most promising areas in modern biotechnology. The use of live bioreactors for the expression of human genes in the lactating mammary gland of transgenic animals seems to be the most cost-effective method for the production/processing of valuable recombinant therapeutic proteins. Among the transgenic farm livestock species used so far, cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and rabbits are useful candidates for the expression of tens to hundreds of grams of genetically-engineered proteins or xenogeneic biopreparations in the milk. At the beginning of the new millennium, a revolution in the treatment of disease is taking shape due to the emergence of new therapies based on recombinant human proteins. The ever-growing demand for such pharmaceutical or nutriceutical proteins is an important driving force for the development of safe and large-scale production platforms. The aim of this paper is to present an overall survey of the state of the art in investigations which provide the current knowledge for deciphering the possibilities of practical application of the transgenic mammalian species generated by somatic cell cloning in biomedicine, the biopharmaceutical industry, human nutrition/dietetics and agriculture.
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25
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The possibilities of practical application of transgenic mammalian species generated by somatic cell cloning in pharmacology, veterinary medicine and xenotransplantology. Pol J Vet Sci 2011; 14:329-40. [DOI: 10.2478/v10181-011-0051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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